Digital Commons Network^™

Honey Bee Genetic Stock Determines Deformed Wing Virus Symptom Severity But Not Viral Load Or Dissemination Following Pupal Exposure, Hannah J. Penn, Michael D. Simone-Finstrom, Yanping Chen, Kristen B. Healy

Faculty Publications

Honey bees exposed to Varroa mites incur substantial physical damage in addition to potential exposure to vectored viruses such as Deformed wing virus (DWV) that exists as three master variants (DWV-A, DWV-B, and DWV-C) and recombinants. Although mite-resistant bees have been primarily bred to mitigate the impacts of Varroa mites, mite resistance may be associated with increased tolerance or resistance to the vectored viruses. The goal of our study is to determine if five honey bee stocks (Carniolan, Italian, Pol-Line, Russian, and Saskatraz) differ in their resistance or tolerance to DWV based on prior breeding for mite resistance. We injected …

Perceptions Of Hazing Among Young Male United States Military Service Members: A Qualitative Analysis, Elizabeth C. Metzger, Jasmin N. Bennett, Cristobal S. Berry-Caban, Elizabeth J. Allan, Christopher J. Guenthner, Bryce M. Meerhaeghe, Brian Borsari, Donna M. Kazemi Phd, Rn, Cne, Fiaan, Lindsay M. Orchowski

Faculty Publications

This study examines hazing among a sample of young male service members in the United States (US) military. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with active duty service members (N = 10) aged 18 to 24 at a large Southeastern US Army post to examine their conceptualization of hazing. Thematic analysis revealed three emergent themes: (1) the definition of hazing and hazing behaviors; (2) the ritualistic nature of hazing; and (3) the sexual nature of hazing. Most participants provided their own definition of hazing. One participant had difficulty in differentiating between hazing and bullying, the others had distinct definitions as …

Delineating The Role Of The Msaabcr Operon In Staphylococcal Overflow Metabolism, Gc Bibek, Gyan S. Sahukhal, Mohamed O. Elasri

Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that can infect almost every organ system, resulting in a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The msaABCR operon is an important regulator of several staphylococcal phenotypes, including biofilm development, cell wall crosslinking, antibiotic resistance, oxidative stress, and acute and chronic implant-associated osteomyelitis. Our previous study showed that, by modulating murein hydrolase activity, the msaABCR operon negatively regulates the proteases that govern cell death. Here, we report further elucidation of the mechanism of cell death, which is regulated by the msaABCR operon at the molecular level in the USA300 LAC strain. We showed …

Reporting Verb Variation Across Disciplines: An Academic Corpus Study, Grant Eckstein, Jacob D. Rawlins, Hannah Taylor, Haley Briggs, Andrea Candland, Elizabeth Hanks, Sarah Hill

Faculty Publications

Reporting verbs are used in academic writing to establish authorial voice when referencing previous research. Although the practice is widespread, inexperienced academic writers and second-language learners may struggle to select appropriate reporting verbs within their given discipline or may overuse them in ways that signal outsider status. The present study explores the distribution of reporting verbs across six disciplines in a corpus containing 270 academic research background sections (introduction and literature review). The results illustrate that disciplines vary widely in the number and type of reporting verbs used. While common reporting verbs across disciplines include argue, examine, report …

Development, Validity, And Cross-Context Equivalence Of The Child Food Insecurity Experiences Scale For Assessing Food Insecurity Of School-Age Children And Adolescents, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Maryah S. Fram, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Jennifer Bernal, Zeina Jamaluddine, Sharon I. Kirkpatrick, David Hammond, Elisabetta Aurino, Sharon Wolf, Sophie M. Goudet, Mara Nyawo, Chika Hayashi

Faculty Publications

Background: Children ages 6 to 17 years can accurately assess their own food insecurity, whereas parents are inaccurate reporters of their children's experiences of food insecurity. No globally applicable scale to assess the food insecurity of children has been developed and validated.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a globally applicable, experience-based measure of child and adolescent food insecurity and establish the validity and cross-contextual equivalence of the measure.

Methods: The 10-item Child Food Insecurity Experiences Scale (CFIES) was based on items previously validated from questionnaires from the United States, Venezuela, and Lebanon. Cognitive interviews were conducted to check understanding of …

Climate Change Reshuffles Northern Species Within Their Niches, Laura H. Antao, Benjamin Weigel, Giovanni Strona, Maria Hallfors, Elina Kaarlejarvi, Tad Dallas, Oystein H. Opedal, Janne Heliola, Heikki Henttonen, Otso Huitu, Erkki Korpimaki, Mikko Kuussaari, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Reima Leinonen, Andreas Lindén, Paivi Merila, Hannu Pietianinen, Juha Poyry, Maija Salemaa, Tiina Tonteri, Kristiina Vuorio, Otso Ovaskainen, Marjo Saastamoinen, Jarno Vanhatalo, Tomas Roslin, Anna-Liisa Laine

Faculty Publications

Climate change is a pervasive threat to biodiversity. While range shifts are a known consequence of climate warming contributing to regional community change, less is known about how species’ positions shift within their climatic niches. Furthermore, whether the relative importance of different climatic variables prompting such shifts varies with changing climate remains unclear. Here we analysed four decades of data for 1,478 species of birds, mammals, butterflies, moths, plants and phytoplankton along a 1,200 km high latitudinal gradient. The relative importance of climatic drivers varied non-uniformly with progressing climate change. While species turnover among decades was limited, the relative position …

Computational Methods To Simulate Molten Salt Thermophysical Properties, Talmage Porter, Michael M. Vaka, Parker Steenblik, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

Molten salts are important thermal conductors used in molten salt reactors and solar applications. To use molten salts safely, accurate knowledge of their thermophysical properties is necessary. However, it is experimentally challenging to measure these properties and a comprehensive evaluation of the full chemical space is unfeasible. Computational methods provide an alternative route to access these properties. Here, we summarize the developments in methods over the last 70 years and cluster them into three relevant eras. We review the main advances and limitations of each era and conclude with an optimistic perspective for the next decade, which will likely be …

Responsibility, Recognition And Representation: The Ethical Bases Of Truth Evaluation In Political Narrative Analysis, Paul Nesbitt-Larking

Faculty Publications

Just as even the most personal of our narratives can ultimately be traced back to our communal pasts, so they are worked up, told, and retold through complex chains of sharing: Situated utterances, partial hearings and fractured representations circulate meanings and interpretations through relays of retelling as social agents listen to and tell their own and each other’s stories. Narrative political psychologists explore how the storied lives of political actors are both shaped by their historical and structured circumstances and reproduce their ongoing political agency. In such contexts, how do narrative political psychologists assess truth claims? Guided by a Critical …

A Century-Long Trajectory Of Phosphorus Loading And Export From Mississippi River Basin To The Gulf Of Mexico: Contributions Of Multiple Environmental Changes, Zihao Bian, Shufen Pan, Zhuonan Wang, Yuanzhi Yao, Rongting Xu, Hao Shi, Latif Kalin, Christopher Anderson, Dubravko Justic, Steven Lohrenz, Hanqin Tian

Faculty Publications

Phosphorus (P) control is critical to mitigating eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems, but the effectiveness of controlling P export from soils has been limited by our poor understanding of P dynamics along the land-ocean aquatic continuum as well as the lack of well-developed process models that effectively couple terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemical P processes. Here, we coupled riverine P biogeochemical processes and water transport with terrestrial processes within the framework of the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to assess how multiple environmental changes, including fertilizer and manure P uses, land use, climate, and atmospheric CO2, have affected the long-term dynamics of P …

Governance Of Social Responsibility In International Infrastructure Megaprojects, Saixing Zeng, Hongquan Chen, Hanyang Ma, Jonathan Jingsheng Shi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Lived Experience Of Health Insurance: An Analysis And Proposal For Reform, Jacqueline R. Fox

Faculty Publications

People are carrying tens of billions of dollars of medical debt, much of it in collections. We delay going to the Emergency Department while having a heart attack because it may cost too much. Doctors try to help insured patients find the best coupon to offset the high copayment for a necessary prescription drug. For inexpensive drugs, insurers make a profit by clawing back copayments that exceed what the drug costs. People who are already arbitrarily disadvantaged because of race, gender, health status, LGBTQ status, obesity, etc. are disproportionately burdened by all of this.

No one would design a system …

Victims As Instruments, Rachel J. Wechsler

Faculty Publications

Crime victims are often instrumentalized within the criminal legal process in furtherance of state prosecutorial interests. This is a particularly salient issue concerning victims of gender-based violence (GBV) because victim testimony is typically considered essential for successful prosecution of these types of crimes. Since the U.S. Supreme Court's 2004 decision in Crawford v. Washington, courts require declarants to be available for cross-examination on "testimonial" hearsay evidence. Consequently, criminal legal actors are further incentivized to employ highly coercive practices aimed at securing GBV victims' participation in the criminal legal process as evidentiary tools. These practices include arresting and incarcerating victims through …

Phylogenetic Characterization And Genome Sequence Analysis Of Burkholderia Glumae Strains Isolated In Thailand As The Causal Agent Of Rice Bacterial Panicle Blight, Nootjarin Jungkhun, Antonio Roberto Gomes De Farias, Jutatape Watcharachaiyakup, Nuttima Kositcharoenkul, Jong Hyun Ham, Sujin Patarapuwadol

Faculty Publications

Burkholderia glumae is one of the most critical rice-pathogenic bacteria, and it causes bacterial panicle blight (BPB) in rice plants. In 2017, BPB symptoms were observed from rice fields in Chiang Rai, Northern Thailand. Sixty-one isolates obtained from the symptomatic panicles of rice were initially identified as B. glumae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers. Among them, six selected strains isolated from the susceptible japonica rice cultivar DOA2 were characterized in terms of morpho-physiology, pathology, phylogenetics, and genomics. Our genome sequence analysis of the six selected strains revealed the presence of multiple prophages, which may reflect the high …

Influence Of Weather On Gobbling Activity Of Male Wild Turkeys, Patrick H. Wightman, James A. Martin, John C. Kilgo, Emily Rushton, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain

Faculty Publications

Gobbling activity of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkeys) has been widely studied, focusing on drivers of daily variation. Weather variables are widely believed to influence gobbling activity, but results across studies are contradictory and often equivocal, leading to uncertainty in the relative contribution of weather variables to daily fluctuations in gobbling activity. Previous works relied on road-based auditory surveys to collect gobbling data, which limits data consistency, duration, and quantity due to logistical difficulties associated with human observers and restricted sampling frames. Development of new methods using autonomous recording units (ARUs) allows researchers to collect continuous data …

Recursive Movements Of Eastern Wild Turkey Broods In The Southeastern United States, Nicholas W. Bakner, Bradley S. Cohen, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain

Faculty Publications

Productivity of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) populations throughout the southeastern United States has declined over the past several decades. Although population trajectory is driven primarily by annual reproduction, wild turkey managers have little information regarding the behavioral ecology of broods immediately post-hatch. Broods are known to revisit areas within their ranges, but revisitation behavior is poorly understood spatially and temporally. Thus, identifying patterns of visitation and revisitation can increase understanding of brood behavior. We monitored 94 brooding females until brood failure or 28 days after hatch to evaluate movements and to quantify landcover and vegetation density at revisited locations which …

The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (Nafmfd): Characterizing The Migratory Life Histories Of Freshwater Fishes Of Canada, The United States And Mexico, Emily M. Dean, Arthur R. Cooper, Lizhu Wang, Wesley Daniel, Solomon David, Clayton Ernzen, Keith B. Gido, Edward Hale, Tim J. Haxton, William Kelso, Nancy Leonard, Chris Lido, Joseph Margraf, Michael Porter, Casey Pennock, David Propst, Jared Ross, Michelle D. Staudinger, Gary Whelan, Dana M. Infante

Faculty Publications

Aim: Migratory freshwater fishes are those that must access discrete habitats to complete their life cycles. Freshwater fish migrations occur around the world and provide numerous ecosystem services for humans and natural systems; however, many migratory species are in decline globally. A limiting factor to successfully conserve freshwater migratory fishes is that the migratory life histories of many species are unknown or only partially described. To provide researchers with critical and comprehensive information to conserve migratory fishes, we developed the North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD). Location: Canada, Mexico and the United States. Taxon: Freshwater fish. Methods: To develop …

Natural History And Community Science Records Confirm Rapid Geographic Shifts In The Distribution Of Bachman’S Sparrow (Peucaea Aestivalis) Since 1850, Amie E. Settlecowski, Kathryn E.C. Davis, James A. Cox, Stefan Woltmann, Sabrina S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

North American grassland birds colonized emerging habitat created by expanding agriculture in a pattern of eastward expansions from the mid-1800s to mid-1900s. These birds have been declining, since at least the mid-1900s, largely as result of anthropogenic landscape change. Only one bird that now breeds predominantly in southeastern pine savannas is thought to have experienced a concurrent range expansion into this region: Peucaea aestivalis (Bachman’s Sparrow). However, our understanding of the P. aestivalis expansion, and subsequent retraction to the southeastern United States, is largely based on a contemporaneous review of only a subset of historical records from beyond its modern, …

Interindividual Variation In Maximum Aerobic Metabolism Varies With Gill Morphology And Myocardial Bioenergetics In Gulf Killifish, Bernard B. Rees, Jessica E. Reemeyer, Brian A. Irving

Faculty Publications

This study asked whether interindividual variation in maximum and standard aerobic metabolic rates of the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, correlates with gill morphology and cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics, traits reflecting critical steps in the O2 transport cascade from the environment to the tissues. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) was positively related to body mass, total gill filament length and myocardial oxygen consumption during maximum oxidative phosphorylation (multiple R2=0.836). Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was positively related to body mass, total gill filament length and myocardial oxygen consumption during maximum electron transport system activity (multiple R2=0.717). After controlling for body mass, individuals with longer …

Regional Human Resource Development In Asean: An Institutional Theory Perspective, Oleksandr Tkachenko, Oliver S. Crocco, Loi A. Nguyen, Victoria Jonathan

Faculty Publications

With the growing influence of intergovernmental organizations such as the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the scope and complexity of human resource development (HRD) activities have expanded. Informed by an institutional theory perspective, we examined the evolution of HRD as well as HRD-related programs in ASEAN to illuminate the mechanisms and conditions shaping HRD in ASEAN. Our primary sources were archival data from ASEAN from 1967–2021 and relevant publications of international development agencies that feature HRD-related activities in the region. Our analysis suggests that the establishment of an intergovernmental organization (i.e., ASEAN), with its continuing …

More Than Rocks And Stone: Confederate Monuments, Memory Movements, And Race, Heather A. O'Connell

Faculty Publications

Iexamine why Confederate monuments were built in public spaces in counties throughout the US South with particular attention to connections to race. I use event history analysis to examine the overall likelihood of erecting the first monument in a county while accounting for dimensions of time. The data include a comprehensive accounting of public Confederate monuments, covariates spanning 150 years, and several unique historical variables. This is the first study to assess competing explanations for the construction of Confederate monuments in a generalizable analysis. Results provide support for understanding Confederate monuments as part of a larger "memory movement."Moreover, this movement …

Novel Approaches To Environmental Monitoring And Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Food Production Facilities, Priyanka Gupta, Achyut Adhikari

Faculty Publications

Listeria monocytogenes is a serious public health hazard responsible for the foodborne illness listeriosis. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature and can become established in food production facilities, resulting in the contamination of a variety of food products, especially ready-to-eat foods. Effective and risk-based environmental monitoring programs and control strategies are essential to eliminate L. monocytogenes in food production environments. Key elements of the environmental monitoring program include (i) identifying the sources and prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the production environment, (ii) verifying the effectiveness of control measures to eliminate L. monocytogenes, and (iii) identifying the areas and activities to …

Ab Initio Approaches To High-Entropy Alloys: A Comparison Of Cpa, Sqs, And Supercell Methods, Mariia Karabin, Wasim Raja Mondal, Andreas Östlin, Wai Ga D. Ho, Vladimir Dobrosavljevic, Ka Ming Tam, Hanna Terletska, Liviu Chioncel, Yang Wang, Markus Eisenbach

Faculty Publications

We present a comparative study of different modeling approaches to the electronic properties of the Hf 0.05Nb 0.05Ta 0.8Ti 0.05Zr 0.05 high-entropy alloy. Common to our modeling is the methodology to compute the one-particle Green’s function in the framework of density functional theory. We demonstrate that the special quasi-random structures modeling and the supercell, i.e., the locally self-consistent multiple-scattering methods, provide very similar results for the ground state properties such as the spectral function (density of states) and the equilibrium lattice parameter. To reconcile the multiple-scattering single-site coherent potential approximation with the real space supercell methods, we included the effect …

Feedback Stabilization And Robustness Analysis Using Bounds On Fundamental Matrices, Frederic Mazenc, Michael Malisoff

Faculty Publications

We prove a new robust stabilization theorem for time-varying systems that have sampled measurements and time-varying disturbances, and we provide new observer designs, using novel bounds for fundamental matrices for systems with disturbances. Our main tools use properties of Metzler matrices and positive systems.

Toeplitz Operators On The Fock Space With Quasi-Radial Symbols, Vishwa Dewage, Gestur Ólafsson

Faculty Publications

The Fock space F(Cⁿ) is the space of holomorphic functions on Cⁿ that are square-integrable with respect to the Gaussian measure on Cⁿ. This space plays an important role in several subfields of analysis and representation theory. In particular, it has for a long time been a model to study Toeplitz operators. Esmeral and Maximenko showed in 2016 that radial Toeplitz operators on F(C) generate a commutative C^∗-algebra which is isometrically isomorphic to the C^∗-algebra Cb,u(N, ρ1). In this article, we extend the result to k-quasi-radial symbols acting on the Fock …

Deciphering Nb 98 Ss Decay With The Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer At Ornl, B. C. Rasco, K. P. Rykaczewski, A. Fijalkowska, M. Karny, M. Wolinska-Cichocka, R. K. Grzywacz, D. W. Stracener, E. F. Zganjar, J. C. Batchelder, J. C. Blackmon, N. T. Brewer, M. P. Cooper, K. C. Goetz, J. W. Johnson, T. King, A. Laminack, J. T. Matta, K. Miernik, M. Madurga, D. Miller, M. M. Rajabali, T. Ruland, P. Shuai, M. Stepaniuk, J. Winger

Faculty Publications

Background: An assessment done under the auspices of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Developement Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD-NEA) in 2007 suggested that the ß decays of many abundantly produced fission products in nuclear reactors may be incomplete. In this assessment, the fission product Nb98 was assigned the highest priority for study by total absorption spectroscopy due to its large cumulative fission branching fraction and because the ß-decay data from several experiments are discrepant. Purpose: To obtain the complete ß-decay feeding pattern of Nb98 and determine the impact on the average ? energy per Nb98ß decay and ?¯e emission calculations. …

In Search Of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Counterparts With The Zwicky Transient Facility, Tomás Ahumada, Shreya Anand, Michael W. Coughlin, Igor Andreoni, Erik C. Kool, Harsh Kumar, Simeon Reusch, Ana Sagués-Carracedo, Robert Stein, S. Bradley Cenko, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Leo P. Singer, Rachel Dunwoody, Joseph Mangan, Varun Bhalerao, Mattia Bulla, Eric Burns, Matthew J. Graham, David L. Kaplan, Daniel Perley, Mouza Almualla, Joshua S. Bloom, Virginia Cunningham, Kishalay De, Pradip Gatkine, Anna Y.Q. Ho, Viraj Karambelkar, Albert K.H. Kong, Yuhan Yao, G. C. Anupama, Sudhanshu Barway, Shaon Ghosh, Ryosuke Itoh

Faculty Publications

The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) triggers on-board in response to ∼40 short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) per year; however, their large localization regions have made the search for optical counterparts a challenging endeavour. We have developed and executed an extensive program with the wide field of view of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) camera, mounted on the Palomar 48 inch Oschin telescope (P48), to perform target-of-opportunity (ToO) observations on 10 Fermi-GBM SGRBs during 2018 and 2020-2021. Bridging the large sky areas with small field-of-view optical telescopes in order to track the evolution of potential candidates, we look for the elusive …

Multiresolution Healpix Maps For Multiwavelength And Multimessenger Astronomy, I. Martinez-Castellanos, Leo P. Singer, E. Burns, D. Tak, Alyson Joens, Judith L. Racusin, Jeremy S. Perkins

Faculty Publications

HEALPix - the Hierarchical Equal Area isoLatitude Pixelization - has become a standard in high-energy and gravitational wave astronomy. Originally developed to improve the efficiency of all-sky Fourier analyses, it is now also utilized to share sky localization information. When used for this purpose the need for a homogeneous all-sky grid represents a limitation that hinders a broader community adoption. This work presents mhealpy, a Python library able to create, handle and analyze multiresolution maps, a solution to this problem. It supports efficient pixel querying, arithmetic operations between maps, adaptive mesh refinement, plotting, and serialization into FITS - Flexible Image …

Passive Laser Power Stabilization Via An Optical Spring, Torrey Cullen, Scott Aronson, Ron Pagano, Marina Trad Nery, Henry Cain, Jonathon Cripe, Garrett D. Cole, Safura Sharifi, Nancy Aggarwal, Benno Willke, Thomas Corbitt

Faculty Publications

Metrology experiments can be limited by the noise produced by the laser involved via small fluctuations in the laser’s power or frequency. Typically, active power stabilization schemes consisting of an in-loop sensor and a feedback control loop are employed. Those schemes are fundamentally limited by shot noise coupling at the in-loop sensor. In this Letter, we propose to use the optical spring effect to passively stabilize the classical power fluctuations of a laser beam. In a proof of principle experiment, we show that the relative power noise of the laser is stabilized from approximately 2 × 10⁻⁵ Hz^{−1 …}

Thinking Outside The Box: Numerical Relativity With Particles, Stephan Rosswog, Peter Diener, Francesco Torsello

Faculty Publications

The observation of gravitational waves from compact objects has now become an active part of observational astronomy. For a sound interpretation, one needs to compare such observations against detailed Numerical Relativity simulations, which are essential tools to explore the dynamics and physics of compact binary mergers. To date, essentially all simulation codes that solve the full set of Einstein’s equations are performed in the framework of Eulerian hydrodynamics. The exception is our recently developed Numerical Relativity code SPHINCS_BSSN which solves the commonly used BSSN formulation of the Einstein equations on a structured mesh and the matter equations via Lagrangian particles. …

Evolutionary Relationships Of Anglerfishes (Lophiiformes) Reconstructed Using Ultraconserved Elements, Pamela B. Hart, Rachel J. Arnold, Fernando Alda, Christopher P. Kenaley, Theodore W. Pietsch, Destinee Hutchinson, Prosanta Chakrabarty

Faculty Publications

The macroevolutionary consequences of evolving in the deep-sea remain poorly understood and are compounded by the fact that convergent adaptations for living in this environment makes elucidating phylogenetic relationships difficult. Lophiiform anglerfishes exhibit extreme habitat and predatory specializations, including the use of a fin-spine system as a luring device and unique reproductive strategies where parasitic males attach and fuse to females. Despite their notoriety for these odd characteristics, evolutionary relationships among these fishes remain unclear. We sought to clarify the evolutionary history of Lophiiformes using data from 1000 ultraconserved elements and phylogenomic inference methods with particular interest paid to the …