Digital Commons Network^™

Tracer And Observationally Derived Constraints On Diapycnal Diffusivities In An Ocean State Estimate, David S. Trossman, Caitlin B. Whalen, Thomas W. N. Haine, Amy F. Waterhouse, An T. Nguyen, Arash Bigdeli, Matthew Mazloff, Patrick Heimbach

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Tropospheric Attenuation Prediction For Future Millimeter Wave Terrestrial Systems: Estimating Statistics And Extremes, Jinwen Liu, David W. Matolak, Ismail Güvenç, Hani Mehrpouyan

Faculty Publications

Tropospheric attenuations can be significant in the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands; hence, accurate prediction modeling of tropospheric attenuation is important for reliable mmWave communication. Several models have been established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), yet estimation accuracy is limited due to the large spatial scales used for model input parameters. In this paper, we address this and apply local precipitation data to analyze tropospheric attenuation statistics and compare to results when using ITU regional input rain data. Specifically, tropospheric attenuation is predicted via simulations using the ITU method at 30, 60, and 90 GHz in four distinct geographic …

Whole-Genome Sequencing Of Kmr3 And Oryza Rufipogon-Derived Introgression Line Il50-13 (Chinsurah Nona 2/Gosaba 6) Identifies Candidate Genes For High Yield And Salinity Tolerance In Rice, Shashi Rekha Thummala, Haritha Guttikonda, Shrish Tiwari, Rajeshwari Ramanan, Niranjan Baisakh, Sarla Neelamraju, Satendra K. Mangrauthia

Faculty Publications

The genomes of an elite rice restorer line KMR3 (salinity-sensitive) and its salinity-tolerant introgression line IL50-13, a popular variety of coastal West Bengal, India, were sequenced. High-quality paired-end reads were obtained for KMR3 (147.6 million) and IL50-13 (131.4 million) with a sequencing coverage of 30X-39X. Scaffolds generated from the pre-assembled contigs of each sequenced genome were mapped separately onto the reference genome of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar Nipponbare to identify genomic variants in terms of SNPs and InDels. The SNPs and InDels identified for KMR3 and IL50-13 were then compared with each other to identify polymorphic SNPs and InDels …

Nature Versus Humans In Coastal Environmental Change: Assessing The Impacts Of Hurricanes Zeta And Ida In The Context Of Beach Nourishment Projects In The Mississippi River Delta, Qiang Yao, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa Cohen, Kam-Biu Liu, Adriana Vivan De Souza, Erika Rodrigues

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Reproductive Biology Of Small Fishes And The Clutch Concept: Combining Macroscopic And Histological Approaches, David C. Heins, Nancy J. Brown-Peterson

Faculty Publications

Accurate estimates of reproductive parameters important in understanding life history evolution and conservation of small fishes are dependent upon careful assignment of ovarian phases. Proper assignment is based upon the stages of propagule (oocyte) development, oocyte maturation and the location of any clutch or portion thereof within the ovaries. Macroscopic inspection and assignment of ovarian developmental phases have often been used for small freshwater fishes. By contrast, histological methods for assignment of reproductive phases have been developed and are widely used for marine fishes, but they have rarely been used for small freshwater fishes. We review oocyte development, ovum maturation, …

Electroanalytical Measurements Of Lanthanum (Iii) Chloride In Molten Calcium Chloride And Molten Calcium Chloride And Lithium Chloride, Mark H. Schvaneveldt, Ranon Fuller, Devin Rappleye

Faculty Publications

Cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and other electroanalytical methods have been applied to molten chloride salts to study metal ion behavior. These studies have been useful for understanding and optimizing the electrowinning of metals. Notable ions that have been studied are rare earth and actinide metal ions in LiCl-KCl salts. However, the behavior of lanthanum (La³⁺) ions in some molten chlorides or chloride mixtures (e.g., CaCl₂) has not been studied. CV experiments were conducted to evaluate La³⁺ behavior in CaCl₂-LiCl and CaCl₂ and were compared to La³⁺ behavior in …

Genomics And Geographic Diversity Of Bacteriophages Associated With Endosymbionts In The Guts Of Workers And Alates Of Coptotermes Species (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), Junyan Chen, Christopher R. Gissendanner, Chinmay V. Tikhe, Hou Feng Li, Qian Sun, Claudia Husseneder

Faculty Publications

Subterranean termites depend nutritionally on their gut microbiota, which includes protozoa as well as taxonomically and functionally diverse bacteria. Our previous metavirome study revealed a high diversity and novel families of bacteriophages in the guts of Coptotermes formosanus workers from New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Two assembled bacteriophage genomes (Phages TG-crAlp-04 and 06, family Podoviridae) existed in all colonies and showed similarity to a prophage (ProJPt-Bp1) previously sequenced from a bacterial endosymbiont (Candidatus Azobacteroides pseudotrichonymphae, CAP) of protozoa in the gut of a termite species of the genus Prorhinotermes from Taiwan. In this study the genomes of Phage TG-crAlp-04 and …

Can Coastal Habitats Rise To The Challenge? Resilience Of Estuarine Habitats, Carbon Accumulation, And Economic Value To Sea-Level Rise In A Puget Sound Estuary, Monica M. Moritsch, Kristin B. Bryd, Melanie Davis, Anthony Good, Judith Z. Drexler, James T. Morris, Isa Wood, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Eric Grossman, Gynnis Nakai, Katrina L. Poppe, John M. Rybczyk

Faculty Publications

Sea-level rise (SLR) and obstructions to sediment delivery pose challenges to the persistence of estuarine habitats and the ecosystem services they provide. Restoration actions and sediment management strategies may help mitigate such challenges by encouraging the vertical accretion of sediment in and horizontal migration of tidal forests and marshes. We used a process-based soil accretion model (Coastal Wetland Equilibrium Model) combined with a habitat classifcation model (MOSAICS) to estimate the efects of SLR, suspended sediment, and inland habitat migration on estuarine habitats, soil carbon accumulation, and economic value of climate change mitigation of carbon accumulation (social cost of carbon dioxide) …

Financial Health Literacy And The Shared Decision-Making Process In Healthcare, Caitlin S. O'Mara, Justin P. Young, Zachary K. Winkelmann Phd, Lat, Atc

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Longitudinal Changes In Chinese Minority College Students' Health-Related Fitness: A Multilevel Latent Growth Curve Modeling Approach, Xin Zhang, Xiaofen D. Hamilton, Zach Taylor, Jianmin Guan, Michael Hodges, Shuhua Qu, Yong Huang

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The study aimed to test the overall changes of health-related fitness (HRF) in minority Chinese college students and to examine HRF differences in gender, race, and year in college.

Method: Participants (n = 1320) were minority college students with more than two-thirds females (ie 76.1%), and Hui, Tibetan, and Mongolia consisted of 13.8%, 13.8%, and 11.2%, respectively. Student HRF was tracked for four years. Data were analyzed using multilevel latent growth curve modeling.

Results: Muscular strength and endurance were the weakest component in minority college students’ HRF, while body mass index was within the category of “excellent”. Males …

The Mitogenome Relationships And Phylogeography Of Barn Swallows (Hirundo Rustica), Gianluca Lombardo, Nicola Rambaldi Migliore, Giulia Colombo, Marco Rosario Capodiferro, Giulio Formenti, Manuela Caprioli, Elisabetta Moroni, Leonardo Caporali, Hovirag Lancioni, Simona Secomandi, Cristina Cereda, Valerio Carelli, Lauren Gillespie, Yang Liu, Yosef Kiat, Alfonso Marzal, Cosme López-Calderón, Javier Balbontín, Timothy Mousseau, Piotr Matyjasiak, Anders Pape Møller, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) poses a number of fascinating scientific questions, including the taxonomic status of postulated subspecies. Here, we obtained and assessed the sequence variation of 411 complete mitogenomes, mainly from the European H. r. rustica, but other subspecies as well. In almost every case, we observed subspecies-specific haplogroups, which we employed together with estimated radiation times to postulate a model for the geographical and temporal worldwide spread of the species. The female barn swallow carrying the Hirundo rustica ancestral mitogenome left Africa (or its vicinity) around 280 thousand years ago (kya), and her descendants …

Semantic Segmentation To Extract Coronary Arteries In Invasive Coronary Angiograms, Chen Zhao, Robert Bober, Haipeng Tang, Jinshan Tang, Minghao Dong, Chaoyang Zhang, Zhuo He, Michele L. Esposito, Zhihiu Xu, Weihua Zhou

Faculty Publications

Accurate semantic segmentation of each coronary artery using invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is important for stenosis assessment and coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a multi-step semantic segmentation algorithm based on analyzing arterial sements extraced from ICAs. The proposed algorithm firstly extracts the entire arterial binary mask (binary vascular tree) using a deep learning-based method. Then we extract the centerline of the binary vascular tree and separate it into different arterial segments. Finally, by extracting the underlyingarterial topology, position, and pixel features, we construct a powerful coronary artery segment classifier based on a support vector machine. …

Food Insecurity And Suicidal Behaviors Among Us High School Students*, Andrea D. Brown, Hilary Seligman, Sarah Silwa, Ellen Barnidge, Kathryn L. Krupsky, Zewiditu Demissie, Angela D. Liese

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Food insecurity (FI) rates in the United States are particularly high among households with children. This research set aims to analyze if high school students experiencing FI had higher risk for mental health and suicidal behaviors.

METHODS: Using combined data from 11 states that conducted the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a total of 26,962 and24,051 high school students were used to estimate race/ethnicity and sex-stratified prevalence ratios (PRs) from Poissonregression models. A single-question was used to measure the exposure of FI and outcomes of mental health and suicidalbehaviors.

RESULTS: Overall, 10.8% of students reported FI. Students experiencing FI …

Soil Salinity Estimation Over Coastal Wetlands Based On Random Forest Algorithm And Hydrological Connectivity Metric, Haochen Sui, Dawei Chen, Jiaguo Yan, Bin Li, Wei Li, Baoshan Cui

Faculty Publications

Owing to climate warming and human activities (irrigation and reservoirs), sea level rise and runoff reduction have been threatening the coastal ecosystem by increasing the soil salinity. However, short-term sparse in situ observations limit the study on the response of coastal soil salinity to external stressors and thus its effect on coastal ecosystem. In this study, based on hydrological connectivity metric and random forest algorithm (RF), we develop a coastal soil salinity inversion model with in situ observations and satellite-based datasets. Using Landsat images and ancillary as input variables, we produce a 30-m monthly grid dataset of surface soil salinity …

We Will Rise No Matter What': Community Perspectives Of Disaster Resilience Following Hurricanes Irma And Maria In Puerto Rico, Elizabeth L. Petrun Sayers, Kathryn E. Anthony, Ashlyn Tom, Alice Y. Kim, Courtney Armstrong

Faculty Publications

Category 4 Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico on 20 September 2017 and ploughed across the territory with sustained winds of 155 mph. Just two weeks earlier, category 5 Hurricane Irma had struck the island already damaging critical infrastructure making Hurricane Maria even more devasting. The hurricanes caused catastrophic damage, resulting in the largest and longest response to a domestic disaster in the history of the United States. This paper explores the recovery process in Puerto Rico using a community resilience lens. The study examines narratives, the media environment, trusted sources, and information preferences following the crisis. Community workshops, …

Feasibility Of Obtaining Surface Layer Moisture Flux Using An Ir Thermometer, Steven T. Fiorino, Lance Todorowski, Jaclyn Schmidt, Yogendra Raut, Jacob Margraf

Faculty Publications

This paper evaluates the feasibility of a method using a single hand-held infrared (IR) thermometer and a mini tower of wet and dry paper towels to psychometrically obtain surface layer temperature and moisture gradients and fluxes. Sling Psychrometers have long been standard measuring devices for quantifying the thermodynamics of near-surface atmospheric gas–vapor mixtures, specifically moisture parameters. However, these devices are generally only used to measure temperature and humidity at one near-surface level. Multiple self-aspirating psychrometers can be used in a vertical configuration to measure temperature and moisture gradients and fluxes in the first 1–2 m of the surface layer. This …

Long-Term Business Implications Of Russia’S War In Ukraine, Stanislav Markus

Faculty Publications

Following its invasion of Ukraine, Russia’s macroeconomic stability will worsen; foreign trade and Russia-bound investment will dry up; and human capital will become scarce. Russia will not fully compensate these losses with increased economic engagement with China, with particular deficiencies likely in high-tech areas for Russia. Import substitution is also unlikely to allow Russia to innovate its way out of economic isolation or escape the resource curse. As Kremlin-connected elites further dominate the impoverished economy, crony state capitalism and kleptocracy will rise. The global repercussions of Russia’s war will include commodity shocks and the attendant supply chain disruptions and inflationary …

Cataloging Conundrums: Challenging Items That Have Crossed Our Desks, Rebecca A. Wiederhold, Sharolyn Swenson, Kjerste Christensen, Jessie Louise Christensen

Faculty Publications

Some of the most interesting items that cross the cataloger’s desk present difficult cataloging challenges. When cataloging a collection of suspected forgeries, how do you determine the “publication” date for faked documents? Which cataloging workform do you use for a LEGO model of the Salt Lake Temple? Is it a kit? A game? A sculpture? In this session, we will share examples of unique items we’ve cataloged and demonstrate how to effectively solve the questions that come up when trying to help patrons discover exactly what they’re looking for.

Improved Limit On Tensor Currents In The Weak Interaction From Li 8 Β Decay, M. T. Burkey, G. Savard, A. T. Gallant, N. D. Scielzo, J. A. Clark, T. Y. Hirsh, L. Varriano, G. H. Sargsyan, K. D. Launey, M. Brodeur, D. P. Burdette, E. Heckmaier, K. Joerres, J. W. Klimes, K. Kolos, A. Laminack, K. G. Leach, A. F. Levand, B. Longfellow, B. Maaß, S. T. Marley, G. E. Morgan, P. Mueller, R. Orford, S. W. Padgett, A. Pérez Galván, J. R. Pierce, D. Ray, R. Segel, K. Siegl, K. S. Sharma, B. S. Wang

Faculty Publications

The electroweak interaction in the standard model is described by a pure vector-axial-vector structure, though any Lorentz-invariant component could contribute. In this Letter, we present the most precise measurement of tensor currents in the low-energy regime by examining the β-ν¯ correlation of trapped Li8 ions with the Beta-decay Paul Trap. We find aβν=-0.3325±0.0013stat±0.0019syst at 1σ for the case of coupling to right-handed neutrinos (CT=-CT′), which is consistent with the standard model prediction.

Incorporating Inclusivity In Our Catalog, Nicole Lewis, Rachel Jane Wittmann

Faculty Publications

This presentation was given at the Utah Library Association Annual Conference in Layton, Utah.

In early 2021, the University of Utah embarked on the journey to review and update harmful subject headings in their catalog, digital library metadata, and finding aids. This session will discuss the background of the project and where we are currently at in the process of changing harmful subject headings.

Creating Campus Connections: Highlighting Scholarship And Facilitating Connections, Ellen Neuhaus, Maggie Heretakis

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Modest Proposal: Trusted Pick-Up Points For Interlibrary Loan For Distant Users, Janet Brennan Croft

Faculty Publications

I want to start out by talking a little about the genesis of this idea. I was working at Rutgers in March 2020 and in fact I taught what might have been the very last in-person bibliographic instruction session before we shut down for spring break – which immediately turned into the long COVID lockdown, at least for us.

But within a matter of weeks, we were joined by other academic libraries all over the world, and all of our users became participants in a great distance education experiment—undergraduates, graduates, researchers, instructors, faculty, and all. The online library became the …

Cross-Modal Perception Of Identity By Sound And Taste In Bottlenose Dolphins, Jason N. Bruck, Sam F. Walmsley, Vincent M. Janik

Faculty Publications

While studies have demonstrated concept formation in animals, only humans are known to label concepts to use them in mental simulations or predictions. To investigate whether other animals use labels comparably, we studied cross-modal, individual recognition in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that use signature whistles as labels for conspecifics in their own communication. First, we tested whether dolphins could use gustatory stimuli and found that they could distinguish between water and urine samples, as well as between urine from familiar and unfamiliar individuals. Then, we paired playbacks of signature whistles of known animals with urine samples from either the same …

Marcedit For Beginners, Nicole Lewis

Faculty Publications

This presentation was given at the Utah Library Association Annual Conference 2022 in Layton, Utah.

MarcEdit is a powerful - and free - tool available for editing, enhancing, and transforming MARC21 data. This workshop-style session will present the variety of editing options available in MarcEdit, as well as possible use cases. Attendees are encouraged to bring a laptop with the latest version of MarcEdit installed for hands-on use of the program.

Precise Elevation Thresholds Associated With Salt Marsh–Upland Ecotones Along The Mississippi Gulf Coast, Carlton P. Anderson, Gregory A. Carter, Margaret C.B. Waldron

Faculty Publications

Coastal marshes provide essential ecosystem services related to biodiversity, water quality, and protection from erosion. As increasing rates of relative sea-level rise affect many coastal marsh systems, a thorough understanding of marsh responses to sea-level change, particularly the migration of marsh–upland boundaries, becomes essential. The goal of this study was to determine precise elevation thresholds associated with coastal marsh, the marsh–upland ecotone, and upland plant communities along Mississippi’s Gulf of Mexico coast (diurnal, microtidal). Elevations (NAVD88) were measured using survey-grade Global Navigation Satellite System solutions integrated with high-precision leveling. Plant species were sampled at approximately 1-m intervals along each of …

Event-Based Imaging Polarimeter, Michael R. Hawks, Michael L. Dexter

Faculty Publications

The design and initial experimental results from an event-based, rotating-polarizer, imaging polarimeter are presented. The speed of division-of-time imaging systems is traditionally constrained by the frame rate of the focal plane sensor and the need to sample several polarization angles during rotation. The asynchronous event reporting of event-based cameras (EBCs) frees these constraints but introduces challenges. The Stokes vectors used to describe polarization are based on irradiance, but EBCs are inherently change-detection systems that struggle to estimate irradiance. Two methods of estimating the polarization state without first recovering irradiance images are presented and compared. The DAVIS 346 sensor enables simultaneous …

Uv Curable, Flame Retardant, And Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives With Two-Way Shape Memory Effect, Xiaming Feng, Guoqiang Li

Faculty Publications

Novel UV curable acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with exceptional flame retardancy and promising two-way shape memory effect have been developed using a commercial diethyl phosphoramidate as multifunctional tackifier for the first time. The abundant hydrogen bonds and high viscosity of the resultant networks contribute to the low temperature and repeatable adhesions. The PSA with 5 wt % tackifier exhibited the best overall adhesion at both 25 °C and 0 °C, especially with the relatively high peak adhesive stress and the highest work of adhesion. Owing to the synergistic effect with nitrogen containing acylate monomer, the 15 wt% diethyl phosphoramidate endowed …

Dyt-Prkra Mutation P222l Enhances Pact's Stimulatory Activity On Type I Interferon Induction, Lauren S. Vaughn, Kenneth Frederick, Samuel B. Burnett, Nutan Sharma, D. Cristopher Bragg, Sarah Camargos, Francisco Cardoso, Rekha C. Patel

Faculty Publications

DYT-PRKRA (dystonia 16 or DYT-PRKRA) is caused by mutations in the PRKRA gene that encodes PACT, the protein activator of interferon (IFN)-induced double-stranded (ds) RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). PACT participates in several cellular pathways, of which its role as a PKR activator protein during integrated stress response (ISR) is the best characterized. Previously, we have established that the DYT-PRKRA mutations cause enhanced activation of PKR during ISR to sensitize DYT-PRKRA cells to apoptosis. In this study, we evaluate if the most prevalent substitution mutation reported in DYT-PRKRA patients alters PACT’s functional role in induction of type …

Updates In The Pharmacologic Prophylaxis And Treatment Of Invasive Candidiasis In The Pediatric And Neonatal Intensive Care Units, James Hunter Fly, Seerat Kapoor, Kelly Bobo, Jeremy S. Stultz

Faculty Publications

Purpose of review The goal of this review was to provide an update on the prevention and treatment options for invasive candidiasis (IC) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Recent findings Studies have further validated the use of fluconazole for IC prophylaxis among high-risk patients in the NICU. It remains unclear if prophylaxis leads to resistance development and the ideal dosage regimen is still not clear. Recent studies have been published comparing caspofungin and micafungin to amphotericin B and illustrated similar efficacy outcomes in the NICU. Micafungin now has approval from the United …

Identification Of Micrornas In The Lyme Disease Vector Ixodes Scapularis, Deepak Kumar, Latoyia P. Downs, Monica Embers, Alex Sutton Flynt, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in many biological processes, including the immune pathways that control bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. Pathogens probably modify host miRNAs to facilitate successful infection, so they might be useful targets for vaccination strategies. There are few data on differentially expressed miRNAs in the black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis after infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease in the United States. Small RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis were used to identify and validate differentially expressed I. scapularis salivary miRNAs. Small RNA-seq yielded 133,465,828 (≥18 nucleotides) and 163,852,135 (≥18 …