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Systematic Improvements In Transmon Qubit Coherence Enabled By Niobium Surface Encapsulation, Mustafa Bal, Akshay A. Murthy, Shaojiang Zhu, Francesco Crisa, Xinyuan You, Ziwen Huang, Tanay Roy, Jaeyel Lee, David Van Zanten, Roman Pilipenko, Ivan Nekrashevich, Andrei Lunin, Daniel Bafia, Yulia Krasnikova, Cameron J. Kopas, Ella O. Lachman, Duncan Miller, Josh Y. Mutus, Matthew J. Reagor, Hilal Cansizoglu, Jayss Marshall, David P. Pappas, Kim Vu, Kameshwar Yadavalli, Jin Su Oh, Lin Zhou, Matthew J. Kramer, Florent Lecocq, Dominic P. Goronzy, Carlos G. Torres-Castanedo, P. Graham Pritchard, Vinayak P. Dravid, James M. Rondinelli Dec 2024

Systematic Improvements In Transmon Qubit Coherence Enabled By Niobium Surface Encapsulation, Mustafa Bal, Akshay A. Murthy, Shaojiang Zhu, Francesco Crisa, Xinyuan You, Ziwen Huang, Tanay Roy, Jaeyel Lee, David Van Zanten, Roman Pilipenko, Ivan Nekrashevich, Andrei Lunin, Daniel Bafia, Yulia Krasnikova, Cameron J. Kopas, Ella O. Lachman, Duncan Miller, Josh Y. Mutus, Matthew J. Reagor, Hilal Cansizoglu, Jayss Marshall, David P. Pappas, Kim Vu, Kameshwar Yadavalli, Jin Su Oh, Lin Zhou, Matthew J. Kramer, Florent Lecocq, Dominic P. Goronzy, Carlos G. Torres-Castanedo, P. Graham Pritchard, Vinayak P. Dravid, James M. Rondinelli

Faculty Publications

We present a transmon qubit fabrication technique that yields systematic improvements in T1 relaxation times. We encapsulate the surface of niobium and prevent the formation of its lossy surface oxide. By maintaining the same superconducting metal and only varying the surface, this comparative investigation examining different capping materials, such as tantalum, aluminum, titanium nitride, and gold, as well as substrates across different qubit foundries demonstrates the detrimental impact that niobium oxides have on coherence times of superconducting qubits, compared to native oxides of tantalum, aluminum or titanium nitride. Our surface-encapsulated niobium qubit devices exhibit T1 relaxation times 2–5 times longer …

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Metabarcoding The Arctic Ocean Helps Reveal Its Hidden Microbial Community Composition, Rafet Çağrı Öztürk, Yahya Terzi, Sheila Rodríguez-Machado, Ersan Başar, Ali Muzaffer Feyzioğlu, Dilek Ustaoğlu, Ertuğrul Ağırbaş, Prosanta Chakrabarty Dec 2024

Metabarcoding The Arctic Ocean Helps Reveal Its Hidden Microbial Community Composition, Rafet Çağrı Öztürk, Yahya Terzi, Sheila Rodríguez-Machado, Ersan Başar, Ali Muzaffer Feyzioğlu, Dilek Ustaoğlu, Ertuğrul Ağırbaş, Prosanta Chakrabarty

Faculty Publications

The Arctic Ocean supports a unique and dynamic microbial community, yet its composition, structure, and response to environmental shifts remain incompletely understood. In this study, 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding (targeting the V3-V4 and V4-V5 hypervariable regions) was used to assess surface water microbial diversity across 20 stations in the Barents Sea, focusing on latitudinal variations within two contrasting current systems: the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) and the East Spitsbergen Current (ESC). Our results showed that the microbial community is dominated by three primary families—Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae (14.20%). Comparative analysis of the V3-V4 and V4-V5 regions reveals that each region …

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Global Well-Posedness For Supercritical Sqg With Perturbations Of Radially Symmetric Data, Aynur Bulut, Hongjie Dong Dec 2024

Global Well-Posedness For Supercritical Sqg With Perturbations Of Radially Symmetric Data, Aynur Bulut, Hongjie Dong

Faculty Publications

We study the global well-posedness of the supercritical dissipative surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation, a key model in geophysical fluid dynamics. While local well-posedness is known, achieving global well-posedness for large initial data remains open. Motivated by enhanced decay in radial solutions, we aim to establish global well-posedness for small perturbations of potentially large radial data. Our main result shows that for small perturbations of radial data, the SQG equation admits a unique global solution.

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Creating A Bio-Based Circular Economy From Louisiana Sugarcane Byproducts, G. Aita, D. Bhatnagar, G. O. Bruni, M. Deliberto, G. Eggleston, A. Finger, K. Gravois, M. Isied, W. Judice, K. T. Klasson, I. M. Lima, J. L. Purswell, M. Souliman, E. Terrell, B. S. Tubaña, H. L. Waguespack, J. J. Wang, P. M. White Dec 2024

Creating A Bio-Based Circular Economy From Louisiana Sugarcane Byproducts, G. Aita, D. Bhatnagar, G. O. Bruni, M. Deliberto, G. Eggleston, A. Finger, K. Gravois, M. Isied, W. Judice, K. T. Klasson, I. M. Lima, J. L. Purswell, M. Souliman, E. Terrell, B. S. Tubaña, H. L. Waguespack, J. J. Wang, P. M. White

Faculty Publications

Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is Louisiana's number one row crop. Growing and processing sugarcane produces significant amounts of byproducts, including bagasse, crop residue, molasses, filter-press mud, and boiler fly ash. These products represent an important opportunity to generate value-added and specialty products and enhance sugarcane's sustainability by facilitating a circular economy, where agricultural by-products are reused instead of disposing them (linear economy), in order to reduce resource use and energy demand. Examples of value-added products range from biochar, construction materials, animal feed, biofuels, nanoparticles, and fertilizer. Paramount to the success of the bio-based circular economy is creating useful products that …

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Management Strategies For Preventing And Recovering From Bermudagrass Winterkill, W. J. Hutchens, T. Q. Carr, A. J. Patton, C. A. Bigelow, E. J. Deboer, J. M. Goatley, D. L. Martin, D. S. Mccall, G. L. Miller, J. S. Powlen, M. D. Richardson, M. Xiang Dec 2024

Management Strategies For Preventing And Recovering From Bermudagrass Winterkill, W. J. Hutchens, T. Q. Carr, A. J. Patton, C. A. Bigelow, E. J. Deboer, J. M. Goatley, D. L. Martin, D. S. Mccall, G. L. Miller, J. S. Powlen, M. D. Richardson, M. Xiang

Faculty Publications

Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp. Rich) is a warm-season grass that is widely planted throughout tropical, sub-tropical, and even temperate climates, and it generally requires fewer inputs than most cool-season turfgrasses. In recent years, the area of adaptation for bermudagrass has progressively expanded to cooler climates due to the development of more cold-tolerant cultivars. The expanded area of adaptation as well as the reduced inputs required to maintain healthy turfgrass have made bermudagrass a popular choice in areas of marginal adaptation. In these areas, the greatest threat to bermudagrass health and survivability is winterkill. This management guide seeks to describe winterkill: what …

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Research Overview On Urban Heat Islands Driven By Computational Intelligence, Chao Liu, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Wenfeng Zheng Dec 2024

Research Overview On Urban Heat Islands Driven By Computational Intelligence, Chao Liu, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Wenfeng Zheng

Faculty Publications

In recent years, the intensification of the urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a significant concern as urbanization accelerates. This survey comprehensively explores the current status of surface UHI research, emphasizing the role of land use and land cover changes (LULC) in urban environments. We conducted a systematic review of 8260 journal articles from the Web of Science database, employing bibliometric analysis and keyword co-occurrence analysis using CiteSpace to identify research hotspots and trends. Our investigation reveals that vegetation cover and land use types are the two most critical factors influencing UHI intensity. We analyze various computational intelligence techniques, …

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Current Situation And Prospect Of Geospatial Ai In Air Pollution Prediction, Chunlai Wu, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Wenfeng Zheng Dec 2024

Current Situation And Prospect Of Geospatial Ai In Air Pollution Prediction, Chunlai Wu, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Wenfeng Zheng

Faculty Publications

Faced with increasingly serious environmental problems, scientists have conducted extensive research, among which the importance of air quality prediction is becoming increasingly prominent. This article briefly reviews the utilization of geographic artificial intelligence (AI) in air pollution. Firstly, this paper conducts a literature metrology analysis on the research of geographical AI used in air pollution. That is, 607 documents are retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) using appropriate keywords, and literature metrology analysis is conducted using Citespace to summarize research hotspots and frontier countries in this field. Among them, China plays a constructive role in the fields of geographic …

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Preserving The Future Of Juries And Jury Trials, Paula Hannaford-Agor, Hope Forbush, Miriam Hamilton, Jawwaad Johnson, Morgan Moffett Dec 2024

Preserving The Future Of Juries And Jury Trials, Paula Hannaford-Agor, Hope Forbush, Miriam Hamilton, Jawwaad Johnson, Morgan Moffett

Faculty Publications

To preserve the future of juries and jury trials, the National Center for State Courts (NCSC) convened a meeting of representatives from a broad array of justice system stakeholders as a project under the Justice for All Reauthorization Act (JFARA). To frame the stakeholder discussions, NCSC employed strategic foresight, a methodological approach designed to explore a range of possible futures of juries and jury trials within the American justice system as a vehicle for identifying critical vulnerabilities within the current jury system and proposing targeted strategies to preserve and strengthen jury trials. Critical vulnerabilities are those areas of weakness that …

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Integrated Child Nutrition, Parenting, And Health Intervention In Rural Liberia: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study, Sejla Isanovic, Musa Sanoe, Shelbie Wooten, Edward A. Frongillo Ph.D., Aisha K. Yousafzai, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Mufaro Kanyangarara Ph.D., Melanie Swan, Nicole Rodger, Miriam Murray, Leila M. Larson Ph.D., Mph Dec 2024

Integrated Child Nutrition, Parenting, And Health Intervention In Rural Liberia: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study, Sejla Isanovic, Musa Sanoe, Shelbie Wooten, Edward A. Frongillo Ph.D., Aisha K. Yousafzai, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Mufaro Kanyangarara Ph.D., Melanie Swan, Nicole Rodger, Miriam Murray, Leila M. Larson Ph.D., Mph

Faculty Publications

In Liberia, children are exposed to multiple forms of adversity which can negatively impact their health and development. Research is needed to examine the feasibility and benefits of integrated interventions that can be incorporated into existing health delivery programs to simultaneously address low responsive stimulation, undernutrition, and infection. This study assessed the feasibility of an integrated intervention promoting psychosocial stimulation and improved child feeding by the provision of eggs and fish. The integrated intervention was incorporated into an existing government health program. Thirty female caregiver-child dyads were randomly selected from two rural communities in Liberia. Participants received fortnightly group parenting …

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Controlling Anti-Asian Conduct On College Campuses: Can Including Ethnic Studies Programs Help?, Hani Morgan Dec 2024

Controlling Anti-Asian Conduct On College Campuses: Can Including Ethnic Studies Programs Help?, Hani Morgan

Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered hostile acts against Asian college students. One of the ways to respond to these acts is to increase Asian American ethnic studies programs and courses. Although critics argue that ethnic studies cause divisiveness, research indicates that they are beneficial to students from all groups. University administrators may fear implementing these programs because they sometimes associate them with the violence that occurred during the late 1960s when students demanded ethnic studies to be included in the college curriculum. But this to a great extent by the poor representation of racial minority groups in the curriculum and …

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Investigation Of Magnesium-Potassium Phosphates As Potential Nuclear Waste Form For The Immobilization Of Minor Actinides, Hans Conrad Zur Loye, Petr Vecernik, Monika Kiselova, Vlastislav Kašpar, Hana Korenkova, Vlastimil Miller, Petr Bezdicka, Jan Šubrt, Natalija Murafa, Volodymyr Shkuropatenko, Sergey Sayenko Dec 2024

Investigation Of Magnesium-Potassium Phosphates As Potential Nuclear Waste Form For The Immobilization Of Minor Actinides, Hans Conrad Zur Loye, Petr Vecernik, Monika Kiselova, Vlastislav Kašpar, Hana Korenkova, Vlastimil Miller, Petr Bezdicka, Jan Šubrt, Natalija Murafa, Volodymyr Shkuropatenko, Sergey Sayenko

Faculty Publications

Several recent studies have evaluated technologies of spent nuclear fuel processing specifically for solidifying transuranic (TRU) waste as a by-product of fission. Of the TRU group, plutonium and the minor actinides will be responsible for the bulk of the radiotoxicity and heat generation of spent nuclear fuel in the long term (300 to 20,000 years). In this study, we investigated magnesium potassium phosphate (MKP)-based compounds as host waste forms for the encapsulation of inactive trivalent Nd and Sm as analogues of the minor trivalent actinides, Am and Cm. Waste forms were fabricated under ambient atmospheric conditions by adding 5 wt.% …

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Strategic (Non)Disclosure: Activation And Avoidance Of Social Ties Among Women Seeking Abortion, Kathleen Broussard Dec 2024

Strategic (Non)Disclosure: Activation And Avoidance Of Social Ties Among Women Seeking Abortion, Kathleen Broussard

Faculty Publications

The increased politicization of sexual and reproductive health has created barriers to medically necessary care. In absence of formal health care, social ties become critical sources of information and resources, yet the disclosure of stigmatized health needs carries significant risk. How do people navigate the risks and benefits of disclosure when seeking care for stigmatized needs? Drawing on original survey data (N = 153) and in-depth interviews (N = 55) with women who attempted a self-managed abortion, I first describe the distinct roles of weak and strong ties in women’s health-seeking experiences. I then demonstrate how both partial disclosure and …

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Detecting N-Phenyl-2-Naphthylamine, L-Arabinose, D-Mannose, L-Phenylalanine, L-Methionine, And D-Trehalose Via Photocurrent Measurement, Feng Li, Ruoxi Yang, Jian Xu, Guohai Xu, Ye Wu Dec 2024

Detecting N-Phenyl-2-Naphthylamine, L-Arabinose, D-Mannose, L-Phenylalanine, L-Methionine, And D-Trehalose Via Photocurrent Measurement, Feng Li, Ruoxi Yang, Jian Xu, Guohai Xu, Ye Wu

Faculty Publications

The concentration of small molecules reflects the normality of physiological processes in the human body, making the development of simple and efficient detection equipment essential. In this work, inspired by a facile strategy in point-of-care detection, two devices were fabricated to detect small molecules via photocurrent measurement. A linear response of the photocurrent against the concentration of the small molecules was found. In the first device, metal ions were introduced into gel substrates made by xanthan gum to enhance photocurrent response. N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine was measured when iron or manganese ions were used. L-Phenylalanine was measured when the gel was modified by …

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Temporal Metadata Analysis: A Learning Classifier System Approach, Michael C. Todd, Gilbert L. Peterson Dec 2024

Temporal Metadata Analysis: A Learning Classifier System Approach, Michael C. Todd, Gilbert L. Peterson

Faculty Publications

Digital forensics is a complex field that requires expert knowledge (EK) and specialized tools to collect, analyze, and report on digital evidence. Temporal metadata analysis is particularly challenging, requiring expert knowledge to understand and interpret underlying traces and associate them with their source. This paper introduces Digital Trace Inspector (DTI), a Learning Classifier System (LCS)-based decision support tool for temporal metadata analysis. DTI leverages a binary Michigan-style LCS to locate and group corroborating temporal digital traces of targeted user activity. Rules are built from expert-created atomics encoded as feature vectors using patterns defined in a structured EK rule framework. The …

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Introducing The Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology For Neural Ordinary Differential Equations—I: Mathematical Framework, Dan Gabriel Cacuci Dec 2024

Introducing The Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology For Neural Ordinary Differential Equations—I: Mathematical Framework, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This work introduces the mathematical framework of the novel “First-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Ordinary Differential Equations” (1st-FASAM-NODE). The 1st-FASAM-NODE methodology produces and computes most efficiently the exact expressions of all of the first-order sensitivities of NODE-decoder responses with respect to the parameters underlying the NODE’s decoder, hidden layers, and encoder, after having optimized the NODE-net to represent the physical system under consideration. Building on the 1st-FASAM-NODE, this work subsequently introduces the mathematical framework of the novel “Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (2nd-FASAM-NODE)”. The 2nd-FASAM-NODE methodology efficiently computes the exact expressions …

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Proceeding Toward The Maximum Of Solar Cycle 25 With A Radiation Environment Similar To The Previous Cycle, Fatemeh Rahmanifard, Morgan L. Macleod, Wouter C. De Wet, Andrew P. Jordan, Jody K. Wilson, Harlan E. Spence, Nathan A. Schwadron Dec 2024

Proceeding Toward The Maximum Of Solar Cycle 25 With A Radiation Environment Similar To The Previous Cycle, Fatemeh Rahmanifard, Morgan L. Macleod, Wouter C. De Wet, Andrew P. Jordan, Jody K. Wilson, Harlan E. Spence, Nathan A. Schwadron

Faculty Publications

The Sun exhibited lower-than-average activity levels, including a weak maximum and a prolonged minimum in the solar cycle (SC) 24. Thiswas following a 60-year trend of weakening solar activity, leading to speculations that we could be moving into another secular minimum scenario like the Dalton or the Gleissberg periods. During such periods, the fluxes of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) increase significantly, introducing radiation hazards for long-term crewed space explorations. In our previous work, we predicted the level of solar activity, and thus, the radiation environment for SC25 will be similar to SC24. In this paper, we show that, to date, …

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The Relationship Between A Transient Scientific Phenomenon And Local Journalism At The Beginning Of The Gilded Age, Thomas Hockey Dec 2024

The Relationship Between A Transient Scientific Phenomenon And Local Journalism At The Beginning Of The Gilded Age, Thomas Hockey

Faculty Publications

In the United States, the nineteenth century was the halcyon era for local newspapers. These publications were the primary source of public information at a time when other periodicals and books had low circulation. The purpose of this paper is to explore how local journalism in the nineteenth-century United States dealt with an occasion outside the boundaries of the commonplace: an unfamiliar natural phenomenon. My example is the total solar eclipse of 7 August 1869. Editors and journalists of the time largely were unaccustomed to covering celestial events. Nevertheless, they sensed—correctly—an interest in the solar eclipse. Articles about the approaching …

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The Pagan Reception Of Judaism From The Sibylline Oracles: Insights From Pseudo-Seneca’S Octavia Regarding The Creation And Circulation Of Oral Sibylline Oracles By The Plebs, Kenneth Atkinson Dec 2024

The Pagan Reception Of Judaism From The Sibylline Oracles: Insights From Pseudo-Seneca’S Octavia Regarding The Creation And Circulation Of Oral Sibylline Oracles By The Plebs, Kenneth Atkinson

Faculty Publications

According to tradition, the original collection of Sibylline Books ac­quired by the Roman monarch Tarquinius Priscus, which were kept in the Temple of Jupiter in the capital, were lost in the fire of 83 BCE. In 76 BCE, the Senate ordered the college of the quindecimviri to travel to the traditional centers of Sibylline activity in the East to find Sibylline Oracles to replace those destroyed in the fire. According to Lactantius, these officials collected many Oracles from private individuals. This reference suggests that Sibylline Oracles circulated widely. However, based on the witnesses regarding their consultation, it appears that the …

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An Account Of The 1453 Ce Ottoman Siege Of Constantinople Interpreted Through A First Century Bce Jewish Text: How An Ancient Collection Of Second Temple Period Poems Changed The Course Of Western Civilization, Kenneth Atkinson Dec 2024

An Account Of The 1453 Ce Ottoman Siege Of Constantinople Interpreted Through A First Century Bce Jewish Text: How An Ancient Collection Of Second Temple Period Poems Changed The Course Of Western Civilization, Kenneth Atkinson

Faculty Publications

On 29 May 1453 CE, the besieged Christian occupants of Constantinople — the capital of the Byzantine Empire and the last surviving portion of the former Roman Empire — knew the end was near when they heard 50,000-80,000 angry Ottoman soldiers, including 5,000 to 10,000 of the elite Janissaries — the Sultan’s shook troops — preparing to breach its walls after a 53-day siege. The 7,000-man army defending the city knew that all was lost. The 21-year-old Sultan Mehmet II — given the sobriquet “the Conqueror” for capturing the city — leveled the roads so his army could reach Constantinople’s …

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Behind The Screen: Exploring Parental Roles In K-12 Online Education, Barbara T. Sandberg, Charles R. Graham, Jered Borup, Richard E. West, Rocio Quiroga Velasquez Dec 2024

Behind The Screen: Exploring Parental Roles In K-12 Online Education, Barbara T. Sandberg, Charles R. Graham, Jered Borup, Richard E. West, Rocio Quiroga Velasquez

Faculty Publications

Independent engagement can be challenging for K-12 online students. Parents’ physical presence makes them an important source of engagement support. Previous research on parental support in online courses is limited and focused on asynchronous learning within a single program. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, online enrollments have grown and instructional modalities have evolved. To better understand parental support post-Covid, we interviewed 21 parents across eight online programs with asynchronous, synchronous, and bichronous course offerings. Parents identified their affective, behavioral, cognitive, and other support roles. Implications for parental roles in addressing the academic engagement gap are provided to both researchers and practitioners.

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Cryo-Em Structure Of A Photosystem I Variant Containing An Unusual Plastoquinone Derivative In Its Electron Transfer Chain, Christopher J. Gisriel, Vasily Kurashov, David F. Iwig, Brandon P. Russell, David J. Vinyard, Gary W. Brudvig, John H. Golbeck, K. V. Lakshmi Nov 2024

Cryo-Em Structure Of A Photosystem I Variant Containing An Unusual Plastoquinone Derivative In Its Electron Transfer Chain, Christopher J. Gisriel, Vasily Kurashov, David F. Iwig, Brandon P. Russell, David J. Vinyard, Gary W. Brudvig, John H. Golbeck, K. V. Lakshmi

Faculty Publications

Photosystem I (PS I) is a light-driven oxidoreductase responsible for converting photons into chemical bond energy. Its application for renewable energy was revolutionized by the creation of the MenB deletion (ΔmenB) variant in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, in which phylloquinone is replaced by plastoquinone-9 with a low binding affinity. This permits its exchange with exogenous quinones covalently coupled to dihydrogen catalysts that bind with high affinity, thereby converting PS I into a stable solar fuel catalyst. Here, we reveal the 2.03-Å-resolution cryo-EM structure of a recent MenB variant of PS I. The quinones and their binding environment are …

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Human Capital Assessment In Indigenous Regions To Enable Sustainable Futures, Victoria N. Sharakhmatova, Elena G. Mikhailova Nov 2024

Human Capital Assessment In Indigenous Regions To Enable Sustainable Futures, Victoria N. Sharakhmatova, Elena G. Mikhailova

Faculty Publications

This study is dedicated to the economic valuation of human capital (HC) in the regions where the Indigenous peoples of Kamchatka reside. The entire Kamchatksky Krai is considered an Indigenous people’s ancestral territory. However, in this study, only municipalities whose population is more than one-third Indigenous were chosen for the assessment. This includes six municipal districts and one urban district (Aleytsky, Bystrinsky, Karaginsky, Olyutorsky, Penzhinsky, and Tigilsky municipal districts and Palana urban district). The study employs statistical analysis and integrated, situational approaches: the investment approach was deemed the most appropriate tool for the economic assessment of HC in Indigenous territories. …

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Implications Of Energetic Neutral Atoms Observed With Ibex-Lo For The Pressure Balance In The Heliosphere, André Galli, Peter Wurz, Nathan A. Schwadron, Eberhard Möbius, Stephen A. Fuselier, Justyna M. Sokół, Maciej Bzowski, Paweł Swaczyna, Kostas Dialynas, David J. Mccomas Nov 2024

Implications Of Energetic Neutral Atoms Observed With Ibex-Lo For The Pressure Balance In The Heliosphere, André Galli, Peter Wurz, Nathan A. Schwadron, Eberhard Möbius, Stephen A. Fuselier, Justyna M. Sokół, Maciej Bzowski, Paweł Swaczyna, Kostas Dialynas, David J. Mccomas

Faculty Publications

Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) from the heliosphere are a unique means to remotely image the boundary regions of our heliosphere. NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has been very successful in measuring these ENAs since 2008 at energies from tens of eV to 6 keV.The ENA low energy range from tens of eV to solar wind energy (roughly 1 keV) has been sampled throughout an entire solar cycle with the IBEX-Lo ENA imager. This enables us to study the physical implications for the structure of the heliosphere and for the parent proton populations in the heliosheath and other plasma regions that …

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The Climate Impact Of Tropical Peatland Degradation, René Dommain, Steve Frolking, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, John Couwenberg, Paul Glaser, Alexander Cobb, Charles Harvey Nov 2024

The Climate Impact Of Tropical Peatland Degradation, René Dommain, Steve Frolking, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, John Couwenberg, Paul Glaser, Alexander Cobb, Charles Harvey

Faculty Publications

Southeast Asia is a global hotspot of peatland degradation and related greenhouse gas emissions. Anthropogenic impacts, mainly associated with agricultural conversion, shift Southeast Asian peatlands from carbon sinks to significant carbon sources. Here we first describe the impacts of anthropogenic drainage on landscape-scale carbon dynamics of individual peatlands and then use an impulse‐response model of radiative forcing to quantify the climate impacts of peat-carbon losses. Whereas water-table elevation (i.e. drainage depth) determines the magnitude of CO2 emissions at the site-scale, the geometric arrangement of artificial drainage networks determines carbon losses on the landscape-scale. Among all peatland greenhouse gas fluxes, the …

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Monte Carlo Error Analysis Of Lightning Interferometry With Lofar, Paulina Turekova, Brian Hare, Olaf Scholten, Steven Cummer, Joseph Dwyer, Ningyu Liu, Chris Sterpka, Sander Ter Veen Nov 2024

Monte Carlo Error Analysis Of Lightning Interferometry With Lofar, Paulina Turekova, Brian Hare, Olaf Scholten, Steven Cummer, Joseph Dwyer, Ningyu Liu, Chris Sterpka, Sander Ter Veen

Faculty Publications

The LOFAR radio telescope works on a principle of radio interferometric imaging. It coherently sums the signal of hundreds of antennas in northern Netherlands, covering the 30-80 MHz window of the very high frequency (VHF) band of 30-300 MHz. We are using the TRI-D algorithm to extract 3-D polarization data of a lightning flash observed by LOFAR. TRI-D functions by coherently summing recorded voltages, accounting for the antenna function, polarization, and geometric time delay for each voxel. The result is split into time slices. A coherent intensity is calculated for each time slice, and the maximum of this value is …

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Implications Of Energetic Neutral Atoms Observed With Ibex-Lo For The Pressure Balance In The Heliosphere, André Galli, Peter Wurz, Nathan A. Schwadron, Eberhard Möbius, Stephen A. Fuselier, Justyna M. Sokół, Maciej Bzowski, Paweł Swaczyna, Kostas Dialynas, David J. Mccomas Nov 2024

Implications Of Energetic Neutral Atoms Observed With Ibex-Lo For The Pressure Balance In The Heliosphere, André Galli, Peter Wurz, Nathan A. Schwadron, Eberhard Möbius, Stephen A. Fuselier, Justyna M. Sokół, Maciej Bzowski, Paweł Swaczyna, Kostas Dialynas, David J. Mccomas

Faculty Publications

Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) from the heliosphere are a unique means to remotely image the boundary regions of our heliosphere. NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has been very successful in measuring these ENAs since 2008 at energies from tens of eV to 6 keV.The ENA low energy range from tens of eV to solar wind energy (roughly 1 keV) has been sampled throughout an entire solar cycle with the IBEX-Lo ENA imager. This enables us to study the physical implications for the structure of the heliosphere and for the parent proton populations in the heliosheath and other plasma regions that …

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Spatial Pattern And Differential Expression Analysis With Spatial Transcriptomic Data, Fei Qin, Xizhi Luo, Bo Cai Ph.D., Feifei Xiao, Guoshuai Cai Nov 2024

Spatial Pattern And Differential Expression Analysis With Spatial Transcriptomic Data, Fei Qin, Xizhi Luo, Bo Cai Ph.D., Feifei Xiao, Guoshuai Cai

Faculty Publications

The emergence of spatial transcriptomic technologies has opened new avenues for investigating gene activities while preserving the spatial context of tissues. Utilizing data generated by such technologies, the identification of spatially variable (SV) genes is an essential step in exploring tissue landscapes and biological processes. Particularly in typical experimental designs, such as case-control or longitudinal studies, identifying SV genes between groups is crucial for discovering significant biomarkers or developing targeted therapies for diseases. However, current methods available for analyzing spatial transcriptomic data are still in their infancy, and none of the existing methods are capable of identifying SV genes between …

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Very Minor Ions In The Magnetosphere: A Hub Of The Mesospheric, Ionospheric, Magnetospheric, Solar Wind, Lunar, And Meteoroid Sciences., Masatoshi Yamauchi, Iannis Dandouras, Peter Würz, Daniel Kastinen, John Plane, Leonard Schulz, Andrew Yau, Lynn M. Kistler, Steve Christon, Stein Haaland, Yoshifumi Saito, Satonori Nozawa, Ingrid Mann, Shigeto Watanabe, Tinna Gunnarsdottir Nov 2024

Very Minor Ions In The Magnetosphere: A Hub Of The Mesospheric, Ionospheric, Magnetospheric, Solar Wind, Lunar, And Meteoroid Sciences., Masatoshi Yamauchi, Iannis Dandouras, Peter Würz, Daniel Kastinen, John Plane, Leonard Schulz, Andrew Yau, Lynn M. Kistler, Steve Christon, Stein Haaland, Yoshifumi Saito, Satonori Nozawa, Ingrid Mann, Shigeto Watanabe, Tinna Gunnarsdottir

Faculty Publications

This is the summary of findings by ISSI topical team on the molecular and metallic ions in the magnetosphere.Heavy molecular and metallic ions with mass ≥ 27 (Al+, N2+, NO+, O2++, Fe+, Cu+, Ti+, etc) in the magnetosphere provide independent information on the ion sources and entry route to the magnetosphere from traditional four components (H+, He++, He+, O+). There are four ultimate sources of these heavy molecular and metallic ions: the solar wind (high charge-state metallic ions), the ionosphere (mainly molecular ions), the atmospheric metal layers (low charge-state metallic ions and metal-rich molecular ions that ultimately originating from ablation …

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Inter-Calibration Of Solar Orbiter's Heavy Ion Sensor And Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph, Benjamin Alterman, Robert Allen, Ryan Dewey, Stefano Livi, Jim Raines, Susan Lepri, Sarah Spitzer, Chris Bert, Christopher Owen, George Ho, Antoinette Galvin, Lynn M. Kistler, Frederic Allegrini, Keiichi Ogasawara, Peter Wurz, Mark Philips, Raffaella D'Amicis, Glen Mason, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Javier Rodriquez-Pacheco Nov 2024

Inter-Calibration Of Solar Orbiter's Heavy Ion Sensor And Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph, Benjamin Alterman, Robert Allen, Ryan Dewey, Stefano Livi, Jim Raines, Susan Lepri, Sarah Spitzer, Chris Bert, Christopher Owen, George Ho, Antoinette Galvin, Lynn M. Kistler, Frederic Allegrini, Keiichi Ogasawara, Peter Wurz, Mark Philips, Raffaella D'Amicis, Glen Mason, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Javier Rodriquez-Pacheco

Faculty Publications

The distribution of charged particles in the heliosphere covers more than 16 orders of magnitude in particle flux and more than 6 orders of magnitude in energy. While the majority of these particles are ionized hydrogen (protons) and fully ionized helium (alpha particles), heavier ions are also present. Because of the large parameter space that must be covered, different instruments are required and these instruments must be optimized to specific energy and particle flux ranges. They must also be designed to target specific ion species. To properly characterize the means by which different energy ranges are populated, the observations from …

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Monte Carlo Error Analysis Of Lightning Interferometry With Lofar, Paulina Turekova, Brian Hare, Olaf Scholten, Steven Cummer, Joseph Dwyer, Ningyu Liu, Chris Sterpka, Sander Ter Veen Nov 2024

Monte Carlo Error Analysis Of Lightning Interferometry With Lofar, Paulina Turekova, Brian Hare, Olaf Scholten, Steven Cummer, Joseph Dwyer, Ningyu Liu, Chris Sterpka, Sander Ter Veen

Faculty Publications

The LOFAR radio telescope works on a principle of radio interferometric imaging. It coherently sums the signal of hundreds of antennas in northern Netherlands, covering the 30-80 MHz window of the very high frequency (VHF) band of 30-300 MHz. We are using the TRI-D algorithm to extract 3-D polarization data of a lightning flash observed by LOFAR. TRI-D functions by coherently summing recorded voltages, accounting for the antenna function, polarization, and geometric time delay for each voxel. The result is split into time slices. A coherent intensity is calculated for each time slice, and the maximum of this value is …

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