Digital Commons Network^™

Magnetic Properties Of B Doped Mn-Ga-C Based Alloys, I. Dubenko, A. Oli, J. Duncan, A. Granovsky, R. Razhabov, M. Hill, Yu Koshkid'ko, S. Stadler, S. Talapatra, N. Ali

Faculty Publications

We present results on the structural and magnetic properties of the B-doped Mn60Ga20C20-xBx system with x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. A ball milling technique followed by pressing the components, and annealing under an ultra-high purity argon atmosphere for 2 h was employed to fabricate the samples. According to the XRD diffraction data, all samples can be described as single-phase compounds (i.e., the Mn3Ga cubic phase in the Pm–3 m space group) where impurity phases did not exceed 5 %. The compounds with x < 5 show similar physical behaviors as the parent, Mn3Ga2C2, which can be generally characterized by a low temperature transition from low to high magnetization states. High boron concentrations were found to completely suppress the antiferromagnetic state. The (x-TC) phase diagram at 10 K has been constructed and discussed. The magnetocaloric measurements result in magnetic entropy changes of 3.0 Jkg^-1k⁻¹ at 5 T and ΔTad by direct measurement of about …

Biochar-Based Materials As Remediation Strategy In Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil And Water: Performances, Mechanisms, And Environmental Impact, Zhuo Wei, Yi Wei, Yang Liu, Shuai Niu, Yaxi Xu, Jong Hwan Park, Jim J. Wang

Faculty Publications

Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment. Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials, have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment. The purpose of this paper is to review the performance, mechanisms, and potential environmental toxicity of biochar, modified biochar and its integration use with other materials in petroleum contaminated soil and water. Specifically, the use of biochar in oil-contaminated water and soil as well as the factors that could influence the removal ability of biochar were systematically evaluated. In addition, the modification and integrated use …

New Genera And Species Of Caulobacter And Brevundimonas Bacteriophages Provide Insights Into Phage Genome Evolution, Bert Ely, Michael Hils, Aaron Clarke, Maegan Albert, Nadia Holness, Jacob Lenski, Tannaz Mohammadi

Faculty Publications

Previous studies have identified diverse bacteriophages that infect Caulobacter vibrioides strain CB15 ranging from small RNA phages to four genera of jumbo phages. In this study, we focus on 20 bacteriophages whose genomes range from 40 to 60 kb in length. Genome comparisons indicated that these diverse phages represent six Caulobacter phage genera and one additional genus that includes both Caulobacter and Brevundimonas phages. Within species, comparisons revealed that both single base changes and inserted or deleted genetic material cause the genomes of closely related phages to diverge. Among genera, the basic gene order and the orientation of key genes …

Impacts Of Ride-Hailing On Energy And The Environment: A Systematic Review, Tamara L. Sheldon, Rubal Dua

Faculty Publications

Ride-hailing has expanded substantially around the globe over the last decade and is likely to be an integral part of future transportation systems. We perform a systematic review of the literature on energy and environmental impacts of ride-hailing. In general, empirical papers find that ride-hailing has increased congestion, vehicle miles traveled, and emissions. However, theoretical papers overwhelmingly point to the potential for energy and emissions reductions in a future with increased electrification and pooling. Future research addressing the gap between observed and predicted impacts is warranted.

Sedimentation Processes And Morphological Changes In A Dredge Pit And Surrounding Environment On Ship Shoal In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Adam Gartelman, Kehui Xu, Kanchan Maiti, Haoran Liu, Kelli Moran, Carol Wilson, Brian J. Roberts, James Nelson

Faculty Publications

The use of dredged material from continental shelves and estuaries for degraded barrier islands has become a common practice worldwide. South Pelto block on eastern Ship Shoal (SS) off the coast of Louisiana has been dredged for high-quality sand resources, including Caminada Dredge Pit (CDP) and multiple pits in East Timbalier borrow areas (ET) adjacent to CDP. To understand how these dredge pits change and sediments infill over time, multiple surveys were conducted, including bathymetry, sidescan sonar, subbottom CHIRP, and sediment samples were collected for grain size analysis. Although there is no nearby muddy sediment, sidescan and grain size data …

Guinea Pig Herpes Like Virus Is A Gamma Herpesvirus, Brent A. Stanfield, Emmanuelle Ruiz, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

Guinea Pig Herpes-Like Virus (GPHLV) is a virus isolated from leukemic guinea pigs with herpes virus-like morphology described by Hsiung and Kaplow in 1969. GPHLV transformed embryonic cells from Syrian hamsters or rats, which were tumorigenic in adult animals. Herein, we present the genomic sequence of GPHLV strain LK40 as a reference for future molecular analysis. GPHLV has a broad host tropism and replicates efficiently in Guinea pig, Cat, and Green African Monkey-derived cell lines. GPHLV has a GC content of 35.45%. The genome is predicted to encode at least 75 open-reading frames (ORFs) with 84% (63 ORFs) sharing homology …

Teenage Blues: Predictors Of Depression Among Adolescents In Nigeria, Adefunke Dadematthews, Chukwuemeka Nzeakah, Lucky Onofa, Oluwagbemiga Dadematthews, Temitope Ogundare

Faculty Publications

Background Depressive disorders, with a prevalence of 15-21%, are among the most common disorders in children and adolescents, and increases the risk of suicide, the second leading cause of death in children aged 10 to 19. Aim To determine the prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders among senior students attending secondary schools in Abeokuta. Method The study was conducted in five schools randomly selected from a representative sample and was carried out in 2 phases. In the first phase, students were selected via systematic random sampling and given consent forms and GHQ-12 to administer to the parents. In the second …

Impacts Of Extreme Weather Events On Mortgage Risks And Their Evolution Under Climate Change: A Case Study On Florida, Raffaella Calabrese, Timothy Dombrowski, Antoine Mandel, R. Kelley Pace, Luca Zanin

Faculty Publications

We develop an additive Cox proportional hazard model with time-varying covariates, including spatio-temporal characteristics of weather events, to study the impact of weather extremes (heavy rains and tropical cyclones) on the probability of mortgage default and prepayment. We compare the survival model with a flexible logistic model and an extreme gradient boosting algorithm. We estimate the models on a portfolio of mortgages in Florida, consisting of 69,046 loans and 3,707,831 loan-month observations with localization data at the five-digit ZIP code level. We find a statistically significant and non-linear impact of tropical cyclone intensity on default as well as a significant …

Building Better Writing Skills In Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders: About The Special Series, Paul Mooney, Joseph B. Ryan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Wind On The Stability Of Explosive Eruption Plumes, Tyler Paladino, Shannon Kobs Nawotniak, Bryan Nicholson, Suniti Karunatillake

Faculty Publications

Explosive volcanic eruptions can produce eruption plumes and pyroclastic density currents that can severely damage life and property. While many factors influence eruption plume stability, including mass eruption rate, grain size distribution, and environmental factors, the role of wind is complicated, with evidence for wind as both a stabilizing and destabilizing factor. Here we use the Active Tracer High-resolution Atmospheric Model (ATHAM) to simulate 980 plumes with differing eruptive parameters, atmospheric profiles, and wind conditions to isolate how and when wind can lead to column collapse. We analyze these simulations via a novel method that provides stability percentage via an …

Exploring Nontraditional Lstm Architectures For Modeling Demethanizer Column Operations, Marta Mandis, Roberto Baratti, Jorge Chebeir, Stefania Tronci, José A. Romagnoli

Faculty Publications

Digital twins have recently attracted attention as a new technology that can facilitate the digital transformation of process industries. It may provide live, or near real-time, information and insights into the process and may be used for monitoring, control and optimization purposes. In this study, a digital twin has been developed for modelling the demethanizer column of a NGL separation plant. Based on a non-conventional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network arrangement, the surrogate model has been trained and validated using data obtained by the process simulator Aspen HYSYS®. Model prediction can be obtained using only readily available variables as …

Theoretical Boundaries Of Annual Flood Risk For Single-Family Homes Within The 100-Year Floodplain, Ayat Al Assi, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz, Carol J. Friedland, Robert V. Rohli

Faculty Publications

Special flood hazard areas (SFHAs), defined as having an annual probability of occurrence of 1 percent or above, are used by U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to demarcate areas within which flood insurance purchase is required to secure a mortgage. However, quantifying flood risk within SFHAs can be challenging due to the lack of modeled flood depth data for all return periods. To address this issue, this research quantifies flood risk indicated by average annual loss (AAL) within the A Zone—the subset of the SFHA where wave heights can potentially range from 0 to 3 feet. The methodology resolves …

Revisiting The Federal Circuit En Banc, Ryan Vacca

Faculty Publications

The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ("Federal Circuit") holds exclusive jurisdiction over patent appeals and plays a vital role in shaping patent law and policy in the United States. Since its inception in 1982, the Federal Circuit has used en bane review as a crucial method to develop patent law and policy. Until recently, the court had been a model for en bane review by frequently hearing patent cases en bane, addressing important questions for a wide range of stakeholders in the patent system, and freely inviting amici to participate in the en bane process. Through …

Collaboration - The Name Of The Game, Katherine Thonen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Likely Common Coronal Source Of Solar Wind And 3he-Enriched Energetic Particles: Uncoupled Transport From The Low Corona To 0.2 Au, D G. Mitchell, M E. Hill, D J. Mccomas, C M S Cohen, Nathan A. Schwadron, P S. Mostafavi, W H. Matthaeus, N E. Raouafi, S T. Al-Nussirat, D E. Larson, A Rahmati, J C. Kasper, P L. Whittlesey, R Livi, S D. Bale, M Pulupa, J Giacalone, R L. Mcnutt, E R. Christian, M E. Wiedenbeck, T Sharma

Faculty Publications

Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations of a small dispersive event on 2022 February 27 and 28 indicate scatter-free propagation as the dominant transport mechanism between the low corona and greater than 35 solar radii. The event occurred during unique orbital conditions that prevailed along specific flux tubes that PSP encountered repeatedly between 25 and 35 Rs during outbound orbit 11. This segment of the PSP orbit exhibits almost stationary angular motion relative to the rotating solar surface, such that in the rotating frame, PSP’s motion is essentially radial. The time dispersion often observed in impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events …

On The Origin Of The Sudden Heliospheric Open Magnetic Flux Enhancement During The 2014 Pole Reversal, Stephan G. Heinemann, Mathew J. Owens, Manuela Temmer, James A. Turtle, Charles N. Arge, Carl J. Henney, Jens Pomoell, Eleanna Asvestari, Jon A. Linker, Cooper Downs, Ronald M. Caplan, Stefan J. Hofmeister, Camilla Scolini, Rui F. Pinto, Maria S. Madjarska

Faculty Publications

Coronal holes are recognized as the primary sources of heliospheric open magnetic flux (OMF). However, a noticeable gap exists between in situ measured OMF and that derived from remote-sensing observations of the Sun. In this study, we investigate the OMF evolution and its connection to solar structures throughout 2014, with special emphasis on the period from September to October, where a sudden and significant OMF increase was reported. By deriving the OMF evolution at 1 au, modeling it at the source surface, and analyzing solar photospheric data, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the observed phenomenon. First, we establish a …

The Association Of Neighborhood And Family Factors With Child Flourishing And Wellbeing, Ngozi V. Enelamah, Melissa L. Villodas, Andrew Foell, Margaret Lombe, Chrisann Newransky, Mansoo Yu, Von Nebbitt

Faculty Publications

This study investigated the association of child household and neighborhood features such as neighborhood safety, neighborhood amenities, and neighborhood support on a child’s flourishing, mental health and school engagement.

Likely Common Coronal Source Of Solar Wind And 3he-Enriched Energetic Particles: Uncoupled Transport From The Low Corona To 0.2 Au, D G. Mitchell, M E. Hill, D J. Mccomas, C M S Cohen, Nathan A. Schwadron, P S. Mostafavi, W H. Matthaeus, N E. Raouafi, S T. Al-Nussirat, D E. Larson, A Rahmati, J C. Kasper, P L. Whittlesey, R Livi, S D. Bale, M Pulupa, J Giacalone, R L. Mcnutt, E R. Christian, M E. Wiedenbeck, T Sharma

Faculty Publications

Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations of a small dispersive event on 2022 February 27 and 28 indicate scatter-free propagation as the dominant transport mechanism between the low corona and greater than 35 solar radii. The event occurred during unique orbital conditions that prevailed along specific flux tubes that PSP encountered repeatedly between 25 and 35 Rs during outbound orbit 11. This segment of the PSP orbit exhibits almost stationary angular motion relative to the rotating solar surface, such that in the rotating frame, PSP’s motion is essentially radial. The time dispersion often observed in impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events …

On The Origin Of The Sudden Heliospheric Open Magnetic Flux Enhancement During The 2014 Pole Reversal, Stephan G. Heinemann, Mathew J. Owens, Manuela Temmer, James A. Turtle, Charles N. Arge, Carl J. Henney, Jens Pomoell, Eleanna Asvestari, Jon A. Linker, Cooper Downs, Ronald M. Caplan, Stefan J. Hofmeister, Camilla Scolini, Rui F. Pinto, Maria S. Madjarska

Faculty Publications

Coronal holes are recognized as the primary sources of heliospheric open magnetic flux (OMF). However, a noticeable gap exists between in situ measured OMF and that derived from remote-sensing observations of the Sun. In this study, we investigate the OMF evolution and its connection to solar structures throughout 2014, with special emphasis on the period from September to October, where a sudden and significant OMF increase was reported. By deriving the OMF evolution at 1 au, modeling it at the source surface, and analyzing solar photospheric data, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the observed phenomenon. First, we establish a …

The Brady Database, Brandon L. Garrett, Adam M. Gershowitz, Jennifer Teitcher

Faculty Publications

The Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Brady v. Maryland turns sixty this year. The Brady doctrine, which requires the government to disclose favorable and material evidence to the defendant, is one of the most frequently litigated criminal procedure issues. Yet, despite decades of Brady cases in federal and state courts, we still know relatively little about how Brady claims are litigated, adjudicated, and what such claims can tell us about the criminal justice system writ large. Scholars are in the dark about how often Brady violations occur, whether it is primarily the fault of prosecutors or the police, whether violations …

Contagion. Ftx, A Sector's Crisis & Crypto's Silent Victims, Lev E. Breydo

Faculty Publications

Late 2022 was crypto’s Minsky moment, characterized by wholesale sector collapse and over a dozen major bankruptcies, including FTX’s implosion. For millions of investors, it was the worst of all worlds, combining the frenetic contagion of 2008 with consumer protections most reminiscent of the Panic of 1907.

While the industry’s challenges are often attributed to the nature of crypto itself, the true root cause reflects a fundamental category error. This Article’s comprehensive market taxonomy identifies as the sector’s nexus of risk entities it terms “Crypto Platforms,” like FTX. Crypto Platforms are essentially financial institutions – a cauldron of externalities subject …

Holding Aggressors Responsible For International Crimes: Implementing The Unequal Enforcement Doctrine, Nancy Amoury Combs

Faculty Publications

It is a fundamental tenet of the laws of war that they apply equally to all parties to a conflict. For this reason, a party such as Russia — that illegally launches a war — benefits from all the same rights as a party such as Ukraine — that is forced to defend against the illegal aggression. Countless philosophers have shown that this so-called equal application doctrine is morally indefensible because defenders should have more rights and fewer responsibilities than aggressors. Legal scholars continue to support the equal application doctrine, however, because they reasonably fear that applying different rules to …

The Real Wrongs Of Icwa, James G. Dwyer

Faculty Publications

Haaland v. Brackeen rejected federalism-based challenges to the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) but signaled receptivity to future challenges based on individual rights. The adult-focused rights claims presented in Haaland, however, miss the mark of what is truly problematic about ICWA. This Article presents an in-depth, children’s-rights based critique of the Act, explaining how it violates a fundamental right against state exertion of power over central aspects of persons’ private lives to their detriment for illicit purposes. In fact, the Act’s defenders are complicit in the same sort of government violence that motivated ICWA’s enactment—erasing aspects of children’s heritage …

Are Employee Noncompete Agreements Coercive? Why The Ftc's Wrong Answer Disqualifies It From Rulemaking (For Now), Alan J. Meese

Faculty Publications

The Federal Trade Commission recently proposed a rule banning nearly all employee noncompete agreements (“NCAs”) as unfair methods of competition under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act. The proposed rule reflects two complementary pillars of an aggressive new enforcement agenda championed by Commission Chair Lina Khan, a leading voice in the Neo-Brandeisian antitrust movement. First, such a rule depends on the assumption, rejected by most prior Commissions, that the Act empowers the Commission to issue legislative rules. Proceeding by rulemaking is essential, the Commission has said, to fight a “hyperconcentrated economy” that injures employees and consumers alike. Second, …

Ministry And Artificial Intelligence, Rogelio Paquini

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Soil Incubation Methods Lead To Large Differences In Inferred Methane Production Temperature Sensitivity, Zhen Li, Robert F. Grant, Kuang-Yu Chang, Suzanne B. Hodgkins, Jinyun Tang, Alexandra Cory, Zelalem A. Mekonnen, Scott R. Saleska, Eoin L. Brodie, Ruth K. Varner, Virginia I. Rich, Rachel M. Wilson, Jeff P. Chanton, Patrick Crill, William J. Riley

Faculty Publications

Quantifying the temperature sensitivity of methane (CH4) production is crucial for predicting how wetland ecosystems will respond to climate warming. Typically, the temperature sensitivity (often quantified as a Q10 value) is derived from laboratory incubation studies and then used in biogeochemical models. However, studies report wide variation in incubation-inferred Q10 values, with a large portion of this variation remaining unexplained. Here we applied observations in a thawing permafrost peatland (Stordalen Mire) and a well-tested process-rich model (ecosys) to interpret incubation observations and investigate controls on inferred CH4 production temperature sensitivity. We developed a field-storage-incubation modeling approach to mimic the full …

Patterns Of Comorbidity Of Developmental & Behavioral Problems Among Children In One Family: Impact On Parental Decisions & Need For Services, Ngozi V. Enelamah, Melissa L. Villodas, Andrew Foell, Mansoo Yu, Margaret Lombe, Chrisann Newransky, Von Nebbitt

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reliable Identification Of Binary Supermassive Black Holes From Rubin Observatory Time-Domain Monitoring, Megan C. Davis, Kaylee E. Grace, Jonathan R. Trump, Jessie C. Runnoe, Amelia Henkel, Laura Blecha, W N. Brandt, J Andrew Casey-Clyde, Maria Charisi, Caitlin A. Witt

Faculty Publications

Periodic signatures in time-domain observations of quasars have been used to search for binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs). These searches, across existing time-domain surveys, have produced several hundred candidates. The general stochastic variability of quasars, however, can masquerade as a false-positive periodic signal, especially when monitoring cadence and duration are limited. In this work, we predict the detectability of binary SMBHs in the upcoming Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). We apply computationally inexpensive sinusoidal curve fits to millions of simulated LSST Deep Drilling Field light curves of both single, isolated quasars and binary quasars. The period …

Universal Design For Learning (Udl)- Strategies For Engaging Rural Youth Co-Researchers With Informal Stem Learning, Amanda Bastoni, Jayson Seaman, Andrew D. Coppens, Cindy Hartman, Kate Moscouver, Courtnie Lachaine

Faculty Publications

This article describes methods and findings from a study focused on youth living in rural communities in northern New Hampshire who struggle with accessing STEM learning opportunities for reasons including economic underinvestment and geographical isolation. These challenges also negatively impact researchers hoping to learn how rural youth benefit from informal STEM learning experiences, which contribute to low-project participation and retention rates. As in other amenity-rich rural areas, the communities in this study are promoting outdoor recreation as a vehicle for economic development. We wanted to understand if outdoor recreation activities tied to economic growth initiatives — activities which youth have …

Soil Incubation Methods Lead To Large Differences In Inferred Methane Production Temperature Sensitivity, Zhen Li, Robert F. Grant, Kuang-Yu Chang, Suzanne B. Hodgkins, Jinyun Tang, Alexandra Cory, Zelalem A. Mekonnen, Scott R. Saleska, Eoin L. Brodie, Ruth K. Varner, Virginia I. Rich, Rachel M. Wilson, Jeff P. Chanton, Patrick Crill, William J. Riley

Faculty Publications

Quantifying the temperature sensitivity of methane (CH4) production is crucial for predicting how wetland ecosystems will respond to climate warming. Typically, the temperature sensitivity (often quantified as a Q10 value) is derived from laboratory incubation studies and then used in biogeochemical models. However, studies report wide variation in incubation-inferred Q10 values, with a large portion of this variation remaining unexplained. Here we applied observations in a thawing permafrost peatland (Stordalen Mire) and a well-tested process-rich model (ecosys) to interpret incubation observations and investigate controls on inferred CH4 production temperature sensitivity. We developed a field-storage-incubation modeling approach to mimic the full …