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Ellipsometric And Raman Spectroscopic Study Of Thermally Formed Films On Titanium, E. Hristova, Lj. Arsov, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White Jan 1997

Ellipsometric And Raman Spectroscopic Study Of Thermally Formed Films On Titanium, E. Hristova, Lj. Arsov, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

Thermal films on titanium surfaces were formed by heating titanium samples in air at atmospheric pressure. The optical constants, thickness, and structure of the formed films at various temperatures and times of heating were investigated by ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy. The complex index of refraction and the thickness of generated films were determined by comparing the experimental loci and obtained by ellipsometric measurements with theoretical computed vs. curves. It was found that the thickness in homogeneity and porosity of formed films increase with increasing temperature and the duration of the thermal treatment. Beyond a certain critical temperature, the appearance of …

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The Effects Of Organic Compounds On Inhibition Of Hydrogen Permeation Through A Mild Steel Membrane, H. A. Duarte, D. M. See, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White Jan 1997

The Effects Of Organic Compounds On Inhibition Of Hydrogen Permeation Through A Mild Steel Membrane, H. A. Duarte, D. M. See, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

The effectiveness of 5-(4-pyridyl)-2,7-nonadiene, and 1 phenyl-2-propyn-ol (PP) on inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction on a 1010 steel membrane and on the degree of hydrogen ingress into the membrane was determined. Hydrogen evolution rates and permeation currents were monitored as a function of time at different applied potentials. In the presence of 0.5 g/liter PP in the electrolyte, the hydrogen discharge and permeation current density were inhibited by 98 and95%, respectively.

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Introduction (Symposium: Presidential Power In The Twenty-First Century), Michael J. Gerhardt Jan 1997

Introduction (Symposium: Presidential Power In The Twenty-First Century), Michael J. Gerhardt

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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A Critique Of The Yugoslavia War Crimes Tribunal In Report Of The International Law Association On An International Criminal Court, Michael P. Scharf Jan 1997

A Critique Of The Yugoslavia War Crimes Tribunal In Report Of The International Law Association On An International Criminal Court, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

It is ironic that history has not been altogether kind to the Nuremberg Tribunal, labeling it "victor's justice," denouncing its application of ex post facto law, and rebuking its procedural shortcomings. Fifty years later, the world community has created another war crimes tribunal - the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. In its first annual report, this new Tribunal stated that "one can discern in the statute and the rules a conscious effort to avoid some of the often-mentioned flaws of Nuremberg and Tokyo." Because it will serve as the model for future ad hoc tribunals and a permanent …

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Magnetosusceptibility Event And Cyclostratigraphy (Msec) Of The Eifelian-Givetian Gssp And Associated Boundary Sequences In North Africa And Europe, Rex E. Crick, Brooks B. Ellwood, Ahmed E. El Hassani, Raimund Feist, Jindrich Hladil Jan 1997

Magnetosusceptibility Event And Cyclostratigraphy (Msec) Of The Eifelian-Givetian Gssp And Associated Boundary Sequences In North Africa And Europe, Rex E. Crick, Brooks B. Ellwood, Ahmed E. El Hassani, Raimund Feist, Jindrich Hladil

Faculty Publications

MagnetosusceptibiUty event and cyclostratigraphy (MSEC) is used to define magnetic susceptibility (MS) signatures for the Eifelian-Givetian GSSP in southern Morocco and four other Eifelian-Givetian boundary sequences in Morocco, southern France, and the Czech Republic. MSEC data from the GSSP are used to iden-tify nine first-order isochronous MSEC events for chronocorrelation. MSEC data clearly define a new abiotic Late Eife-lian MSEC Event that immediately precedes the Eife-lian-Givetian boundary and encompasses the biotic Kacak and otomari Events. The MSEC event begins in the upper Tortodus kockelianus kockelianus Zone and ends in the upper Polygnathus ensensis Zone. This Event occurs in the same …

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Optimization Of Out-Of-Core Computations Using Chain Vectors, M. Kandemir, J. Ramanujam, A. Choudhary Jan 1997

Optimization Of Out-Of-Core Computations Using Chain Vectors, M. Kandemir, J. Ramanujam, A. Choudhary

Faculty Publications

Over the last decade, processor speed has become significantly higher than memory and disk speeds. Therefore, exploiting the memory hierarchy has emerged as a key problem in parallel computing. An out-of-core computation is one which operates on disk-resident data. This paper uses the concept of chain vectors for tiling out-of-core codes. The theory of chain vectors is discussed and extended, and their relation to reuse vectors is established. Then, chain vectors are used to optimize the tile size, shape, allocation and scheduling for out-of-core codes.

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Mass/Heat Transfer In A Ribbed Blade Coolant Passage With Cylindrical Vortex Generators: The Effect Of Generator-Rib Spacing, Richard G. Hibbs, Sumanta Acharyal, Yi Chen, Dimitris E. Nikitopoulos Jan 1997

Mass/Heat Transfer In A Ribbed Blade Coolant Passage With Cylindrical Vortex Generators: The Effect Of Generator-Rib Spacing, Richard G. Hibbs, Sumanta Acharyal, Yi Chen, Dimitris E. Nikitopoulos

Faculty Publications

The effect of vortex-generators on the heat transfer from the internally ribbed passages of a turbine blade coolant channel is studied experimentally using a mass-transfer technique. Cylindrical vortexgenerators placed directly above the ribs have been used in this study. Results are reported on the effect of the spacing between the vortex-generator and the ribs. Detailed distributions of the Sherwood number contours and the centerline Sherwood number distributions are presented. Three generator-ribspacing/ rib-height (s/e) values of 0.55, 1, and 1.5 are considered. It is shown that at small generator-rib spacings (s/e=0.55), the two act as a single element, and lead to …

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He Said, He Said: Same-Sex Sexual Harassment Under Title Vii And The "Reasonable Heterosexist" Standard, E. Gary Spitko Jan 1997

He Said, He Said: Same-Sex Sexual Harassment Under Title Vii And The "Reasonable Heterosexist" Standard, E. Gary Spitko

Faculty Publications

Under current sexual harassment law, the trier of fact in a same-sex sexual harassment lawsuit is likely to judge the alleged behavior of a gay sexual harassment defendant more harshly than it would judge the identical behavior in a context where the defendant was not of the same sex as the plaintiff. This bias to a gay sexual harassment defendant arises because the “reasonable person” constructed by the trier of fact in evaluating whether an alleged act of hostile environment sexual harassment should be actionable is, under the author's theory, a non-gay person with a heterosexist world view. The bias …

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Children In A Landscape (Poem), Frank Pommersheim Jan 1997

Children In A Landscape (Poem), Frank Pommersheim

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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What Must Be Done To Achieve The Vision Of The Twenty-First Century Tribal Judiciary, Frank Pommersheim Jan 1997

What Must Be Done To Achieve The Vision Of The Twenty-First Century Tribal Judiciary, Frank Pommersheim

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Twisted Interests: People In Interest Of S.A.H. And The State Of Open Adoptions In South Dakota, Thomas Simmons Jan 1997

Twisted Interests: People In Interest Of S.A.H. And The State Of Open Adoptions In South Dakota, Thomas Simmons

Faculty Publications

In People in Interest of S.A.H., the South Dakota Supreme Court held that open adoptions, or post-adoption visitation by the natural parents, while not prohibited under South Dakota law when in the best interests of the child, should only be mandated when the trial court finds that it is in the best interests of the child by clear and convincing evidence. The court also instructed trial courts to weigh the needs of the child, the effect on integration with the new family, and the potential effect on the pool of other prospective adoptive parents. This decision, while securing judicial enforcement …

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Highways, Hunters, And Section Lines: Tension Between Public Access And Private Rights, Tom Simmons Jan 1997

Highways, Hunters, And Section Lines: Tension Between Public Access And Private Rights, Tom Simmons

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Agent Test, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh Jan 1997

The Agent Test, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh

Faculty Publications

The authors consider agents on the World Wide Web, including information retrieval agents. They propose a test for agenthood, involving communication in multi-agent systems.

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Internet-Based Agents: Applications And Infrastructure, Munindar P. Singh, Michael N. Huhns Jan 1997

Internet-Based Agents: Applications And Infrastructure, Munindar P. Singh, Michael N. Huhns

Faculty Publications

Software agents are mitigating the complexity of modern information systems—technically by providing a locus for managing information subsets, and psychologically by providing an abstraction for human interaction with them.

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Mobile Agents, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh Jan 1997

Mobile Agents, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh

Faculty Publications

A lot of agents are executing on the Web, and some of them are starting to move around. While most agents are static (existing as a single process or thread on one host), others can pick up and move their code and data to a new host where they resume executing.

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Conversational Agents, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh Jan 1997

Conversational Agents, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh

Faculty Publications

When you build or buy an agent for the Web, you want it to perform as well as possible. Increasingly, this means your agent should take advantage not only of the Web's information resources, but also of all the other agents that might be operating there.

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Agents Are Everywhere!, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh Jan 1997

Agents Are Everywhere!, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh

Faculty Publications

A decade ago this claim would have evoked images from the Cold War—and probably gotten this column classified! Today, it describes one of the hottest technical areas on the Internet.

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Hierarchical Classification As An Aid To Browsing, John R. Rose, Caroline M. Eastman Jan 1997

Hierarchical Classification As An Aid To Browsing, John R. Rose, Caroline M. Eastman

Faculty Publications

An approach to browsing large chemical reaction databases is presented. The method that is described builds on earlier work in which unsupervised hierarchical classification was used to extract generalizations of reaction classes from reaction databases for use in reaction knowledge bases. The method described in this paper involves classification based on both semantic and topological features. It supports the creation of deep hierarchies in which succeeding levels represent increasing degrees of abstraction. The creation of a hierarchy allows the user to quickly locate interesting items or classes of items by performing a tree traversal as opposed to sequentially scanning a …

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Damped Diocotron Quasi-Modes Of Non-Neutral Plasmas And Inviscid Fluids, S. Neil Rasband, Ross L. Spencer Jan 1997

Damped Diocotron Quasi-Modes Of Non-Neutral Plasmas And Inviscid Fluids, S. Neil Rasband, Ross L. Spencer

Faculty Publications

Computations of damped diocotron oscillations (quasi-modes) are described for non-neutral plasmas and inviscid fluids. The numerical method implements a suggestion made by Briggs, Daugherty, and Levy some 25 years ago [Phys. Fluids 13, 421 (1970)] to push the branch line that forms the continuum into the complex w-plane by solving the mode equation in the complex r-plane. For the special case of power-law density profiles the calculation finds the same quasi-mode frequencies found recently by Corngold [Phys. Plasmas 2, 620 (1995)]. It is found that the feature of the continuum eigenfunctions which indicates the presence of a nearby quasi-mode is …

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Radar Backscatter Measurement Accuracy For A Spaceborne Pencil-Beam Wind Scatterometer With Transmit Modulation, David G. Long, Michael W. Spencer Jan 1997

Radar Backscatter Measurement Accuracy For A Spaceborne Pencil-Beam Wind Scatterometer With Transmit Modulation, David G. Long, Michael W. Spencer

Faculty Publications

Scatterometers are remote sensing radars designed to measure near-surface winds over the ocean. The difficulties of accommodating traditional fan-beam scatterometers on spacecraft has lead to the development of a scanning pencil-beam instrument known as SeaWinds. SeaWinds will be part of the Japanese Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (ADEOS-II) to be launched in 1999. To analyze the performance of the SeaWinds design, a new expression for the measurement accuracy of a pencil-beam system is required. In this paper the authors derive a general expression for the backscatter measurement accuracy for a pencil-beam scatterometer which includes the effects of transmit signal modulation …

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Extracting The Grain Boundary Character/Free Energy Relationship From The Microstructure: Pure <100> And <111> Tilt Boundaries, Brent L. Adams, S. Costiner, D. Kinderlehrer, W. W. Mullins, Shlomo Ta'asan Jan 1997

Extracting The Grain Boundary Character/Free Energy Relationship From The Microstructure: Pure <100> And <111> Tilt Boundaries, Brent L. Adams, S. Costiner, D. Kinderlehrer, W. W. Mullins, Shlomo Ta'asan

Faculty Publications

This work was supported primarily by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-9632556. Analysis is described to extract the excess free energy of grain boundaries from the mesotexture of well-equilibrated polycrystalline samples. The approach is based upon the force and torque balances at triple junctions described in the classical work of Herring. The main advantage of the approach is that the free energy function is obtained over the full fundamental zone of grain boundary types. For the purposes of exposition, the method is described for specified two-parameter hypersurfaces in the fundamental zone for cubic polycrystals …

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Goethe's Die Leiden Des Jungen Werthers: An Epistolary Novel, Or A Stage Drama In Disguise?, Ilona Klein Jan 1997

Goethe's Die Leiden Des Jungen Werthers: An Epistolary Novel, Or A Stage Drama In Disguise?, Ilona Klein

Faculty Publications

Photography of the late 1920s generated repercussions in other fields of the arts. It sparked an interdisciplinary interest in critics who balked at viewing the frozen images as merely one moment's reality, and who wanted, instead, to recompose and integrate underlying cultural, literary, or political discourse within the photographic frame. This fertile interdisciplinary backing guaranteed an in-depth interpretative dissection of artistic expression which had not been previously possible. The small photograph, a still visual image, became connected to the larger visual images of stage sets-these, a series of visual, immobile backgrounds which framed the caracters acting within.

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Soot In Coal Combustion Systems, Thomas H. Fletcher, Jinliang Ma, Jim Rigby, Alexander L. Brown, Brent W. Webb Jan 1997

Soot In Coal Combustion Systems, Thomas H. Fletcher, Jinliang Ma, Jim Rigby, Alexander L. Brown, Brent W. Webb

Faculty Publications

Soot is generated from coal when volatile matter, tar in particular, undergoes secondary reactions at high temperatures. A description of soot in coal flames allows better calculations of radiative transfer and temperatures in near-burner regions, which in turn allows more accurate predictions of NOx formation in coal-fired furnaces. Experiments are reviewed that examine the formation, agglomeration and properties of coal-derived soot, including pyrolysis experiments and combustion experiments. This review includes the types of experiments performed, the soot yields obtained, the size of the soot particles and agglomerates, the optical properties of soot, the relationship between coal-derived soot and soot …

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Release Of Inorganic Material During Coal Devolatilization, Larry L. Baxter, Reginald E. Mitchell, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 1997

Release Of Inorganic Material During Coal Devolatilization, Larry L. Baxter, Reginald E. Mitchell, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

Experimental results presented in this paper indicate that coal devolatilization products convectively remove a fraction of the nonvolatile components of inorganic material atomically dispersed in the coal matrix. Results from three facilities burning six different coals illustrate this mechanism of ash transformation and release from coal particles. Titanium is chosen to illustrate this type of mass release from coal particles on the basis of its low volatility and mode of occurrence in the coal. During moderate rates of devolatilization (104 K/s heating rate), no significant loss of titanium is noted. At more rapid rates of heating/devolatilization (105 K/s) …

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La Science, La Science-Fiction Et La Mémoire Dans L'Œuvre De Primo Levi, Ilona Klein Jan 1997

La Science, La Science-Fiction Et La Mémoire Dans L'Œuvre De Primo Levi, Ilona Klein

Faculty Publications

Primo Levi était doué, pour le meilleur ou pour le pire diront certains, d'une étrange mémoire, méthodique, photographique et inépuisable où s'entremêlaient les souvenirs de ses aventures de jeunesse, de ses longue randonnées avec Sandro Delmastro dans les montagnes du Piedmont, de ses années passées à étudier la chimie à l'université de Turin, de sa courte expérience de partisan, de l'extermination des juifs dont il fut témoin à Auschwitz et de son « autre vie » après la deuxième guerre mondiale. Lorsque les Nazis planifièrent la destruction et la crémation de tous les témoins de leurs crimes, et de ce …

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The Effect Of Home Environment On Adolescent Substance Use And Depressive Symptoms, S. Susan Su, John P. Hoffmann, Dean R. Gerstein, Robert A. Johnson Jan 1997

The Effect Of Home Environment On Adolescent Substance Use And Depressive Symptoms, S. Susan Su, John P. Hoffmann, Dean R. Gerstein, Robert A. Johnson

Faculty Publications

We used data from the screening phase and first two waves of a panel study to compare the home environments of families with a substance-abusing parent, families with a depressed parent, and families in a comparison group. We diagnosed substance use disorder and affective disorder by administering the Structural Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edition, revised) to each participating parent. The data suggest that families in which parents display a substance use disorder are very similar to those in which parents suffer from affective disorder, in terms of negative life events and lower …

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Liability For Prescribing Intravenous Injection Equipment To Iv Drug Users, Maxwell J. Mehlman Jan 1997

Liability For Prescribing Intravenous Injection Equipment To Iv Drug Users, Maxwell J. Mehlman

Faculty Publications

In the absence of widespread publicly sponsored needle exchange programs, the proposal has been made that physicians prescribe syringes and needles to intravenous (IV) drug users in order to reduce the risk of infection from HIV and other diseases that could result from needle sharing. One question is whether physicians who engage in this behavior, as well as pharmacists who fill the prescriptions, face a significant threat of malpractice liability if the IV drug user or someone else, perhaps an innocent bystander, is harmed as a result of the prescribed equipment. No such cases have been reported, per- haps because …

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Dog That Rarely Barks: Why The Courts Won't Resolve The War Powers Debate, Jonathan L. Entin Jan 1997

Dog That Rarely Barks: Why The Courts Won't Resolve The War Powers Debate, Jonathan L. Entin

Faculty Publications

There is a certain irony about the stimulating papers by Louis Fisher and Peter Shane: the political scientist, Fisher, makes a normative constitutional argument of the sort typically made by legal scholars; the legal scholar, Shane, makes an institutional and policy analysis of the sort typically made by political scientists. Nevertheless, these papers share a common theme: that the President does not and should not have unfettered or unilateral power in the war-making area. Both also focus on war powers rather than other aspects of foreign affairs such as treaties and executive agreements, but their approaches have implications for those …

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Synecdoche And The Presidency: The Removal Power As Symbol, Jonathan L. Entin Jan 1997

Synecdoche And The Presidency: The Removal Power As Symbol, Jonathan L. Entin

Faculty Publications

In this brief comment I want to explore the reasons for this phenomenon. I will illustrate my point by reference to the seminal case of Myers v. United States, which is not discussed in the symposium contribution by Calabresi and Yoo not surprising, because that case was decided well after the period upon which they focus here. After that, I will suggest some reasons why the removal power, despite its limited substantive importance, retains its grip on the academic and political imagination.

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Health Care Cost Containment And Medical Technology: A Critique Of Waste Theory, Maxwell J. Mehlman Jan 1997

Health Care Cost Containment And Medical Technology: A Critique Of Waste Theory, Maxwell J. Mehlman

Faculty Publications

The high cost of health care has led to proposals to reduce wasteful medical technology under Medicare and other payment systems. Professor Mehlman warns that achieving this objective, while laudable in theory, is problematic because of the difficulties of defining, detecting and eliminating technology waste. A particular danger is that, in an effort to reduce waste, patients will be denied not only technologies that are wasteful from the patient's own perspective but technologies that yield net patient benefit. This risk is exacerbated by the Medicare prospective payment system, which rewards hospitals financially in inverse proportion to the amount of care …

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