Digital Commons Network^™

Macintosh Type / Creator Codes: Improving Identification Of Files From Macos Classic, Tyler Thorsted

Faculty Publications

Working with Macintosh files from the 1980 to early 2000’s can be challenging as they are often on difficult to access disks, unique encoding, have resource forks, and often don’t use extensions. Identification of files from a Macintosh formatted disk can be accomplished with identification methods such as PRONOM, but what if those standard methods come up empty or are misleading? This paper investigates a method of identification which can provide better results compared to existing methods. The Macintosh operating system used special extended attribute codes to not only identify the file type, but also the original creating application. Called …

Shifting Baselines: Visualizing Climate Change In America’S National Parks, Lee Lines

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Addressing The Gender Wage Gap For Native American Women, Danielle Digrazia, Ann C. Juliano

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Twisted Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex Beams In Dispersive Media, Milo W. Hyde Iv

Faculty Publications

We derive a closed-form expression for the mutual coherence function (MCF) of a twisted spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) beam after propagating a distance in a linear dispersive medium. A twisted STOV beam is a partially coherent optical field that possesses a coherent STOV and a stochastic twist coupling its space and time dimensions. These beams belong to a special class of space–time-coupled light fields that carry transverse (to the direction of propagation) orbital angular momentum, making them potentially useful in numerous applications including quantum optics, optical manipulation, and optical communications. After presenting the derivation, we validate our new general MCF …

Question Mark In Landia, Jane L. Saffitz

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Predicting Poor Mental Health Among Older Syrian Refugees In Lebanon During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Nested Cross-Sectional Study, Berthe Abi Zeid, Leen Farouki, Tanya El Khoury, Abla M. Sibai, Carlos Mendes F. De Leon, Marwan F. Alawieh, Zeinab Ramadan, Sawsan Abdulrahim, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Stephen J. Mccall

Faculty Publications

Background: Post-term pregnancy, defined as reaching or exceeding 42 + 0 weeks of gestation, is known to be associated with unfavourable birth outcomes. High-income countries have responded to this risk by widely adopting labour induction protocols in late-term, but many low- and middle-income countries have not. However, understanding underlying mechanisms linking post-term births to adverse newborn and infant outcomes remains limited.

Objective:To investigate the (a) prevalence of post-term, (b) the risk factors associated with post-term (c) the association between post-term births and the risk of smallfor-gestational-age (SGA) neonates and of infant mortality in middle-income settings.

Methods:We used existing …

Association Between Seated Trunk Control And Cortical Sensorimotor White Matter Brain Changes In Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain, John R. Gilliam, Pradeep K. Sahu, Jennifer M.C. Vendemia, Sheri P. Silfies

Faculty Publications

Trunk control involves integration of sensorimotor information in the brain. Individuals with chronic low back pain (cLBP) have impaired trunk control and show differences in brain structure and function in sensorimotor areas compared with healthy controls (HC). However, the relationship between brain structure and trunk control in this group is not well understood. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare seated trunk control and sensorimotor white matter (WM) structure in people with cLBP and HC and explore relationships between WM properties and trunk control in each group. Thirty-two people with cLBP and 35 HC were tested sitting on an unstable chair …

Vibrational Study Of Co, O2, And H2 Adsorbed On The Cocrfeni (110) High Entropy Alloy Surface, Frank Mckay, Andrew N. Okafor, David P. Young, Ye Xu, Phillip T. Sprunger

Faculty Publications

The vibrational properties of CO, O2, and H2 molecularly or dissociatively adsorbed on a CoCrFeNi(110) surface have been probed using high-resolution energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and modeled using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Large (∼20 mm3) single-crystal, quaternary face-centered cubic CoCrFeNi was synthesized via a modified Czochralski technique. We show strong evidence that CO adsorbs primarily on bridge and on-top sites in compositionally varied local environments, which reflect the random, multielemental surface composition inherent in a high entropy alloy. A variation of adsorption sites is also found with oxygen, which exhibits two broad groups of modes. Comparison to previous photoemission …

Addressing Strain And Porosity Changes Of Battery Electrodes Due To Reversible Expansion Through Dem Simulations, Hunter Teel, Taylor R. Garrick, Srikant Srinivasan, Fengkun Wang, Yangbing Zeng, Sirivatch Shimpalee

Faculty Publications

In this work, discrete element method (DEM) simulations were used to probe changes in electrode porosity, electrode strain, and the resultant pressure changes for composite electrodes comprised of active material and binder particles. Through the results acquired by these simulations, three cases that are representative of two limiting cases for electrode operation, and one case for realistic electrode face pressure during operation were captured and the implications on design and performance are discussed. Predicting changes in the porosity is a unique insight that is difficult if not impossible to capture experimentally but is important for predicting changes in electrochemical performance …

Continuing Education For Directors Of Public Companies, Jennifer O'Hare

Faculty Publications

Directors of public companies are responsible for overseeing complex organizations in a rapidly changing business environment, but they are not required to engage in continuing education. This creates a danger that directors will not have the knowledge they need to meet the significant demands of overseeing public companies. To address this, public companies should adopt mandatory continuing education policies for their boards, and the Securities and Exchange Commission should require public companies to disclose basic information about their continuing education programs in their proxy statements.

This is the first scholarly article to address the issue of mandatory continuing education for …

Conceptualizing Space Environmental Sustainability, Weiwei Mo, Brad L. Kinsey, John Vickers, Henry Helvajian, Ioana Cozmuta, Marissa Herron, Ajay Malshe

Faculty Publications

Recent advancements have significantly enhanced the capabilities for in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (ISAM), to develop infrastructure in orbit and on the surface of celestial bodies. This progress is a departure from the traditional sustainability paradigm focused solely on Earth, highlighting the urgent need to define and operationalize the concept of “space sustainability” along with the development of an evaluation framework. The expansion of human activity into space, particularly in low-earth orbit, cis-lunar space, and beyond, underscores the critical importance of considering sustainability implications. Leveraging space resources offers economic growth and sustainable development opportunities, while reducing pressure on Earth’s ecosystems. …

Conceptualizing Space Environmental Sustainability, Weiwei Mo, Brad L. Kinsey, John Vickers, Henry Helvajian, Ioana Cozmuta, Marissa Herron, Ajay Malshe

Faculty Publications

Recent advancements have significantly enhanced the capabilities for in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (ISAM), to develop infrastructure in orbit and on the surface of celestial bodies. This progress is a departure from the traditional sustainability paradigm focused solely on Earth, highlighting the urgent need to define and operationalize the concept of “space sustainability” along with the development of an evaluation framework. The expansion of human activity into space, particularly in low-earth orbit, cis-lunar space, and beyond, underscores the critical importance of considering sustainability implications. Leveraging space resources offers economic growth and sustainable development opportunities, while reducing pressure on Earth’s ecosystems. …

Neuronal Injury Model Divulges Differences In Dendrite And Axonal Function And Regeneration In Adults, Lauren S. Vaughn, Jinyoung Lee

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Review On The Effectiveness Of Brain-Breaks® Video Programming On Academic Performance And Physical Activity Of School Children, Garry Kuan, Ming Kai Chin, Yee Cheng Kueh, Abdulwali Sabo, Magdalena Mo Ching Mok, Govindasamy Balasekaran, Yu Kai Chang, Christopher R. Edginton, Ian Culpan, Biljana Popeska, J. Larry Durstine

Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study aimed to complete a systematic review of the effect of the Brain Breaks® video program on academic performance and health-related outcomes among schoolchildren. Methods: A literature search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to identify published manuscripts from December 2017 to December 2023. Dissertations, theses, monographs, and commentaries were excluded from this review. Results: A total of 15 studies were included in the review. Most studies applied quasi-experimental design and were conducted in Asia and Europe with children. Nine of these studies found that Brain Breaks® improved students' attitudes toward physical activity …

Improvement Of Single-Crystal Structures Of Very Heavy Element Compounds By Refining Anomalous Dispersion Parameters, Florian Meurer, Gregory Morrison, Birgit Hischa, Hans Conrad Zur Loye, Christoph Hennig, Michael Bodensteiner

Faculty Publications

Refining the anomalous dispersion parameters of the four uranium compounds NaUF5, NaU2F9, Cs2(UO2)TiO4, and Cs2(UO2)Ti2O6 gave insights into the crystallographic model improvement of very heavy atoms. We found that the values for the dispersive and absorptive parts, f′ and f″, closely followed the X-ray absorption spectra on their L3, L2, and L1 edges. The obtained values are sensitive to the chemical environment at each crystallographically independent position. An incorrect treatment of the anomalous dispersion correction can lead to a wrong crystallographic model. The above-mentioned, already published structures were improved by this process. General guidelines were given for the crystal structure …

Utilisation Of The Site Assessment Energy Indices For Aquaculture In Exposed Waters: Biology, Technology, Operations And Maintenance, Kevin G. Heasman, Tyler Sclodnick, Nils Goseberg, Nicholas Scott, Michael Chambers, Tobias Dewhurst, Samuel Rickerich, Heidi Moe Føre, Bela H. Buck

Faculty Publications

When moving from a very sheltered aquaculture site to a very exposed oceanic aquaculture site, the energy increases proportionally in a continuum. Lojek et al. (in review) considered the primary influential parameters (water current, wave height, wave period, wavelength and water depth) which influence the species, structure, technology, methods, and operational aspects of any aquaculture endeavour and investigated six possible indices which cover these variables. Added to advanced computer modelling, assisted by detailed and constant environmental monitoring, it may be possible to refine site selection, structure selection and design, species selection, equipment and logistic requirements and health and safety requirements. …

Observations Of Low And Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars With The Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer, Herman L. Marshall, Ioannis Liodakis, Alan P. Marscher, Niccolò Di Lalla, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Dawoon E. Kim, Riccardo Middei, Michela Negro, Nicola Omodei, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Simonetta Puccetti, Marco Laurenti, Iván Agudo, Giacomo Bonnoli, Andrei V. Berdyugin, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, Immacolata Donnarumma, Laura Di Gesu, Jenni Jormanainen, Henric Krawczynski, Elina Lindfors, Greg Madjeski, Frédéric Marin, Francesco Massaro, Luigi Pacciani, Juri Poutanen, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Pouya M. Kouch, Francisco José Aceituno, Maria I. Bernardos, Víctor Casanova, Maya García-Comas, Beatriz Agís-González, César Husillos, Alessandro Marchini, Alfredo Sota, Dmitry Blinov, Ioakeim G. Bourbah, Sebastian Kielhmann, Evangelos Kontopodis, Nikos Mandarakas, Stylianos Romanopoulos, Raphael Skalidis, Anna Vervelaki, George A. Borman, Evgenia N. Kopatskaya, Elena G. Larionova, Daria A. Morozova, Sergey S. Savchenko, Andrey A. Vasilyev, Alexey V. Zhovtan, Carolina Casadio, Juan Escudero, Joana Kramer, Ioannis Myserlis, Efthalia Trainou, Ryo Imazawa, Mahito Sasada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Koji S. Kawabata, Makoto Uemura, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Tatsuya Nakaoka, Hiroshi Akitaya, Joseph R. Masiero, Dimitri Mawet, Georgia V. Panopoulou, Samaporn Tinyanont, Masato Kagitani, Vadim Kravtsov, Takeshi Sakanoi, Matthew Dattolo, Mark Gurwell, Garrett Keating, Ramprasad Rao, Whee Yeon Cheong, Hyeon-Woo Jeong, Sincheol Kang, Sang-Hyun Kim, Sang-Sung Lee, Emmanouil Angelakis, Alexander Kraus, Antonio Hales, Seiji Kameno, Ruediger Kneissl, Hugo Messias, Hiroshi Nagai, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccolò Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, Chen-Ting Chen, Stefano Ciprini, Enrico Costa, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Alessandro Di Marco, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovčiak, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Javier A. Garcia, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl, Wataru Iwakiri, Philip Kaaret, Vladimir Karas, Fabian Kislat

Faculty Publications

We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%–30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context …

Exploring Forgiveness Through Theologically Informed Education: Lessons From Judaism, Yitzhak Ben Yair, Sarel Ohayon, Natti Ronel, Suzanne Freedman

Faculty Publications

Education serves as the primary line of defense against crime and other psychological difficulties. Children exposed to adversity and emotional challenges may be susceptible to various risks, potentially leading to criminal activities. Forgiveness has been demonstrated as a healing influence in the lives of individuals who have experienced hurt and accumulated negative emotions due to life events. Understanding forgiveness from a young age, in both theory and practice, may facilitate improved relationships and psychological well-being. This article underscores the significance of forgiveness education, advocating for a culturally and theologically sensitive approach. In this article we will offer an example of …

Extended Cyclotron Resonant Heating Of The Turbulent Solar Wind, Trevor A. Bowen, Ivan Y. Vasko, Stuart D. Bale, Benjamin D G Chandran, Alexandros Chasapis, Thierry Dudok De Wit, Alfred Mallet, Michael Mcmanus, Romain Meyrand, Marc Pulupa, Jonathan Squire

Faculty Publications

Circularly polarized, nearly parallel propagating waves are prevalent in the solar wind at ion-kinetic scales. At these scales, the spectrum of turbulent fluctuations in the solar wind steepens, often called the transition range, before flattening at sub-ion scales. Circularly polarized waves have been proposed as a mechanism to couple electromagnetic fluctuations to ion gyromotion, enabling ion-scale dissipation that results in observed ion-scale steepening. Here we study Parker Solar Probe observations of an extended stream of fast solar wind ranging from ∼15 to 55 R ⊙. We demonstrate that, throughout the stream, transition range steepening at ion scales is associated with …

Extended Cyclotron Resonant Heating Of The Turbulent Solar Wind, Trevor A. Bowen, Ivan Y. Vasko, Stuart D. Bale, Benjamin D G Chandran, Alexandros Chasapis, Thierry Dudok De Wit, Alfred Mallet, Michael Mcmanus, Romain Meyrand, Marc Pulupa, Jonathan Squire

Faculty Publications

Circularly polarized, nearly parallel propagating waves are prevalent in the solar wind at ion-kinetic scales. At these scales, the spectrum of turbulent fluctuations in the solar wind steepens, often called the transition range, before flattening at sub-ion scales. Circularly polarized waves have been proposed as a mechanism to couple electromagnetic fluctuations to ion gyromotion, enabling ion-scale dissipation that results in observed ion-scale steepening. Here we study Parker Solar Probe observations of an extended stream of fast solar wind ranging from ∼15 to 55 R ⊙. We demonstrate that, throughout the stream, transition range steepening at ion scales is associated with …

Achieving Destination Sustainability: How Tourist-To-Tourist Interaction Quality Affects Tourist Loyalty?, Junli Gao, Fang Meng Ph.D., Weifeng Guo, Baomin Lin

Faculty Publications

Although tourist-to-tourist interaction (TTI) has been identified as an essential element in tourist experiences, the effect of TTI quality on tourist loyalty, and the mechanism underlying this effect is scarcely discussed in the literature. Based on the self-determination theory, this study aims to examine whether and how TTI quality influences tourist loyalty, representing a significant means to achieve destination sustainability. More specifically, this study tested a moderated mediation model in which basic psychological needs satisfaction mediated the relationship between TTI quality and tourist loyalty, while sociability moderated the link between TTI quality and basic psychological needs satisfaction. A survey research …

Quantifying The Impact Of Microstructure Variation On Charging Capability In Lithium-Ion Batteries, Hunter Teel, Taylor R. Garrick, Mitchell A. Sepe, Joseph S. Lopata, Srikant Srinivasan, Fengkun Wang, Yangbing Zeng, Sirivatch Shimpalee

Faculty Publications

Through the use of electrochemical simulations, variation in the local onset of lithium plating can be predicted and used to set charging guidelines to reduce the risk of lithium plating. The pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model is typically used for capturing this behavior; however, it only provides a global lithium plating onset estimate and does not consider the local variation. With material properties translated to an average continuum value, the P2D model can simulate rapid charge and capture global onset of lithium plating. However, this model lacks the ability to resolve localized behaviors across individual components due to local non-uniformities. Our three-dimensional …

The Politics Of Heritage And Indigeneity In Assam: Hindutva’S Regional Expression, Tahmina Rahman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Open-Loop Wavefront Sensing In The Presence Of Speckle And Weak Scintillation, Derek J. Burrell, Mark F. Spencer, Ronald G. Driggers

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we show that speckle averaging helps to reduce the measurement error associated with a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS); however, this reduction is rendered ineffective with increasing beacon anisoplanatism. We do so operating in a weak-scintillation regime, where the SHWFS offers robust performance, and using in-plane translation of the illuminated rough surface to accomplish frame-to-frame speckle diversity. Understanding these trade-space limitations is critical when performing wavefront sensing with noncooperative, extended-source beacons.

Trends In Hot Carrier Distribution For Disordered Noble-Transition Metal Alloys, Eklavya Thareja, Kevin M. Mcpeak, Phillip T. Sprunger, Ilya Vekhter, William A. Shelton

Faculty Publications

We developed and tested an approach for predicting trends for efficient hot carrier generation among disordered metal alloys. We provide a simple argument for the importance of indirect transitions in the presence of disorder, thus justifying the use of joint density of states (JDOS)-like quantities for exploring these trends. We introduce a new JDOS-like quantity, JDOSK , which heuristically accounts for longer lifetimes of quasiparticles close to the Fermi energy. To demonstrate the efficacy of this new quantity, we apply it to the study of Cu50X50 where X = Ag, Au, Pd and Y50Pd50 where Y = Au, Ni. We …

Photoactivated Cyclic Polyphthalaldehyde Microcapsules For Payload Delivery, Youngsu Shin, Jared M. Schwartz, Anthony C. Engler, Brad Jones, Oleg Davydovich, Paul A. Kohl

Faculty Publications

Microcapsules with a cyclic polyphthalaldehyde (cPPA) shell and oil core were fabricated by an emulsification process. The low ceiling temperature cPPA shell was made phototriggerable by incorporating a photoacid generator (PAG). Photoactivation of the PAG created a strong acid which catalyzed cPPA depolymerization, resulting in the release of the core payload, as quantified by 1H NMR. The high molecular weight cPPA (197 kDa) yielded uniform spherical microcapsules. The core diameter was 24.8 times greater than the cPPA shell thickness (2.4 to 21.6 μm). Nonionic bis(cyclohexylsulfonyl)diazomethane (BCSD) and N-hydroxynaphthalimide triflate (HNT) PAGs were used as the PAG in the microcapsule shells. …

Multiscale Characterization Of Dislocation Development During Cyclic Bending Under Tension In Commercially Pure Titanium, Nathan Miller, Nicholas Pitkin, Talukder Musfika Tasnim Oishi, Desmond Mensah, Marko Knezevic, Michael Miles, David Fullwood

Faculty Publications

Continuous bending under tension (CBT) has been shown to increase room temperature elongation-to-failure in various sheet metals beyond that of simple tension. A greater understanding of deformation mechanisms in CBT would allow for its elongation-enhancing effects to be more fully exploited, creating potential for new forming strategies. CBT-induced cyclic bending/unbending stresses combined with applied macroscopic tensile stresses create complex through-thickness stress profiles, where differing hardening behavior is expected near the surfaces compared with the middle of the sheet. This work uses high resolution electron backscatter diffraction characterization of geometrically necessary dislocation density together with X-ray diffraction-based evaluations of total dislocation …

Brain-Hand Function Relationships Based On Level Of Grasp Function In Chronic Left-Hemisphere Stroke, Elizabeth Rizor

Faculty Publications

Background and Objective

The biomarkers of hand function may differ based on level of motor impairment after stroke. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between resting state functional connectivity (RsFC) and unimanual contralesional hand function after stroke and whether brain-behavior relationships differ based on level of grasp function.

Methods

Sixty-two individuals with chronic, left-hemisphere stroke were separated into three functional levels based on Box and Blocks Test performance with the contralesional hand: Low (moved 0 blocks), Moderate (moved >0% but < 90% of blocks relative to the ipsilesional hand), and High (moved ≥90% of blocks relative to the ipsilesional hand).

Results

RsFC in the ipsilesional and interhemispheric motor networks was reduced in the Low group compared …

Performance Of Gfrp-Confined Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite Columns, Mahmoud T. Nawar, Mohamed Selim, Mahmoud Zaglal, Ayman El-Zohairy

Faculty Publications

In coastal regions, the deterioration of structures and bridges due to environmental conditions and corrosion is a significant concern. To combat these issues, the use of corrosion-resistant materials like fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) materials, engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), and rubberized ECCs (RECC) shows promise as normal concrete (NC) alternatives by providing increased ductility and energy absorption properties. The effectiveness of confining concrete columns using GFRP tubes with ECC/RECC was assessed in this research by evaluating their performance through compression and push-out tests. The study explored key parameters such as GFRP tube thickness and the presence of shear connectors along the tube …

Long-Range White Matter Fibres And Post-Stroke Verbal And Non-Verbal Cognition, Rebecca W. Roth, Deena Schwen Blackett, Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht, Janina Wilmskoetter, Chris Rorden, Roger Newman-Norlund, Souvik Sen, Julius Fridriksson Ph.D., Natalie Busby, Leonardo Bonilha

Faculty Publications

Among stroke survivors, linguistic and non-linguistic impairments exhibit substantial inter-individual variability. Stroke lesion volume and location do not sufficiently explain outcomes, and the neural mechanisms underlying the severity of aphasia or non-verbal cognitive deficits remain inadequately understood. Converging evidence supports the idea that white matter is particularly susceptible to ischaemic injury, and long-range fibres are commonly associated with verbal and non-verbal function. Here, we investigated the relationship among post-stroke aphasia severity, cognition, and white matter integrity. Eighty-seven individuals in the chronic stage of stroke underwent diffusion MRI and behavioural testing, including language and cognitive measures. We used whole-brain structural connectomes …