Digital Commons Network^™

Variations Of Aquaculture Structures, Operations, And Maintenance With Increasing Ocean Energy, Kevin G. Heasman, Nicholas Scott, Tyler Sclodnick, Michael Chambers, Barry Costa-Pierce, Tobias Dewhurst, Wolf Isbert, Bela H. Buck

Faculty Publications

Aquaculture in exposed and/or distant ocean sites is an emerging industry and field of study that addresses the need to improve food security along with the challenges posed by expansion of urban and coastal stakeholders into nearshore and sheltered marine waters. This move necessitates innovative solutions for this industry to thrive in high-energy environments. Some innovative research has increased understanding of the physics, hydrodynamics, and structural requirements enabling the development of appropriate systems. The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), the New Zealand green shell or green lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), and the Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas), are the primary targets for …

Variations Of Aquaculture Structures, Operations, And Maintenance With Increasing Ocean Energy, Kevin G. Heasman, Nicholas Scott, Tyler Sclodnick, Michael Chambers, Barry Costa-Pierce, Tobias Dewhurst, Wolf Isbert, Bela H. Buck

Faculty Publications

Aquaculture in exposed and/or distant ocean sites is an emerging industry and field of study that addresses the need to improve food security along with the challenges posed by expansion of urban and coastal stakeholders into nearshore and sheltered marine waters. This move necessitates innovative solutions for this industry to thrive in high-energy environments. Some innovative research has increased understanding of the physics, hydrodynamics, and structural requirements enabling the development of appropriate systems. The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), the New Zealand green shell or green lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), and the Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas), are the primary targets for …

The Impact Of Film Cooling On The Heat Release Within A Rotating Detonation Combustor, Shreyas Ramanagar Sridhara, Antonio Andreini, Marc D. Polanka, Myles D. Bohon

Faculty Publications

Rotating detonation combustors establish a detonation wave that continuously circulates inside a small annulus. The presence of the detonation wave and the downstream oblique shock within the small annulus coupled with high mass flow induces a high heat load to the combustor wall. Preliminary analysis shows that for higher thermal power, internal air cooling alone is not sufficient to remove the heat out of the walls to maintain them below the maximum temperature of the metal. A possible solution is to use film cooling to reduce the heat flux to the combustor walls. One issue, though, is that the introduction …

Modeling Reversible Volume Change In Automotive Battery Cells With Porous Silicon Oxide-Graphite Composite Anodes, Taylor R. Garrick, Brian J. Koch, Miguel A. Fernandez, Erin Efimoff, Hunter Teel, Matthew D. Jones, Mingjie Tu, Sirivatch Shimpalee

Faculty Publications

Automotive battery manufacturers are working to improve the individual cell and overall pack design by increasing durability, performance, and range, while reducing cost, and active material volume change is a key aspect that needs to be considered during this design process. Recently, silicon oxide-graphite composite anodes are being explored to increase total anode capacity while maintaining a tolerable amount of cell level reversible volume expansion due to the relatively lower reversible volume change of the silicon oxide compared to pure battery grade or metallurgical grade silicon. To predict the blended anode response and contribution to the overall cell volume change, …

Covid-19 Pandemic And Ghana’S Economy: A Deep Dive Into Economic Indicators, Williams Kwasi Peprah, Isaac Anowuo [email protected], Ebenezer Owusu-Yeboah, Daniel Adofo Kwakye Ameyaw, Lucile Sabas

Faculty Publications

The study presents an in-depth analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on Ghana’s gross domestic product (GDP), balance of payments and international investment position (BPM6), and inflation (INFL). Employing a pre-and post-COVID-19 comparison (2017-2022) through repeated measures ANOVA and tests of between-subject effects, it investigates whether the government’s economic performance was significantly impacted. Key findings show a notable decrease in GDP and BPM6, alongside a major increase in inflation rates post-pandemic. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic had a statistically significant impact on Ghana’s economic performance in terms of GDP and BPM6, but not inflation. Recommendations include implementing economic …

Evaluation And Lessons Learned From The Dissemination And Implementation Science Scholars Program In The National Cancer Prevention And Control Research Network, Daniela B. Friedman, Cam Escoffery, Elaine H. Morrato, Cynthia A. Thomson, Courtney N. Petagna, Freda Allyson Hucek, Mary Wangen, Aubrey Villalobos, James R. Hébert Scd, Samuel Noblet, Mayank Sakhuja, David O. Garcia, Jennifer L. Cruz, Stephanie B. Wheeler

Faculty Publications

Background:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) has been a leader in cancer-related dissemination & implementation (D&I) science. Given increased demand for D&I research, the CPCRN Scholars Program launched in 2021 to expand the number of practitioners, researchers, and trainees proficient in cancer D&I science methods. Methods:

The evaluation was informed by a logic model and data collected through electronic surveys. Through an application process (baseline survey), we assessed scholars’ competencies in D&I science domains/subdomains, collected demographic data, and asked scholars to share proposed project ideas. We distributed an exit survey …

Oyster Grower Perspectives On Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas) Interactions: Using Applied Social Science To Inform Research And Engagement, Kelsey Meyer-Rust, Lindsey Williams, Krystin Ward, Bonnie Brown

Faculty Publications

Research that informs the New Hampshire Aquaculture industry, which has grown significantly over the past few years, and helps the overall associated watershed community to keep Great Bay Estuary healthy is vital. Specific study of green crabs, Carcinus maenas, and their potential effects on oysters, Crassostrea virginica, is important to gain a better understanding of the impact invasive species may have on these ecologically and economically important bivalves. The aim of this study was to document and understand New Hampshire (NH) oyster growers’ perspectives on the issue of green crab predation of oysters. Through a survey, this study documented a …

Oyster Grower Perspectives On Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas) Interactions: Using Applied Social Science To Inform Research And Engagement, Kelsey Meyer-Rust, Lindsey Williams, Krystin Ward, Bonnie Brown

Faculty Publications

Research that informs the New Hampshire Aquaculture industry, which has grown significantly over the past few years, and helps the overall associated watershed community to keep Great Bay Estuary healthy is vital. Specific study of green crabs, Carcinus maenas, and their potential effects on oysters, Crassostrea virginica, is important to gain a better understanding of the impact invasive species may have on these ecologically and economically important bivalves. The aim of this study was to document and understand New Hampshire (NH) oyster growers’ perspectives on the issue of green crab predation of oysters. Through a survey, this study documented a …

Advancing Heteroanionicity In Zintl Phases: Crystal Structures, Thermoelectric And Magnetic Properties Of Two Quaternary Semiconducting Arsenide Oxides, Eu8zn2as6o And Eu14zn5as12o, Mohd Ishtiyak, Spencer R. Watts, Bhushan Thipe, Frank Womack, Philip Adams, Xiaojian Bai, David P. Young, Svilen Bobev, Sviatoslav Baranets

Faculty Publications

Two novel quaternary oxyarsenides, Eu8Zn2As6O and Eu14Zn5As12O, were synthesized through metal flux reactions, and their crystal structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Eu8Zn2As6O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, featuring polyanionic ribbons composed of corner-shared triangular [ZnAs3] units, running along the [100] direction. The structure of Eu14Zn5As12O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/m and its anionic substructure can be described as an infinite “ribbonlike” chain comprised of [ZnAs3] trigonal-planar units, although the structural complexity here is greater and also amplified by disorder on multiple crystallographic positions. In both structures, the O^2- anion occupies an octahedral …

Law Enforcement Agency Practices And Policies For The Investigation Of Child Sex Trafficking: Are Agencies Using Victim-Centered Approaches?, Kimberly J. Mitchell, Jennifer E. O'Brien, Lisa M. Jones, Alli Puchlopek-Adams

Faculty Publications

Over the past decade, efforts have been made to reform the way in which law enforcement responds to child sex trafficking (CST). Law enforcement agencies are being urged or required to use victim-centered approaches that provide exploited youth with support and services. However, researchers have yet to empirically examine law enforcement’s recognition of CST at the agency-level, their arrest practices, or the services that are being offered to CST victims. We have little information about the utilization and effectiveness of various law enforcement agency policies, practices and training programs related to CST. The National Law Enforcement Agency Child Sex Trafficking …

Catalysts Of Change: How Social Movement Organizations Accelerate Shifts In Social Norms, Katie A. Apker, Michelle Blood Checketts, Taeya M. Howell, Lisa Jones Christensen, Ben William Lewis, Gordon N. Scott

Faculty Publications

We examine how social movement organizations (SMOs), particularly third-party rating agencies, can catalyze rapid shifts in social norms among an organizational population. We propose that rating agencies can instigate new social norms by defining appropriate and acceptable standards of performance that prompt organizations to realign their behaviors to mirror these new standards, thereby accelerating changes in shared understandings regarding appropriate firm behavior. We tested our theory by analyzing how members of the S&P 500 index adapted to a new gender diversity rating by KLD Research & Analytics, focusing on the acceptance and implementation of gender diversity standards on corporate boards …

Joint Subarray Acoustic Tweezers Enable Controllable Cell Translation, Rotation, And Deformation, Liang Shen, Zhenhua Tian, Kaichun Yang, Joseph Rich, Jianping Xia, Neil Upreti, Jinxin Zhang, Chuyi Chen, Nanjing Hao, Zhichao Pei, Tony Jun Huang

Faculty Publications

Contactless microscale tweezers are highly effective tools for manipulating, patterning, and assembling bioparticles. However, current tweezers are limited in their ability to comprehensively manipulate bioparticles, providing only partial control over the six fundamental motions (three translational and three rotational motions). This study presents a joint subarray acoustic tweezers platform that leverages acoustic radiation force and viscous torque to control the six fundamental motions of single bioparticles. This breakthrough is significant as our manipulation mechanism allows for controlling the three translational and three rotational motions of single cells, as well as enabling complex manipulation that combines controlled translational and rotational motions. …

Mutation In Prkra Results In Cerebellar Abnormality And Reduced Elf2Α Phosphorylation In A Model Of Dyt-Prkra, Samuel B. Burnett, Allison M. Culver, Tricia A. Simon, Taylor Rowson, Kenneth Frederick, Kristina Palmer, Stephen A. Murray, Shannon W. Davis

Faculty Publications

Variants in the PRKRA gene, which encodes PACT, cause the early-onset primary dystonia DYT-PRKRA, a movement disorder associated with disruption of coordinated muscle movements. PACT and its murine homolog RAX activate protein kinase R (PKR; also known as EIF2AK2) by a direct interaction in response to cellular stressors to mediate phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). Mice homozygous for a naturally arisen, recessively inherited frameshift mutation, Prkra^lear-5J, exhibit progressive dystonia. In the present study, we investigated the biochemical and developmental consequences of the Prkra^lear-5J mutation. Our results indicated that the …

Coastal Wetlands In The Anthropocene, John Day, Edward Anthony, Robert Costanza, Douglas Edmonds, Joel Gunn, Charles Hopkinson, Michael E. Mann, James Morris, Michael Osland, Tracy Quirk, Andre Rovai, John Rybczyk, Thomas Spencer, Jessica Stephens, Jaia Syvitski, Robert Twilley, Jenneke Visser, John R. White

Faculty Publications

We review the functioning and sustainability of coastal marshes and mangroves. Urbanized humans have a 7,000-year-old enduring relationship to coastal wetlands. Wetlands include marshes, salt flats, and saline and freshwater forests. Coastal wetlands occur in all climate zones but are most abundant in deltas. Mangroves are tropical, whereas marshes occur from tropical to boreal areas. Quantification of coastal wetland areas has advanced in recent years but is still insufficiently accurate. Climate change and sea-level rise are predicted to lead to significant wetland losses and other impacts on coastal wetlands and the humans associated with them. Landward migration and coastal retreat …

Influence Of Redox Engineering On The Trade-Off Relationship Between Thermopower And Electrical Conductivity In Lanthanum Titanium Based Transition Metal Oxides, Mohammad El Loubani, Gene Yang, Seyed Morteza Taghavi Kouzehkanan, Tae-Sik Oh, Santosh Kiran Balijepalli, Dongkyu Lee

Faculty Publications

Discovery of new materials plays a critical role in developing advanced high-temperature thermoelectric (TE) applications. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are one of the attractive candidates for high-temperature TE applications due to their thermal and chemical stability. However, the trade-off relationship between thermopower (S) and electrical conductivity (σ) limits the maximum attainable power factor (PF), thereby hindering improvements in TE conversion efficiency. To overcome this trade-off relationship, the emerging approach of the redox-driven metal exsolution in TMOs shows promise in improving both S and σ. However, the effect of metal exsolution with different particle sizes and …

Hydrodynamic Exposure – On The Quest To Deriving Quantitative Metrics For Mariculture Sites, Oliver Lojek, Nils Goseberg, Heidi Moe Føre, Tobias Dewhurst, Thea Bölker, Kevin Gerald Heasman, Bela H. Buck, David W. Fredriksson, Samuel Rickerich

Faculty Publications

This work attempts to define metrics for hydrodynamic exposure, using known oceanographic variables to provide a universal site assessment method for mariculture structures. Understanding environmental conditions driving open-ocean mariculture siting is crucial in establishing consistent ocean governance, minimizing adverse environmental impacts, and facilitating economically sustainable farm operations. To provide a metric of oceanic conditions and associated requirements for structural design and operation of aquaculture systems, six Exposure Indices (EI) are proposed that consider physical energy levels related to hydrodynamic forces at a site. Four of the proposed indices consider only environmental conditions, while the other two also consider the dimensions …

Personalized Learning Path Problem Variations: Computational Complexity And Ai Approaches, Sean A. Mochocki, Mark Reith, Brett J. Borghetti, Gilbert L. Peterson, John Jasper, Laurence D. Merkle

Faculty Publications

E-learning courses often suffer from high dropout rates and low student satisfaction. One way to address this issue is to use personalized learning paths (PLPs), which are sequences of learning materials that meet the individual needs of students. However, creating PLPs is difficult and often involves combining knowledge graphs (KGs), student profiles, and learning materials. Researchers typically assume that the problem of creating PLPs belong to the nondeterministic polynomial (NP)-hard class of computational problems. However, previous research in this field has neither defined the different variations of the PLP problem nor formally established their computational complexity. Without clear definitions of …

Chatgpt Might Slow You Down: Verification Moderates Ai Uses And Learning Efficiency Among College Students, Ruonan Zhang, Nicky Chang Bi, Kate Salerno, Pelqin Chen

Faculty Publications

Generative artificial intelligence without a doubt is one of the most discussed topics in high-er education. It is still unclear whether ChatGPT is contributing to or hindering students’ learning efficiency. Built on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study is designed to examine the influence of ChatGPT usage of college stu-dents on their learning efficiency; to investigate the moderating effects of verification on the relationship between ChatGPT usage and learn-ing efficiency; and to investigate the relationship among ChatGPT usage and its antecedents, in-cluding subjective norm, job relevance, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use. Using survey data …

Exploring The Association Between Parenting Stress And A Child’S Exposure To Positive Childhood Experiences (Pces), Elizabeth Crouch Ph.D., Elizabeth Radcliff, Monique J. Brown Ph.D., Mph, Peiyin Hung Ph.D

Faculty Publications

High levels of parenting stress, defined as a caregiver or parent feeling stress or aggravation from parenting, has been previously shown to be associated with an increased likelihood of neglect, child maltreatment, and household dysfunction: adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Despite the potential mitigation of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) on ACEs, prior studies on the increased likelihood of a child experiencing ACEs due to parenting stress have left a critical question unanswered: whether high parenting stress may decrease a child’s likelihood of experiencing PCEs. We analyzed the 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health to examine whether higher levels of parenting stress …

Data-Driven Sparse Sensor Placement Optimization On Wings For Flight-By-Feel: Bioinspired Approach And Application, Alex C. Hollenbeck, Atticus J. Beachy, Ramana V. Grandhi, Alexander M. Pankonien

Faculty Publications

Flight-by-feel (FBF) is an approach to flight control that uses dispersed sensors on the wings of aircraft to detect flight state. While biological FBF systems, such as the wings of insects, often contain hundreds of strain and flow sensors, artificial systems are highly constrained by size, weight, and power (SWaP) considerations, especially for small aircraft. An optimization approach is needed to determine how many sensors are required and where they should be placed on the wing. Airflow fields can be highly nonlinear, and many local minima exist for sensor placement, meaning conventional optimization techniques are unreliable for this application. The …

Rootzone Soil Moisture Dynamics Using Terrestrial Water-Energy Coupling, Vinit Sehgal, Binayak P. Mohanty, Rolf H. Reichle

Faculty Publications

A lack of high-density rootzone soil moisture (θRZ) observations limits the estimation of continental-scale, space-time contiguous θRZ dynamics. We derive a proxy of daily θRZ dynamics — active rootzone degree of saturation (SRZ) — by recursive low-pass (LP) filtering of surface soil moisture (θS) within a terrestrial water-energy coupling (WEC) framework. We estimate the LP filter parameters and WEC thresholds for the piecewise-linear coupling between SRZ and evaporative fraction (EF) at remote sensing and field scale over the Contiguous U.S. We use θS from the Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) satellite and 218 in-situ stations, with EF from the Moderate Resolution …

Predictability Limit Of The 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave From Deep‐Learning Sensitivity Analysis, P. Trent Vonich, Gregory J. Hakim

Faculty Publications

The traditional method for estimating weather forecast sensitivity to initial conditions uses adjoint models, which are limited to short lead times due to linearization around a control forecast. The advent of deep‐learning frameworks enables a new approach using backpropagation and gradient descent to iteratively optimize initial conditions, minimizing forecast errors. We apply this approach to the June 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave using the GraphCast model, yielding over 90% reduction in 10‐day forecast errors over the Pacific Northwest. Similar improvements are found for Pangu‐Weather model forecasts initialized with the GraphCast‐derived optimal, suggesting that model error is an unimportant part of the …

Numerically Efficient Coherent Mode Representations For Partially Coherent Beams With Separable Phases, Milo W. Hyde, Carolina Rickenstorff

Faculty Publications

We present a method to numerically compute the coherent mode representations (CMRs) for partially coherent beams with separable phases. This special class of random light field has the ability to self-focus and is resistant to turbulence-induced degradation, making it potentially useful in applications such as optical communications. We validate our method by generating (in simulation) two such sources from the literature using their computed CMRs. Lastly, we conclude with a summary of our approach and a discussion of potential applications.

Development And Evaluation Of A Colorimetric Lamp Based-Assay Targeting The Bacteroides Hf183 Marker For Tracking Sewage Pollution In Environmental Waters, Mariah C.A. Do Nascimento, Wendy J.M. Smith, Metasebia Gebrewold, Yawen Liu, Stuart L. Simpson, Aaron Bivins, Paula Rahal, Warish Ahmed

Faculty Publications

Surface waters are vulnerable to contamination by human and animal feces, posing risks to human health due to potential exposure to enteric pathogens. This research developed a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cLAMP) assay to detect sewage associated Bacteroides dorei HF183/BacR287 (HF183) marker in wastewater and environmental water samples. The host sensitivity and host specificity of the assay were evaluated, and their performance was compared to the Bacteroides HF183 qPCR assay using control materials (gBlocks), environmental water samples seeded with untreated sewage, and ambient environmental water samples. In serial dilutions of control materials, qPCR produced quantifiable data across all dilutions, while …

Social Isolation And Loneliness Prevention Among Rural Older Adults Aging-In-Place: A Needs Assessment, Jodi L. Southerland, Shimin Zheng, Kayla Dodson, Erin Mauck, Juanita-Dawne R. Bacsu, Monique J. Brown Ph.D., Mph, Jeremy Holloway, Steffi M. Kim, Ayse Malatyali, Matthew Lee Smith

Faculty Publications

Introduction: The adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness (SI/L) have been documented among older adults in rural communities and contribute to poor health outcomes, premature disability and mortality, and increased burden on the healthcare system. The identification of factors contributing to SI/L among older adults can build the foundation for rural policymakers and leaders to allocate resources and develop tailored strategies more efficiently. The purpose of this article is to describe findings from a needs assessment designed to understand local factors that contribute to SI/L among rural older adults in a county in Northeast Tennessee. Findings from the needs …

Editorial, Janet Brennan Croft

Faculty Publications

Yes, this is the biggest issue of Mythlore since the 458-page Centenary Conference joint issue with the Tolkien Society in 1996. It’s still true that anything over 300 pages triggers a bump in the postage to mail the issue, but the income from our electronic subscriptions can subsidize an occasional issue over this limit—like this one—without an increase to print subscription prices.

Finite Sum Of Integral Operators From The Fractional Cauchy Spaces To Bloch-Type And Zygmund-Type Spaces, Rita A. Hibschweiler, Ajay K. Sharma

Faculty Publications

The family of fractional Cauchy transforms, defined on the open unit disc in the complex plane, is of classical and modern interest. Membership of an analytic function in the family is determined by the requirement that the function can be expressed as an integral of a certain kernel against a complex Borel measure on the disc. Such an integral representation imposes a growth condition on the function and its derivatives. This exposes a connection between the families of Cauchy transforms and familiar spaces of analytic functions, such as the Bloch spaces and the Zygmund space. The notion of a composition …

Finite Sum Of Integral Operators From The Fractional Cauchy Spaces To Bloch-Type And Zygmund-Type Spaces, Rita A. Hibschweiler, Ajay K. Sharma

Faculty Publications

The family of fractional Cauchy transforms, defined on the open unit disc in the complex plane, is of classical and modern interest. Membership of an analytic function in the family is determined by the requirement that the function can be expressed as an integral of a certain kernel against a complex Borel measure on the disc. Such an integral representation imposes a growth condition on the function and its derivatives. This exposes a connection between the families of Cauchy transforms and familiar spaces of analytic functions, such as the Bloch spaces and the Zygmund space. The notion of a composition …

The Overlooked First Intercostal Ligament: Does It Help To Stabilize The Weberian Apparatus?, Jake Leyhr, Tatjana Haitina, Nathan C. Bird

Faculty Publications

The Weberian apparatus is a novel hearing adaptation that facilitates increased hearing sensitivity in otophysan fishes. The apparatus is a complex system composed of modifications to anterior vertebral elements, the inner ear, and the swim bladder. A critical piece of the system that often receives minor attention are the various ligaments that bridge these three regions. The most famous of the ligaments is the interossicular ligament, which connects the Weberian ossicle chain (scaphium–intercalarium–tripus). Several other ligaments are present, including the suspensor (tripus to parapophysis 4) and the triple ligament (tripus–os suspensorium–tunica externa). Here, by combining diffusible iodine-based contrast enhancement (DICE) …

Physical Development And Sociocultural Context Influences On Children’S Physical Activity, Alessandro Hervaldo Nicolai Ré, Maria Teresa Cattuzzo, David F. Stodden Ph.D., Guilherme Dos Santos, Albert Lucas Olinto Tertuliano, Carlos Bandeira De Mello Monteiro, Diogo Henrique Constantino Coledam, Anthony David Okely

Faculty Publications

Objective:

To examine the predictive strength of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), motor competence (MC), maternal educational status, and parental perception of their children’s favorite leisure activities for meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines of each gender among children aged 3–6 years.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 367 preschoolers (53% girls), assessing CRF (PREFIT 20m shuttle run), MC (battery of motor skills), PA (accelerometry), maternal education and parental perception of children’s preferred leisure (questionnaires). Factorial analysis of covariance, multiple logistic regression, and chi-square tests were conducted.

Results: In both genders, CRF was associated with meeting PA guidelines (girls: odds ratio [OR] …