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Faculty Publications

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Identification And Expression Analysis Of Phosphate Transporter 1 (Pht1) Genes In The Highly Phosphorus-Use-Efficient Hakea Prostrata (Proteaceae), Benjamin J. Nestor, Toby Bird, Anita A. Severn-Ellis, Philipp E. Bayer, Kosala Ranathunge, M. Asaduzzaman Prodhan, Maheshi Dassanayake, Jacqueline Batley, David Edwards, Hans Lambers, Patrick M. Finnegan Dec 2024

Identification And Expression Analysis Of Phosphate Transporter 1 (Pht1) Genes In The Highly Phosphorus-Use-Efficient Hakea Prostrata (Proteaceae), Benjamin J. Nestor, Toby Bird, Anita A. Severn-Ellis, Philipp E. Bayer, Kosala Ranathunge, M. Asaduzzaman Prodhan, Maheshi Dassanayake, Jacqueline Batley, David Edwards, Hans Lambers, Patrick M. Finnegan

Faculty Publications

Heavy and costly use of phosphorus (P) fertiliser is often needed to achieve high crop yields, but only a small amount of applied P fertiliser is available to most crop plants. Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is endemic to the P-impoverished landscape of southwest Australia and has several P-saving traits. We identified 16 members of the Phosphate Transporter 1 (PHT1) gene family (HpPHT1;1-HpPHT1;12d) in a long-read genome assembly of H. prostrata. Based on phylogenetics, sequence structure and expression patterns, we classified HpPHT1;1 as potentially involved in Pi uptake from soil and HpPHT1;8 and HpPHT1;9 as potentially involved in Pi uptake and root-to-shoot …

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Global Well-Posedness For Supercritical Sqg With Perturbations Of Radially Symmetric Data, Aynur Bulut, Hongjie Dong Dec 2024

Global Well-Posedness For Supercritical Sqg With Perturbations Of Radially Symmetric Data, Aynur Bulut, Hongjie Dong

Faculty Publications

We study the global well-posedness of the supercritical dissipative surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation, a key model in geophysical fluid dynamics. While local well-posedness is known, achieving global well-posedness for large initial data remains open. Motivated by enhanced decay in radial solutions, we aim to establish global well-posedness for small perturbations of potentially large radial data. Our main result shows that for small perturbations of radial data, the SQG equation admits a unique global solution.

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Cop5/Hkr1 Changes Ciliary Beat Pattern And Biases Cell Steering During Chemotaxis In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Alexis Strain, Nathan Kratzberg, Dan Vu, Emmaline Miller, Ken Ichi Wakabayashi, Adam Melvin, Naohiro Kato Dec 2024

Cop5/Hkr1 Changes Ciliary Beat Pattern And Biases Cell Steering During Chemotaxis In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Alexis Strain, Nathan Kratzberg, Dan Vu, Emmaline Miller, Ken Ichi Wakabayashi, Adam Melvin, Naohiro Kato

Faculty Publications

This study investigates the control of ciliary beat patterns during ammonium chemotaxis in the model ciliate microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Screening the chemotaxis response of mutant strains with ciliary defects revealed that a strain lacking CAV2, the alpha subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel, is deficient in ammonium chemotaxis. CAV2 regulates the switching of the ciliary beat pattern from the asymmetric to the symmetric waveform. Strains lacking COP5/HKR1 (chlamyopsin 5/histidine kinase rhodopsin 1) are also deficient in ammonium chemotaxis. Conversely, strains defective in phototaxis perform ammonium chemotaxis normally. Cell motility analysis revealed wild-type cells reduce the incidences of switching the ciliary …

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Creating A Bio-Based Circular Economy From Louisiana Sugarcane Byproducts, G. Aita, D. Bhatnagar, G. O. Bruni, M. Deliberto, G. Eggleston, A. Finger, K. Gravois, M. Isied, W. Judice, K. T. Klasson, I. M. Lima, J. L. Purswell, M. Souliman, E. Terrell, B. S. Tubaña, H. L. Waguespack, J. J. Wang, P. M. White Dec 2024

Creating A Bio-Based Circular Economy From Louisiana Sugarcane Byproducts, G. Aita, D. Bhatnagar, G. O. Bruni, M. Deliberto, G. Eggleston, A. Finger, K. Gravois, M. Isied, W. Judice, K. T. Klasson, I. M. Lima, J. L. Purswell, M. Souliman, E. Terrell, B. S. Tubaña, H. L. Waguespack, J. J. Wang, P. M. White

Faculty Publications

Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is Louisiana's number one row crop. Growing and processing sugarcane produces significant amounts of byproducts, including bagasse, crop residue, molasses, filter-press mud, and boiler fly ash. These products represent an important opportunity to generate value-added and specialty products and enhance sugarcane's sustainability by facilitating a circular economy, where agricultural by-products are reused instead of disposing them (linear economy), in order to reduce resource use and energy demand. Examples of value-added products range from biochar, construction materials, animal feed, biofuels, nanoparticles, and fertilizer. Paramount to the success of the bio-based circular economy is creating useful products that …

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Biochar Impacts On Soil Water Dynamics: Knowns, Unknowns, And Research Directions, Bharat Sharma Acharya, Syam Dodla, Jim J. Wang, Kiran Pavuluri, Murali Darapuneni, Sanku Dattamudi, Bijesh Maharjan, Gehendra Kharel Dec 2024

Biochar Impacts On Soil Water Dynamics: Knowns, Unknowns, And Research Directions, Bharat Sharma Acharya, Syam Dodla, Jim J. Wang, Kiran Pavuluri, Murali Darapuneni, Sanku Dattamudi, Bijesh Maharjan, Gehendra Kharel

Faculty Publications

Amidst intensifying global agricultural water demand, optimizing management practices and understanding the role of soil amendments, particularly biochar (BC), in modulating soil water dynamics are critical. Here, we review the potential impacts of BC on soil water dynamics, elucidate mechanistic underpinnings, and identify critical research gaps and prospective avenues. In general, BC modifies soil structure, hydraulic properties, surface albedo, and heat fluxes, which influence soil water storage, energy balance, and irrigation paradigms. Depending on soil texture and BC properties, BC demonstrates a greater reduction in bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity in coarse-textured soils compared to fine-textured soils. BC application …

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Improving Winter Survival Of Interspecific Hybrid Bermudagrass In The Mid-Atlantic Region Through Cultural Practices, Joseph R. Doherty, Wendell J. Hutchens, Jordan C. Booth, David S. Mccall, Michael V. Battaglia, Eric J. Deboer, Joseph A. Roberts Dec 2024

Improving Winter Survival Of Interspecific Hybrid Bermudagrass In The Mid-Atlantic Region Through Cultural Practices, Joseph R. Doherty, Wendell J. Hutchens, Jordan C. Booth, David S. Mccall, Michael V. Battaglia, Eric J. Deboer, Joseph A. Roberts

Faculty Publications

Winter injury can cause significant loss of hybrid bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] in the transition zone. Current research has focused on high-value, low-acreage areas like putting greens, but those practices are impractical to implement on golf course fairways. To that end, multi-year research projects were conducted at three sites across Maryland and Virginia to investigate the influence of annual N fertility [2.0 lb N 1000 ft−2 (early summer application) or 4.0 lb N 1000 ft−2 (split applied early and late summer)] across multiple fall mowing heights (0.5 inches, 0.8 inches, or 1 inch) and to …

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Management Strategies For Preventing And Recovering From Bermudagrass Winterkill, W. J. Hutchens, T. Q. Carr, A. J. Patton, C. A. Bigelow, E. J. Deboer, J. M. Goatley, D. L. Martin, D. S. Mccall, G. L. Miller, J. S. Powlen, M. D. Richardson, M. Xiang Dec 2024

Management Strategies For Preventing And Recovering From Bermudagrass Winterkill, W. J. Hutchens, T. Q. Carr, A. J. Patton, C. A. Bigelow, E. J. Deboer, J. M. Goatley, D. L. Martin, D. S. Mccall, G. L. Miller, J. S. Powlen, M. D. Richardson, M. Xiang

Faculty Publications

Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp. Rich) is a warm-season grass that is widely planted throughout tropical, sub-tropical, and even temperate climates, and it generally requires fewer inputs than most cool-season turfgrasses. In recent years, the area of adaptation for bermudagrass has progressively expanded to cooler climates due to the development of more cold-tolerant cultivars. The expanded area of adaptation as well as the reduced inputs required to maintain healthy turfgrass have made bermudagrass a popular choice in areas of marginal adaptation. In these areas, the greatest threat to bermudagrass health and survivability is winterkill. This management guide seeks to describe winterkill: what …

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Rotaxanes With A Photoresponsive Macrocycle Modulate The Lipid Bilayers Of Large And Giant Unilamellar Vesicles, Udyogi N.K. Conthagamage, Rajitha Rajeshwar T, Stijn Van Der Ham, Nasim Akhtar, Macallister L. Davis, Senuri G. Jayawardana, Lilia Lopez, Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri, Jeremy C. Smith, Micholas Dean Smith, Víctor García-López Dec 2024

Rotaxanes With A Photoresponsive Macrocycle Modulate The Lipid Bilayers Of Large And Giant Unilamellar Vesicles, Udyogi N.K. Conthagamage, Rajitha Rajeshwar T, Stijn Van Der Ham, Nasim Akhtar, Macallister L. Davis, Senuri G. Jayawardana, Lilia Lopez, Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri, Jeremy C. Smith, Micholas Dean Smith, Víctor García-López

Faculty Publications

Rotaxanes equipped with actuators hold great potential for developing highly functional molecular machines. Such systems could significantly enhance our ability to study and manipulate biological and artificial membranes. Here, we introduce a rotaxane with a ring featuring two azobenzene photoswitches, which retain their photoreversibility and can be stochastically shuttled along the axle in solution. Studies in model bilayers, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, show how azobenzene photoswitching alters the interaction of rotaxanes with surrounding lipids, leading to changes in lipid packing. Such changes in the lipid bilayer were leveraged to induce the light-triggered release of sulforhodamine B from large unilamellar …

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The Crystal Structure Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Bacterioferritin Reveals A Heteropolymer Of Bacterioferritin And Ferritin Subunits, Huili Yao, Suliat Alli, Lijun Liu, Anabel Soldano, Anne Cooper, Leo Fontenot, Dristen Verdin, Kevin P. Battaile, Scott Lovell, Mario Rivera Dec 2024

The Crystal Structure Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Bacterioferritin Reveals A Heteropolymer Of Bacterioferritin And Ferritin Subunits, Huili Yao, Suliat Alli, Lijun Liu, Anabel Soldano, Anne Cooper, Leo Fontenot, Dristen Verdin, Kevin P. Battaile, Scott Lovell, Mario Rivera

Faculty Publications

Iron storage proteins, e.g., vertebrate ferritin, and the ferritin-like bacterioferritin (Bfr) and bacterial ferritin (Ftn), are spherical, hollow proteins that catalyze the oxidation of Fe2+ at binuclear iron ferroxidase centers (FOC) and store the Fe3+ in their interior, thus protecting cells from unwanted Fe3+/Fe2+ redox cycling and storing iron at concentrations far above the solubility of Fe3+. Vertebrate ferritins are heteropolymers of H and L subunits with only the H subunits having FOC. Bfr and Ftn were thought to coexist in bacteria as homopolymers, but recent evidence indicates these molecules are heteropolymers assembled …

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Substituent Effects On The Photophysical Properties Of A Series Of 8(Meso)-Pyridyl-Bodipys: A Computational Analysis Of The Experimental Data †, Petia Bobadova-Parvanova, Dylan Goliber, Elijuah Hernandez, Daniel Lamaster, Maria Da Graça H. Vicente Dec 2024

Substituent Effects On The Photophysical Properties Of A Series Of 8(Meso)-Pyridyl-Bodipys: A Computational Analysis Of The Experimental Data †, Petia Bobadova-Parvanova, Dylan Goliber, Elijuah Hernandez, Daniel Lamaster, Maria Da Graça H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

Recently, a series of 8(meso)-pyridyl-BODIPYs (2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, and 4-pyridyl) and their 2,6-substituted derivatives were synthesized and their structure and photophysical properties were studied both experimentally and computationally. One of the main observed trends was that the 2-pyridyl-BODIPYs were consistently less fluorescent than their 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl analogs, regardless of the 2,6-substituents. Herein, we extend our previous computational studies and model not only the ground but also the excited states of the entire series of previously synthesized meso-pyridyl-BODIPYs with the aim of explaining the observed differences in the emission quantum yields. To better understand the trends and the effect of 2- …

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Integrated Child Nutrition, Parenting, And Health Intervention In Rural Liberia: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study, Sejla Isanovic, Musa Sanoe, Shelbie Wooten, Edward A. Frongillo Ph.D., Aisha K. Yousafzai, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Mufaro Kanyangarara Ph.D., Melanie Swan, Nicole Rodger, Miriam Murray, Leila M. Larson Ph.D., Mph Dec 2024

Integrated Child Nutrition, Parenting, And Health Intervention In Rural Liberia: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study, Sejla Isanovic, Musa Sanoe, Shelbie Wooten, Edward A. Frongillo Ph.D., Aisha K. Yousafzai, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Mufaro Kanyangarara Ph.D., Melanie Swan, Nicole Rodger, Miriam Murray, Leila M. Larson Ph.D., Mph

Faculty Publications

In Liberia, children are exposed to multiple forms of adversity which can negatively impact their health and development. Research is needed to examine the feasibility and benefits of integrated interventions that can be incorporated into existing health delivery programs to simultaneously address low responsive stimulation, undernutrition, and infection. This study assessed the feasibility of an integrated intervention promoting psychosocial stimulation and improved child feeding by the provision of eggs and fish. The integrated intervention was incorporated into an existing government health program. Thirty female caregiver-child dyads were randomly selected from two rural communities in Liberia. Participants received fortnightly group parenting …

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Introducing The Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology For Neural Ordinary Differential Equations—Ii: Illustrative Application To Heat And Energy Transfer In The Nordheim–Fuchs Phenomenological Model For Reactor Safety, Dan Gabriel Cacuci Dec 2024

Introducing The Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology For Neural Ordinary Differential Equations—Ii: Illustrative Application To Heat And Energy Transfer In The Nordheim–Fuchs Phenomenological Model For Reactor Safety, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This work presents an illustrative application of the newly developed “Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (2nd-FASAM-NODE)” methodology to determine most efficiently the exact expressions of the first- and second-order sensitivities of NODE decoder responses to the neural net’s underlying parameters (weights and initial conditions). The application of the 2nd-FASAM-NODE methodology will be illustrated using the Nordheim–Fuchs phenomenological model for reactor safety, which describes a short-time self-limiting power transient in a nuclear reactor system having a negative temperature coefficient in which a large amount of reactivity is suddenly inserted. The representative model responses that will …

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Introducing The Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology For Neural Ordinary Differential Equations—I: Mathematical Framework, Dan Gabriel Cacuci Dec 2024

Introducing The Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology For Neural Ordinary Differential Equations—I: Mathematical Framework, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This work introduces the mathematical framework of the novel “First-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Ordinary Differential Equations” (1st-FASAM-NODE). The 1st-FASAM-NODE methodology produces and computes most efficiently the exact expressions of all of the first-order sensitivities of NODE-decoder responses with respect to the parameters underlying the NODE’s decoder, hidden layers, and encoder, after having optimized the NODE-net to represent the physical system under consideration. Building on the 1st-FASAM-NODE, this work subsequently introduces the mathematical framework of the novel “Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (2nd-FASAM-NODE)”. The 2nd-FASAM-NODE methodology efficiently computes the exact expressions …

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The Association Between Infant Non-Nutritive Suck And Oral Motor Development, Ross Westemeyer, Morgan Hines, Alaina Martens, Emily Zimmerman Dec 2024

The Association Between Infant Non-Nutritive Suck And Oral Motor Development, Ross Westemeyer, Morgan Hines, Alaina Martens, Emily Zimmerman

Faculty Publications

This study investigated if non-nutritive suck (NNS) at 3 months is related to subsequent oral motor and motor skills using caregiver-reported scores on the Child Oral and Motor Proficiency Scale (ChOMPS) at 12 months in a cohort of 69 full-term infants and their caregivers. Longer NNS burst durations were associated with lower oral motor coordination and total ChOMPS scores. More NNS cycles per minute was associated with lower complex motor movement scores. More NNS bursts, cycles per burst, and cycles per minute were related with lower total ChOMPS scores. Early NNS outcomes can provide valuable insight in future neuromotor development.

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Lineage Diversity In A Melanesian Lizard Radiation (Gekkonidae: Nactus) Further Highlights Exceptional Diversity And Endemism In Eastern Papua New Guinea, Paul M. Oliver, Fred Kraus, Christopher C. Austin, Leonardo G. Tedeschi, Aurora R. O’Brien, Simon T. Maddock Dec 2024

Lineage Diversity In A Melanesian Lizard Radiation (Gekkonidae: Nactus) Further Highlights Exceptional Diversity And Endemism In Eastern Papua New Guinea, Paul M. Oliver, Fred Kraus, Christopher C. Austin, Leonardo G. Tedeschi, Aurora R. O’Brien, Simon T. Maddock

Faculty Publications

New Guinea and surrounding islands are home to some of the richest assemblages of insular biodiversity in the world. The key geological drivers of species richness in this region are largely considered to be mountain uplift and development of offshore archipelagos—some of which have accreted onto New Guinea—with the role of mountain uplift and elevational gradients receiving more attention than the role of isolation on islands. Here, we examine the distribution of lineage richness and body-size diversity in a radiation of Melanesian lizards that is almost entirely absent from montane habitats but closely associated with islands—the geckos of the genus …

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Cgbi_Yolo: Lightweight Land Target Detection Network, Ruiyang Wang, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Xiaobing Chen, Wenfeng Zheng Dec 2024

Cgbi_Yolo: Lightweight Land Target Detection Network, Ruiyang Wang, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Xiaobing Chen, Wenfeng Zheng

Faculty Publications

Object detection algorithms for optical remote sensing images often face challenges in computational efficiency, particularly when detecting small and densely packed targets. This paper introduces CGBi_YOLO, a novel lightweight land target detection network designed to optimize computational resource utilization while maintaining detection capabilities for small-scale targets. Our approach incorporates an innovative lightweight optimization strategy featuring a new lightweight backbone feature extraction network: CSPGhostNet. This model significantly enhances the detection ability of small objects within optical remote sensing images without increasing computational demands. The efficacy of the proposed model is validated through rigorous experimentation on the DOTA dataset. Compared to the …

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Research Overview On Urban Heat Islands Driven By Computational Intelligence, Chao Liu, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Wenfeng Zheng Dec 2024

Research Overview On Urban Heat Islands Driven By Computational Intelligence, Chao Liu, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Wenfeng Zheng

Faculty Publications

In recent years, the intensification of the urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a significant concern as urbanization accelerates. This survey comprehensively explores the current status of surface UHI research, emphasizing the role of land use and land cover changes (LULC) in urban environments. We conducted a systematic review of 8260 journal articles from the Web of Science database, employing bibliometric analysis and keyword co-occurrence analysis using CiteSpace to identify research hotspots and trends. Our investigation reveals that vegetation cover and land use types are the two most critical factors influencing UHI intensity. We analyze various computational intelligence techniques, …

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Current Situation And Prospect Of Geospatial Ai In Air Pollution Prediction, Chunlai Wu, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Wenfeng Zheng Dec 2024

Current Situation And Prospect Of Geospatial Ai In Air Pollution Prediction, Chunlai Wu, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Wenfeng Zheng

Faculty Publications

Faced with increasingly serious environmental problems, scientists have conducted extensive research, among which the importance of air quality prediction is becoming increasingly prominent. This article briefly reviews the utilization of geographic artificial intelligence (AI) in air pollution. Firstly, this paper conducts a literature metrology analysis on the research of geographical AI used in air pollution. That is, 607 documents are retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) using appropriate keywords, and literature metrology analysis is conducted using Citespace to summarize research hotspots and frontier countries in this field. Among them, China plays a constructive role in the fields of geographic …

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An Empirical Study Of The Well-Being Of Older Individuals In China, Japan, And Korea, Selahattin İmrohoroğlu, Zhixiu Yu Dec 2024

An Empirical Study Of The Well-Being Of Older Individuals In China, Japan, And Korea, Selahattin İmrohoroğlu, Zhixiu Yu

Faculty Publications

In this paper we present new empirical findings on the determinants of well-being of 54–75 year old individuals in China, Japan, and Korea. Using the harmonized Health and Retirement Surveys (HRS) that are designed to be similar to the Rand HRS, namely CHARLS in China, JSTAR in Japan and KLoSA in Korea, we run country- and gender-specific panel regressions using all available waves measures of subjective well-being (SWB) are associated with various economic, social, and demographic characteristics. Consistent with previous findings that highlight the role of education, health, employment status and social interactions in single wave studies, we find that …

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Unfit Or Disliked: How Descriptive And Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes Lead To Discrimination Against Women, Francesca Manzi, Suzette Caleo, Madeline E. Heilman Dec 2024

Unfit Or Disliked: How Descriptive And Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes Lead To Discrimination Against Women, Francesca Manzi, Suzette Caleo, Madeline E. Heilman

Faculty Publications

Decades of research attest to the role of gender stereotypes in the emergence of gender-based discrimination. Placing a focus on recent studies, we provide evidence that gender stereotypes continue to negatively affect women's career outcomes in jobs and fields that are seen as male in gender-type. We identify two pathways through which gender stereotypes bring about discrimination: Whereas descriptive gender stereotypes lead to gender discrimination through negative performance expectations produced by lack-of-fit perceptions, prescriptive gender stereotypes lead to gender discrimination through social penalties elicited by perceived stereotype violation. We end by discussing how characteristics of women and those evaluating them …

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Gleaning Rural Journalism: Rural Journalists' Agricultural And Environmental Reporting Utilizing Community Storytelling Networks☆, Jessica Walsh, Mildred F. Perreault, Greg Perreault, Ruth Moon Dec 2024

Gleaning Rural Journalism: Rural Journalists' Agricultural And Environmental Reporting Utilizing Community Storytelling Networks☆, Jessica Walsh, Mildred F. Perreault, Greg Perreault, Ruth Moon

Faculty Publications

Environmental concerns are growing in parts of the rural United States as drinking water wells become contaminated with agrichemicals, and climate change impacts such as drought and extreme rain events disrupt farming practices. Analyzing in-depth interviews with 29 U.S. rural journalists, we explore the role rural journalists play when reporting on the environment as it relates to agricultural issues. Findings show that reporting about the environment—such as weather, climate change, water shortages, and droughts—appear in rural journalists' stories given those topics' relevance to their rural communities and the social systems forces exerting influence on journalists, yet rural journalists often do …

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Investigation Of Magnesium-Potassium Phosphates As Potential Nuclear Waste Form For The Immobilization Of Minor Actinides, Hans Conrad Zur Loye, Petr Vecernik, Monika Kiselova, Vlastislav Kašpar, Hana Korenkova, Vlastimil Miller, Petr Bezdicka, Jan Šubrt, Natalija Murafa, Volodymyr Shkuropatenko, Sergey Sayenko Dec 2024

Investigation Of Magnesium-Potassium Phosphates As Potential Nuclear Waste Form For The Immobilization Of Minor Actinides, Hans Conrad Zur Loye, Petr Vecernik, Monika Kiselova, Vlastislav Kašpar, Hana Korenkova, Vlastimil Miller, Petr Bezdicka, Jan Šubrt, Natalija Murafa, Volodymyr Shkuropatenko, Sergey Sayenko

Faculty Publications

Several recent studies have evaluated technologies of spent nuclear fuel processing specifically for solidifying transuranic (TRU) waste as a by-product of fission. Of the TRU group, plutonium and the minor actinides will be responsible for the bulk of the radiotoxicity and heat generation of spent nuclear fuel in the long term (300 to 20,000 years). In this study, we investigated magnesium potassium phosphate (MKP)-based compounds as host waste forms for the encapsulation of inactive trivalent Nd and Sm as analogues of the minor trivalent actinides, Am and Cm. Waste forms were fabricated under ambient atmospheric conditions by adding 5 wt.% …

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Augmented Drug Combination Dataset To Improve The Performance Of Machine Learning Models Predicting Synergistic Anticancer Effects, Mengmeng Liu, Gopal Srivastava, J. Ramanujam, Michal Brylinski Dec 2024

Augmented Drug Combination Dataset To Improve The Performance Of Machine Learning Models Predicting Synergistic Anticancer Effects, Mengmeng Liu, Gopal Srivastava, J. Ramanujam, Michal Brylinski

Faculty Publications

Combination therapy has gained popularity in cancer treatment as it enhances the treatment efficacy and overcomes drug resistance. Although machine learning (ML) techniques have become an indispensable tool for discovering new drug combinations, the data on drug combination therapy currently available may be insufficient to build high-precision models. We developed a data augmentation protocol to unbiasedly scale up the existing anti-cancer drug synergy dataset. Using a new drug similarity metric, we augmented the synergy data by substituting a compound in a drug combination instance with another molecule that exhibits highly similar pharmacological effects. Using this protocol, we were able to …

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Weathering Influences The Ice Nucleation Activity Of Microplastics, Philip Brahana, Mingyi Zhang, Elias Nakouzi, Bhuvnesh Bharti Dec 2024

Weathering Influences The Ice Nucleation Activity Of Microplastics, Philip Brahana, Mingyi Zhang, Elias Nakouzi, Bhuvnesh Bharti

Faculty Publications

Microplastics are being increasingly detected in the atmosphere at altitudes relevant to mixed-phase cloud formation. However, the extent to which microplastics, along with their dynamic surface properties resulting from environmental weathering, could influence atmospheric microphysical processes remains largely unexplored. Here, through a series of ice nucleation experiments and droplet freezing assays, we highlight the capability of model polyethylene microplastics to induce heterogeneous ice nucleation via immersion freezing under atmospherically relevant conditions. We find that sunlight-induced weathering of the microplastic surface influences the structure of surface-bound water molecules and dictates the ice nucleation activity of the microplastics. Using polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, …

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Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of The Modulated Phase Grating X-Ray Interferometer, Hunter Meyer, Joyoni Dey, Sydney Carr, Kyungmin Ham, Leslie G. Butler, Kerry M. Dooley, Ivan Hidrovo, Markus Bleuel, Tamas Varga, Joachim Schulz, Thomas Beckenbach, Konradin Kaiser Dec 2024

Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of The Modulated Phase Grating X-Ray Interferometer, Hunter Meyer, Joyoni Dey, Sydney Carr, Kyungmin Ham, Leslie G. Butler, Kerry M. Dooley, Ivan Hidrovo, Markus Bleuel, Tamas Varga, Joachim Schulz, Thomas Beckenbach, Konradin Kaiser

Faculty Publications

X-ray grating interferometry allows for the simultaneous acquisition of attenuation, differential-phase contrast, and dark-field images, resulting from X-ray attenuation, refraction, and small-angle scattering, respectively. The modulated phase grating (MPG) interferometer is a recently developed grating interferometry system capable of generating a directly resolvable interference pattern using a relatively large period grating envelope function that is sampled at a pitch that is small enough that X-ray spatial coherence can be achieved by using a microfocus X-ray source or G0 grating. We present the theory of the MPG interferometry system for a 2-dimensional staggered grating, derived using Fourier optics, and we compare …

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Assessment Of Nucleic Acid Extraction Protocols For Antibiotic Resistance Genes (Args) Quantification In Aircraft Wastewater, Wendy J.M. Smith, Yawen Liu, Stuart L. Simpson, Aaron Bivins, Warish Ahmed Dec 2024

Assessment Of Nucleic Acid Extraction Protocols For Antibiotic Resistance Genes (Args) Quantification In Aircraft Wastewater, Wendy J.M. Smith, Yawen Liu, Stuart L. Simpson, Aaron Bivins, Warish Ahmed

Faculty Publications

This study evaluated ten nucleic acid extraction protocols (EP1 to EP10) for measuring five endogenous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in four aircraft wastewater samples (AWW1 to AWW4). The targeted ARGs, including blaCTX-M, blaNDM-1, ermB, qnrS, and tetA, encompassed highly and minimally abundant ARGs. TetA and ermB were consistently detected across four aircraft wastewater samples using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit and the AllPrep PowerViral DNA/RNA kit. QnrS displayed high detection rates with specific extraction protocols and aliquot volumes. Concentrations of ARGs varied across aircraft wastewater samples, with differing extraction protocols influencing quantitative results. The concentrations of tetA, ermB, and …

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On The Damping And Fatigue Characterization Of Additively Manufactured Ti-6al-4v, Peyton J. Wilson, Elaheh Azizian-Farsani, Mikyle Paul, Michael M. Khonsari, Shuai Shao, Nima Shamsaei Dec 2024

On The Damping And Fatigue Characterization Of Additively Manufactured Ti-6al-4v, Peyton J. Wilson, Elaheh Azizian-Farsani, Mikyle Paul, Michael M. Khonsari, Shuai Shao, Nima Shamsaei

Faculty Publications

With the recent implementation of additively manufactured parts into industrial applications, there is a dire need for nondestructive evaluation methods to qualify if these components are fit for service due to their sensitivity to processing conditions. The Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) is applied to additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V bending specimens to determine natural frequencies and damping properties in order to predict fatigue performance relative to specimens fabricated with different processing parameters. From the damping and natural frequency results, it was found that the specimens, fabricated with intentional underheating to induce lack of fusion defects, had the lowest damping value in the …

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Detecting N-Phenyl-2-Naphthylamine, L-Arabinose, D-Mannose, L-Phenylalanine, L-Methionine, And D-Trehalose Via Photocurrent Measurement, Feng Li, Ruoxi Yang, Jian Xu, Guohai Xu, Ye Wu Dec 2024

Detecting N-Phenyl-2-Naphthylamine, L-Arabinose, D-Mannose, L-Phenylalanine, L-Methionine, And D-Trehalose Via Photocurrent Measurement, Feng Li, Ruoxi Yang, Jian Xu, Guohai Xu, Ye Wu

Faculty Publications

The concentration of small molecules reflects the normality of physiological processes in the human body, making the development of simple and efficient detection equipment essential. In this work, inspired by a facile strategy in point-of-care detection, two devices were fabricated to detect small molecules via photocurrent measurement. A linear response of the photocurrent against the concentration of the small molecules was found. In the first device, metal ions were introduced into gel substrates made by xanthan gum to enhance photocurrent response. N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine was measured when iron or manganese ions were used. L-Phenylalanine was measured when the gel was modified by …

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Employing Raman Spectroscopy And Machine Learning For The Identification Of Breast Cancer, Ya Zhang, Zheng Li, Zhongqiang Li, Huaizhi Wang, Dinkar Regmi, Jian Zhang, Jiming Feng, Shaomian Yao, Jian Xu Dec 2024

Employing Raman Spectroscopy And Machine Learning For The Identification Of Breast Cancer, Ya Zhang, Zheng Li, Zhongqiang Li, Huaizhi Wang, Dinkar Regmi, Jian Zhang, Jiming Feng, Shaomian Yao, Jian Xu

Faculty Publications

Background: Breast cancer poses a significant health risk to women worldwide, with approximately 30% being diagnosed annually in the United States. The identification of cancerous mammary tissues from non-cancerous ones during surgery is crucial for the complete removal of tumors. Results: Our study innovatively utilized machine learning techniques (Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)) alongside Raman spectroscopy to streamline and hasten the differentiation of normal and late-stage cancerous mammary tissues in mice. The classification accuracy rates achieved by these models were 94.47% for RF, 96.76% for SVM, and 97.58% for CNN, respectively. To our …

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Hydrodynamic Simulations Of White Dwarf-White Dwarf Mergers And The Origin Of R Coronae Borealis Stars, Sagiv Shiber, Orsola De Marco, Patrick M. Motl, Bradley Munson, Dominic C. Marcello, Juhan Frank, Patrick Diehl, Geoffrey C. Clayton, Bennett N. Skinner, Hartmut Kaiser, Gregor Daiß, Dirk Pflüger, Jan E. Staff Dec 2024

Hydrodynamic Simulations Of White Dwarf-White Dwarf Mergers And The Origin Of R Coronae Borealis Stars, Sagiv Shiber, Orsola De Marco, Patrick M. Motl, Bradley Munson, Dominic C. Marcello, Juhan Frank, Patrick Diehl, Geoffrey C. Clayton, Bennett N. Skinner, Hartmut Kaiser, Gregor Daiß, Dirk Pflüger, Jan E. Staff

Faculty Publications

We study the properties of double white dwarf (DWD) mergers by performing hydrodynamic simulations using the new and improved adaptive mesh refinement code octo-tiger. We follow the orbital evolution of DWD systems of mass ratio for tens of orbits until and after the merger to investigate them as a possible origin for R Coronae Borealis (RCB) type stars. We reproduce previous results, finding that during the merger, the helium WD donor star is tidally disrupted within 20-80 min since the beginning of the simulation onto the accretor carbon-oxygen WD, creating a high temperature shell around the accretor. We investigate the …

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