Digital Commons Network^™

Sex And Gender In Research On Healthcare Workers In Conflict Settings: A Scoping Review, Dana A. Halwani, Diana Mikati, Layal Hneiny

Faculty Publications

The occupational health literature has established that sex and gender are associated with all dimensions of the workplace. Sex and/or gender (sex/gender) factors play an important role in shaping the experiences, exposures, and health outcomes of male and female healthcare providers working in war and conflict settings. This study aims to (1) assess how sex/gender is considered in the occupational health literature on healthcare workers in conflict settings, and (2) identify the gaps in incorporating sex/gender concepts in this literature. A scoping review was carried out and nine electronic databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. Two reviewers screened …

Disorder In Twisted Bilayer Graphene, Justin H. Wilson, Yixing Fu, S. Das Sarma, J. H. Pixley

Faculty Publications

We develop a theory for a type of disorder in condensed matter systems arising from local twist-angle fluctuations in two strongly coupled van der Waals monolayers twisted with respect to each other to create a flat-band moiré superlattice. The paradigm of "twist-angle disorder"arises from the currently ongoing intense research activity in the physics of twisted bilayer graphene. In experimental samples of pristine twisted bilayer graphene, which are nominally free of impurities and defects, the main source of disorder is believed to arise from the unavoidable and uncontrollable nonuniformity of the twist angle across the sample. To address this physics of …

Opto-Optical Modulator (Oom) For Extreme Ultraviolet Pulses, A. Olofsson, E. R. Simpson, M. Labeye, S. Camp, N. Ibrakovic, S. Bengtsson, K. J. Schafer, M. B. Gaarde, J. Mauritsson

Faculty Publications

There is a profound, almost symbiotic relation between electrons and photons. When light interacts with matter the electrons in the material will start to move and oscillate. When a charged particle, such as an electron, oscillates it will act as a dipole and emit light. We utilize this symbiotic relation and extend the control of light to the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region using the newly developed XUV opto-optical modulator.

Assessing The Location Of Ionic And Molecular Solutes In A Molecularly Heterogeneous And Nonionic Deep Eutectic Solvent, Xiaobing Chen, Yaowen Cui, Habtom B. Gobeze, Daniel G. Kuroda

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are emerging sustainable designer solvents viewed as greener and better alternatives to ionic liquids. Nonionic DESs possess unique properties such as viscosity and hydrophobicity that make them desirable in microextraction applications such as oil-spill remediation. This work builds upon a nonionic DES, NMA-LA DES, previously designed by our group. The NMA-LA DES presents a rich nanoscopic morphology that could be used to allocate solutes of different polarities. In this work, the possibility of solvating different solutes within the nanoscopically heterogeneous molecular structure of the NMA-LA DES is investigated using ionic …

Characterization Of Bacterial And Fungal Assemblages From Historically Contaminated Metalliferous Soils Using Metagenomics Coupled With Diffusion Chambers And Microbial Traps, Ashish Pathak, Rajneesh Jaswal, Xiaoyu Xu, John R. White, Bobby Edwards, Jaden Hunt, Scott Brooks, Rajesh Singh Rathore, Meenakshi Agarwal, Ashvini Chauhan

Faculty Publications

The majority of environmental microbiomes are not amenable to cultivation under standard laboratory growth conditions and hence remain uncharacterized. For environmental applications, such as bioremediation, it is necessary to isolate microbes performing the desired function, which may not necessarily be the fast growing or the copiotroph microbiota. Toward this end, cultivation and isolation of microbial strains using diffusion chambers (DC) and/or microbial traps (MT) have both been recently demonstrated to be effective strategies because microbial enrichment is facilitated by soil nutrients and not by synthetically defined media, thus simulating their native habitat. In this study, DC/MT chambers were established using …

Cooperative Policing Behaviour Regulates Reproductive Division Of Labour In A Termite, Qian Sun, Jordan D. Hampton, Austin Merchant, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou

Faculty Publications

Reproductive conflicts are common in insect societies where helping castes retain reproductive potential. One of the mechanisms regulating these conflicts is policing, a coercive behaviour that reduces direct reproduction by other individuals. In eusocial Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), workers or the queen act aggressively towards fertile workers, or destroy their eggs. In many termite species (order Blattodea), upon the death of the primary queen and king, workers and nymphs can differentiate into neotenic reproductives and inherit the breeding position. During this process, competition among neotenics is inevitable, but how this conflict is resolved remains unclear. Here, we report a …

Is Betelgeuse The Outcome Of A Past Merger?, E. Chatzopoulos, Juhan Frank, Dominic C. Marcello, Geoffrey C. Clayton

Faculty Publications

We explore the possibility that the star α Orionis (Betelgeuse) is the outcome of a merger that occurred in a low-mass-ratio ( 0.07-0.25) binary system some time in the past hundreds of thousands of years. To that goal, we present a simple analytical model to approximate the perturbed internal structure of a post-merger object following the coalescence of a secondary in the mass range 1-4 M o˙ into the envelope of a 15-17 M o˙ primary. We then compute the long-term evolution of post-merger objects for a grid of initial conditions and make predictions about their surface properties for evolutionary …

Transcriptome Analysis Indicates A Broad Range Of Toxic Effects Of Deepwater Horizon Oil On Seaside Sparrows, A. Bonisoli-Alquati, W. Xu, P. C. Stouffer, S. S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

In marine species, the transcriptomic response to Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil implicated many biochemical pathways, with corresponding adverse outcomes on organ development and physiological performance. Terrestrial organisms differ in their mechanisms of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their physiological challenges, and may reveal either distinct effects of oil on biochemical pathways or the generality of the responses to oil shown in marine species. Using a cross-species hybridization microarray approach, we investigated the transcriptomic response in the liver of Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima) exposed to DWH oil compared with birds from a control site. Our analysis identified 295 genes …

Identifying A Typology Of Emerging Adult Romantic Relationships: Implications For Relationship Education, Jonathon J. Beckmeyer, Tyler B. Jamison

Faculty Publications

Objective: Our objective was to use multiple romantic relationship dimensions to identify a typology of emerging adult romantic relationships.

Background: Emerging adult romantic relationships vary in terms of their relational dynamics, emotional and physical intimacy, and commitment. Understanding the diversity in emerging adult romantic relationships is crucial for developing effective relationship education for emerging adults as they make decisions about their romantic partnerships.

Method: Using data from 396 romantically involved but unmarried emerging adults, we used cluster analysis to identify a typology of romantic relationships based on relational dynamics (i.e., warmth and support and negative interactions), relationship duration, consolidation (i.e., …

Father-Adolescent Relationship Closeness: A Path Analysis Of Family Factor Associates With Father-Adolescent Engagement And Relationship Quality, Mark H. Trahan, Richard H. Morely, Kevin Shafer

Faculty Publications

Father-adolescent child relationship quality has been identified as key to adolescent health outcomes. While factors have previously been identified associated with father-adolescent closeness, a comprehensive model of understanding the influence of these factors is needed. Using cross-sectional data from the Study of Contemporary Fatherhood (SCF), this analysis of father-adolescent relationship closeness evaluated responses of nine hundred (N = 900) father surveys to investigate historical factors, including own father relationship quality, biological fathering, family transitions, and ACEs along with current factors, including co-parenting, depression, parenting stress, knowledge of adolescent, warmth, and engagement, on father-adolescent relationship closeness. Path analysis results indicate that …

The Influence Of Au Substitution And Hydrostatic Pressure On The Phase Transitions And Magnetocaloric Properties Of Mncoge Alloys, Jing Han Chen, Aaron Trigg, Tej Poudel Chhetri, David P. Young, Igor Dubenko, Naushad Ali, Shane Stadler

Faculty Publications

In this work, the phase transitions and magnetocaloric properties of Mn 1-xAu xCoGe (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.025) alloys were studied as a function of concentration x and applied hydrostatic pressure. The increasing substitution of Au for Mn results in the decrease of the first-order martensitic transition temperature, and this first-order martensitic transition was ultimately converted to a second-order magnetic transition when the Au substitution (x) reached 0.025. The magnitudes of the maximum magnetic entropy changes increased when the magnetic and structural transitions were coupled, which occurred for 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.020. The largest maximum magnetic entropy change for …

Erratum: Synthesis Of Functionalized Tetrahydropyransviacascade Cycloaddition Involving Silyloxyallyl Cation Intermediates (Chem. Commun. (2020) 56 (5034–5037) Doi: 10.1039/D0cc01796e), Fatimat O. Badmus, Joshua A. Malone, Frank R. Fronczek, Rendy Kartika

Faculty Publications

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020. The authors regret that the title of the original article was incorrect, with the word ‘‘tetrahydrobenzofurans’’ changed to ‘‘tetrahydropyrans’’ in error. The correct title is ‘‘Synthesis of functionalized tetrahydrobenzofurans via cascade cycloaddition involving silyloxyallyl cation intermediates’’. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.

Reexamination Of The Influence Of Oebalus Pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Infestations On Rice Yield And Quality, Blake E. Wilson, Michael J. Stout

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]. The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), is the most important pest of headed rice, Oryza sativa L., in the United States. Numerous studies have attempted to quantify the impact of O. pugnax feeding on rice yield and grain quality, but these studies have often produced conflicting results. Across mid-south U.S. rice, thresholds based on sweep net sampling are used to determine the need for insecticide applications, but few studies have related sweep net captures …

Spatial And Temporal Changes To A Hydrologically-Reconnected Coastal Wetland: Implications For Restoration, Alina C. Spera, John R. White, Ron Corstanje

Faculty Publications

Mississippi River Delta wetlands were isolated from river influence due to levee construction beginning in the early 1900's. Surface water diversions were primarily designed to manage salinity and maintain marsh vegetation by reintroducing Mississippi River water and nutrients into adjacent wetlands. Phosphorus (P) is a major limiting nutrient that can control productivity, but in excess can contribute to wetland eutrophic conditions and water quality degradation. Most wetland soil characterization assessments consider soil total P, however, this parameter alone cannot describe P bioavailability due to differences in organic and inorganic forms. A soil characterization of the Davis Pond diversion was done …

A Highly Elastic And Fatigue-Resistant Natural Protein-Reinforced Hydrogel Electrolyte For Reversible-Compressible Quasi-Solid-State Supercapacitors, Jingya Nan, Gaitong Zhang, Tianyu Zhu, Zhongkai Wang, Lijun Wang, Hongsheng Wang, Fuxiang Chu, Chunpeng Wang, Chuanbing Tang

Faculty Publications

Compressible solid-state supercapacitors are emerging as promising power sources for next-generation flexible electronics with enhanced safety and mechanical integrity. Highly elastic and compressible solid electrolytes are in great demand to achieve reversible compressibility and excellent capacitive stability of these supercapacitor devices. Here, a lithium ion-conducting hydrogel electrolyte by integrating natural protein nanoparticles into polyacrylamide network is reported. Due to the synergistic effect of natural protein nanoparticles and polyacrylamide chains, the obtained hydrogel shows remarkable elasticity, high compressibility, and fatigue resistance properties. More significantly, the supercapacitor device based on this hydrogel electrolyte exhibits reversible compressibility under multiple cyclic compressions, working well …

Fourier Propagation Tool For Aberration Analysis And A Point Spread Function Calculation Of Systems With Curved Focal Planes, Stephen C. Cain

Faculty Publications

This paper describes a new Fourier propagator for computing the impulse response of an optical system with a curved focal plane array, while including terms ignored in Fresnel and Fraunhofer calculations. The propagator includes a Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction formula calculation from a distant point through the optical system to its image point predicted by geometric optics on a spherical surface. The propagator then approximates the neighboring field points via the traditional binomial approximation of the Taylor series expansion around that field point. This technique results in a propagator that combines the speed of a Fourier transform operation with the accuracy of …

Axisymmetric Gravity In Real Ashtekar Variables: The Quantum Theory, Rodolfo Gambini, Esteban Mato, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

In a previous paper we formulated axisymmetric general relativity in terms of real Ashtekar-Barbero variables. Here we proceed to quantize the theory. We are able to implement Thiemann's version of the Hamiltonian constraint. This provides a 2 + 1 dimensional arena to test ideas for the dynamics of quantum gravity and opens the possibility of quantum studies of rotating black hole spacetimes.

Understanding And Improving Model Representation Of Aerosol Optical Properties For A Chinese Haze Event Measured During Korus-Aq, Pablo E. Saide, Meng Gao, Zifeng Lu, Daniel L. Goldberg, David G. Streets, Jung-Hun Woo, Andreas Beyersdorf, Chelsea A. Corr, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Bruce Anderson, Johnathan W. Hair, Amin R. Nehrir, Glenn S. Diskin, Jose L. Jimenez, Benjamin A. Nault, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Heim, Kara D. Lamb, Joshua P. Schwarz, Anne E. Perring, Jhoon Kim, Myungje Choi, Brent Holben, Gabriele Pfister, Alma Hodzic, Gregory R. Carmichael, Louisa Emmons, James H. Crawford

Faculty Publications

KORUS-AQ was an international cooperative air quality field study in South Korea that measured local and remote sources of air pollution affecting the Korean Peninsula during May–June 2016. Some of the largest aerosol mass concentrations were measured during a Chinese haze transport event (24 May). Air quality forecasts using the WRF-Chem model with aerosol optical depth (AOD) data assimilation captured AOD during this pollution episode but overpredicted surface particulate matter concentrations in South Korea, especially PM2.5, often by a factor of 2 or larger. Analysis revealed multiple sources of model deficiency related to the calculation of optical properties from aerosol …

The Cascade Of Care In Managing Hypertension In The Arab World: A Systematic Assessment Of The Evidence On Awareness, Treatment And Control, Christelle Akl, Chaza Akik, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer

Faculty Publications

Background:

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for mortality and morbidity globally and in the Arab world. We summarize the evidence on awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, to assess the extent of gaps in the hypertension continuum of care. We also assess the influence of gender and other social determinants at each level of the cascade of care.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE and SSCI databases for studies published between 2000 and 2017, reporting the rates of awareness, treatment or control of hypertension and/or their determinants in the Arab region. We included sources on both general populations and on clinical …

The Robustness Of Reciprocity: Experimental Evidence That Each Form Of Reciprocity Is Robust To The Presence Of Other Forms Of Reciprocity, David Melamed, Brent Simpson, Jered Abernathy

Faculty Publications

Prosocial behavior is paradoxical because it often entails a cost to one’s own welfare to benefit others. Theoretical models suggest that prosociality is driven by several forms of reciprocity. Although we know a great deal about how each of these forms operates in isolation, they are rarely isolated in the real world. Rather, the topological features of human social networks are such that people are often confronted with multiple types of reciprocity simultaneously. Does our current understanding of human prosociality break down if we account for the fact that the various forms of reciprocity tend to co-occur in nature? Results …

Heavy Metals In The Arctic: Distribution And Enrichment Of Five Metals In Alaskan Soils, Clarice R. Perryman, Jochen Wirsing, Kathryn A. Bennett, Owen Brennick, Apryl L. Perry, Nicole Williamson, Jessica G. Ernakovich

Faculty Publications

Metal contamination of food and water resources is a known public health issue in Arctic and sub-Arctic communities due to the proximity of many communities to mining and drilling sites. In addition, permafrost thaw may release heavy metals sequestered in previously frozen soils, potentially contaminating food and water resources by increasing the concentration of metals in freshwater, plants, and wildlife. Here we assess the enrichment of selected heavy metals in Alaskan soils by synthesizing publicly available data of soil metal concentrations. We analyzed data of soil concentrations of arsenic, chromium, mercury, nickel, and lead from over 1,000 samples available through …

In Vitro And In Vivo Characterization Of Potent Antileishmanial Methionine Aminopeptidase 1 Inhibitors, Felipe Rodriguez, Sarah F. John, Eva Iniguez, Sebastian Montalvo, Karina Michael, Lyndsey White, Dong Liang, Omonike A. Olaleye, Rosa A. Maldonado

Faculty Publications

Leishmania major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). No human vaccine is available for CL, and current drug regimens present several drawbacks, such as emerging resistance, severe toxicity, medium effectiveness, and/or high cost. Thus, the need for better treatment options against CL is a priority. In the present study, we validate the enzyme methionine aminopeptidase 1 of L. major (MetAP1Lm), a metalloprotease that catalyzes the removal of N-terminal methionine from peptides and proteins, as a chemotherapeutic target against CL infection. The in vitro antileishmanial activities of eight novel MetAP1 inhibitors (OJT001 to OJT008) were investigated. Three compounds, OJT006, …

Critical Consciousness In Children And Adolescents: A Systematic Review,Critical Assessment, And Recommendations For Future Research, Amy E. Heberle, Luke J. Rapa, Flora Farago

Faculty Publications

Critical consciousness refers to an individual’s awareness of oppressive systemic forces in society, a sense of efficacy to work against oppression, and engagement in individual or collective action against oppression. In the past few decades, interest in critical consciousness as a resource that may promote thriving in marginalized people has grown tremendously. This article critically examines the results of a systematic review of 67 studies of critical consciousness in children and adolescents, published between 1998 and 2019. Across these studies, major themes included the role of socialization experiences, relationships, and context in the development of critical consciousness. In addition, critical …

Review Of J.W. Mohnhaupt, The Zookeepers' War, Carol A. Leibiger

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Change Power Is In The Process: When Listening Is Not Enough, Judy Rashid

Faculty Publications

This piece reflects on the limits of listening sessions held in the wake of George Floyd’s death and argues that true organizational and societal change requires full participation, open dialogue, and collaborative mediation processes. Dr. Rashid draws on principles of conflict management to propose a model for engaging both sides in constructive discourse that leads to action.

The Prodigal Son Comes Home: Ecuador Returns To Investment Arbitration, Gilberto Guerrero-Rocca

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Process-Based, Fully Distributed Soil Erosion And Sediment Transport Model For Wrf-Hydro, Dongxiao Yin, Z. George Xue, David J. Gochis, Wei Yu, Mirce Morales, Arezoo Rafieeinasab

Faculty Publications

Asoil erosion and sediment transport model (WRF-Hydro-Sed) is introduced to WRF-Hydro. As a process-based, fully distributed soil erosion model, WRF-Hydro-Sed accounts for both overland and channel processes. Model performance is evaluated using observed rain gauge, streamflow, and sediment concentration data during rainfall events in the Goodwin Creek ExperimentalWatershed in Mississippi, USA. Both streamflow and sediment yield can be calibrated and validated successfully at a watershed scale during rainfall events. Further discussion reveals the model's uncertainty and the applicability of calibrated hydro-and sediment parameters to different events. While an intensive calibration over multiple events can improve the model's performance to a …

Evidence Of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection Across The Large Geographic Range Of A Wild Seabird, Hila Levy, Stephen R. Fiddaman, Julianna A. Vianna, Daly Noll, Gemma Clucas, Jasmine K. H. Sidhu, Michael J. Polito, Charles A. Bost, Richard A. Phillips, Sarah Crofts, Gary D. Miller, Pierre Pistorius, Francesco Bonnadonna, Celine Le Bohec, Andres Barbosa, Phil Trathan, Andrea Raya Rey, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Tom Hart, Adrian L. Smith

Faculty Publications

Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immunepheno type of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depend on the local pathogen composition, which is in turn determined by biotic and abiotic features of the environment. However, little is known about adaptation to local pathogen threats in wild animals. The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a species complex that lends itself to the study of immune adaptation because of its circumpolar distribution over a large latitudinal range, with little or no admixture between ''different clades. Inthis study, we examine the …

Effects Of A Tropical Cyclone On Salt Marsh Insect Communities And Post-Cyclone Reassembly Processes, Xuan Chen, Benjamin J. Adams, William J. Platt, Linda M. Hooper-Bùi

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos Concepts regarding effects of recurrent natural disturbances and subsequent responses of communities are central to ecology and conservation biology. Tropical cyclones constitute major disturbances producing direct effects (damage, mortality) in many coastal communities worldwide. Subsequent reassembly involves changes in composition and abundance for which the underlying mechanisms (deterministic and stochastic processes) are still not clear, especially for mobile organisms. We examined tropical cyclone-induced changes in composition and reassembly of entire insect communities in 16 Louisiana coastal salt marshes before and after Hurricane …

Altered Gut Microbiota In Infants Is Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity, Jeffrey N. Harding, David Siefker, Luan Vu, Dahui You, John Devincenzo, J. F. Pierre, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the number one cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. There are still no vaccines or specific antiviral therapies against RSV, mainly due to the inadequate understanding of RSV pathogenesis. Recent data suggest a role for gut microbiota community structure in determining RSV disease severity. Our objective was to determine the gut microbial profile associated with severe RSV patients, which could be used to help identify at-risk patients and develop therapeutically protective microbial assemblages that may stimulate immuno-protection. Results: We enrolled 95 infants from Le Bonheur during the 2014 …