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Articles 961 - 990 of 12158
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Association Of Blast Exposure In Military Breaching With Intestinal Permeability Blood Biomarkers Associated With Leaky Gut, Qingkun Liu, Zhaoyu Wang, Shengnan Sun, Jeffrey Nemes, Lisa A. Brenner, Miciej Skotak, Christina R. Lavalle, Yongchao Ge, Walter Carr, Fatemeh Haghighi
Association Of Blast Exposure In Military Breaching With Intestinal Permeability Blood Biomarkers Associated With Leaky Gut, Qingkun Liu, Zhaoyu Wang, Shengnan Sun, Jeffrey Nemes, Lisa A. Brenner, Miciej Skotak, Christina R. Lavalle, Yongchao Ge, Walter Carr, Fatemeh Haghighi
Faculty Publications
Injuries and subclinical effects from exposure to blasts are of significant concern in military operational settings, including tactical training, and are associated with self-reported concussion-like symptomology and physiological changes such as increased intestinal permeability (IP), which was investigated in this study. Time-series gene expression and IP biomarker data were generated from “breachers” exposed to controlled, low-level explosive blast during training. Samples from 30 male participants at pre-, post-, and follow-up blast exposure the next day were assayed via RNA-seq and ELISA. A battery of symptom data was also collected at each of these time points that acutely showed elevated symptom …
Antifungal Efficacy Of Nanodelivered Azoxystrobin Against Rhizoctonia Solani In Soybean (Glycine Max), Eban A. Hanna, Carlos E. Astete, Trey Price, Carlos Tamez, Omar E. Mendez, Alvaro Garcia, Fannyuy V. Kewir, Jason C. White, Cristina M. Sabliov
Antifungal Efficacy Of Nanodelivered Azoxystrobin Against Rhizoctonia Solani In Soybean (Glycine Max), Eban A. Hanna, Carlos E. Astete, Trey Price, Carlos Tamez, Omar E. Mendez, Alvaro Garcia, Fannyuy V. Kewir, Jason C. White, Cristina M. Sabliov
Faculty Publications
Zein nanoparticles (ZNP) (189.4 ± 2.0 nm, +25.7 ± 0.9 mV) and lignin nanoparticles (LNP) (173.6 ± 0.9 nm, - 56.5 ± 2.8 mV) with loaded azoxystrobin (AZO) (5.2 ± 0.8 and 5.5 ± 0.7 wt %, respectively) were designed as antifungal delivery systems for seed treatments. Both particles followed pseudo-first-order kinetics for AZO release at 25 °C, with AZO releasing faster from ZNP. AZO-entrapped ZNP treatments produced the greatest yield (41.15 bushels), followed by empty LNP (40.35 bushels) for inoculated samples; these findings were comparable to yields achieved with the commercial AZO formulation, Dynasty. The stand per row feet …
Keeping Kosher In The Age Of Ai, Chaim Saiman
Keeping Kosher In The Age Of Ai, Chaim Saiman
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Coherent States Of The Laguerre–Gauss Modes, M. P. Morales Rodríguez, O. S. Magaña-Loaiza, B. Perez-Garcia, L. M. Nieto Calzada, F. Marroquín Gutiérrrez, B. M. Rodríguez-Lara
Coherent States Of The Laguerre–Gauss Modes, M. P. Morales Rodríguez, O. S. Magaña-Loaiza, B. Perez-Garcia, L. M. Nieto Calzada, F. Marroquín Gutiérrrez, B. M. Rodríguez-Lara
Faculty Publications
Large quantum photonic systems hold promise for surpassing classical computational limits, yet their state preparation remains a challenge. We propose an alternative approach to study multiparticle dynamics by mapping the excitation mode of these systems to physical properties of the Laguerre–Gauss modes. We construct coherent states establishing a direct link between excitation number dynamics and the evolution of the Laguerre–Gauss modes. This highlights the photon transverse spatial degree of freedom as a versatile platform for testing the fundamental aspects of quantum multiparticle systems.
Reconsidering The Reliability Of Chemical Process Simulators I: Implementation Of The Murphree And Vaporization Efficiencies, Zachary Braswell, Brian F. Hanley, Holt Ragsdale
Reconsidering The Reliability Of Chemical Process Simulators I: Implementation Of The Murphree And Vaporization Efficiencies, Zachary Braswell, Brian F. Hanley, Holt Ragsdale
Faculty Publications
Most chemical process simulators in widespread use today allow users to apply some type of efficiency correction to individual equilibrium stages or to equilibrium stage sections in order to align the stage or section separation performance more closely to actual tray performance in the field. Some simulators even allow for the use of component efficiencies on individual stages or in stage sections. It is our contention, however, that two of the more commonly available efficiency models, the vaporization efficiency and Murphree vapor phase efficiency, have generally been implemented incorrectly. The three major conceptual inconsistencies are (1) the assumption that the …
Modulation Of Methoxyfenozide Release From Lignin Nanoparticles Made Of Lignin Grafted With Pcl By Rop And Acylation Grafting Methods, Alvaro Garcia, Carlos E. Astete, Rafael Cueto, Cristina M. Sabliov
Modulation Of Methoxyfenozide Release From Lignin Nanoparticles Made Of Lignin Grafted With Pcl By Rop And Acylation Grafting Methods, Alvaro Garcia, Carlos E. Astete, Rafael Cueto, Cristina M. Sabliov
Faculty Publications
An efficient and sustainable agriculture calls for the development of novel agrochemical delivery systems able to release agrochemicals in a controlled manner. This study investigated the controlled release of the insecticide methoxyfenozide (MFZ) from lignin (LN) nanoparticles (LNPs). LN-grafted poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (LN-g-PCL) polymers were synthesized using two grafting methods, ring-opening polymerization (ROP)(LN-g-PCLp) and acylation reaction (LN-g-PCLa), creating polymers capable of self-assembling into nanoparticles of different properties, without surfactants. The LN-g-PCLp polymers exhibited a degree of polymerization (DP) from 22 to 101, demonstrating enhanced thermal stability after LN incorporation. LNPs loaded with MFZ exhibited a spherical core-shell structure with a hydrophilic LN …
Pal-Bert: An Improved Question Answering Model, Wenfeng Zheng, Siyu Lu, Zhuohang Cai, Ruiyang Wang, Lei Wang, Lirong Yin
Pal-Bert: An Improved Question Answering Model, Wenfeng Zheng, Siyu Lu, Zhuohang Cai, Ruiyang Wang, Lei Wang, Lirong Yin
Faculty Publications
In the field of natural language processing (NLP), there have been various pre-training language models in recent years, with question answering systems gaining significant attention. However, as algorithms, data, and computing power advance, the issue of increasingly larger models and a growing number of parameters has surfaced. Consequently, model training has become more costly and less efficient. To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the training process while reducing the model volume, this paper proposes a first-order pruning model PAL-BERT based on the ALBERT model according to the characteristics of question-answering (QA) system and language model. Firstly, a first-order network …
Examining The Impact Of Stream Permanence On Headwater Stream Carbon Emissions, Hannah D. Conroy, Erin R. Hotchkiss, Kaelin M. Cawley, Keli Goodman, Jeremy B. Jones, Wilfred M. Wollheim, David Butman
Examining The Impact Of Stream Permanence On Headwater Stream Carbon Emissions, Hannah D. Conroy, Erin R. Hotchkiss, Kaelin M. Cawley, Keli Goodman, Jeremy B. Jones, Wilfred M. Wollheim, David Butman
Faculty Publications
Quantifying headwater stream carbon emissions is important for our understanding of the global carbon cycle because these emissions (an estimated 0.93-1.15 Pg C year) can be substantial compared to the terrestrial flux. Headwater stream networks can have high emissions due to their coupling with the terrestrial environment and high turbulence with some estimates predicting headwater stream networks can contribute 70% of the global riverine stream emissions. These carbon emissions are challenging to predict, especially with regards to headwater stream network spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The majority of headwater streams exhibit changes in stream network area on a seasonal basis, and these locations …
Detecting Anomalies In Time Series Using Kernel Density Approaches, Robin Frehner, Kesheng Wu, Alexander Sim, Jinoh Kim
Detecting Anomalies In Time Series Using Kernel Density Approaches, Robin Frehner, Kesheng Wu, Alexander Sim, Jinoh Kim
Faculty Publications
This paper introduces a novel anomaly detection approach tailored for time series data with exclusive reliance on normal events during training. Our key innovation lies in the application of kernel-density estimation (KDE) to scrutinize reconstruction errors, providing an empirically derived probability distribution for normal events post-reconstruction. This non-parametric density estimation technique offers a nuanced understanding of anomaly detection, differentiating it from prevalent threshold-based mechanisms in existing methodologies. In post-training, events are encoded, decoded, and evaluated against the estimated density, providing a comprehensive notion of normality. In addition, we propose a data augmentation strategy involving variational autoencoder-generated events and a smoothing …
Computational Design Of An Electro-Organocatalyst For Conversion Of Co2 Into Formaldehyde, Foroogh Khezeli, Craig Plaisance
Computational Design Of An Electro-Organocatalyst For Conversion Of Co2 Into Formaldehyde, Foroogh Khezeli, Craig Plaisance
Faculty Publications
Density functional theory calculations employing a hybrid implicit/explicit solvation method were used to explore a new strategy for electrochemical conversion of CO2 using an electro-organocatalyst. A particular structural motif is identified that consists of an electron-rich vicinal enediamine (>N-C═C-N<) backbone, which is capable of activating CO2 by the formation of a C-C bond while subsequently facilitating the transfer of electrons from a chemically inert cathode to ultimately produce formaldehyde. Unlike transition metal-based electrocatalysts, the electro-organocatalyst is not constrained by scaling relations between the formation energies of activated CO2 and adsorbed CO, nor is it expected to be active for the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. The rate-limiting steps are found to occur during two proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) sequences and are associated with the transfer of a proton from a proton transfer mediator to a carbon atom on the electro-organocatalyst. The difficulty of this step in the second PCET sequence necessitates an electrode potential of −0.85 V vs RHE to achieve the maximum turnover frequency. In addition, it is postulated that the electro-organocatalyst should also be capable of forming long-chain aldehydes by successively carrying out reductive aldol condensation to grow the alkyl chain one carbon at a time.
Laboratory Exercise For The Radiometry Student, Michael A. Marciniak
Laboratory Exercise For The Radiometry Student, Michael A. Marciniak
Faculty Publications
The U.S. Air and Space Forces require optical expertise among their personnel. The Air Force Institute of Technology offers a graduate optics curriculum, which includes a three-course sequence to educate students in the optical concepts of radiometry and radiometric instrumentation. We find radiometry is often a deceptively difficult concept for students to master. To address this, we have developed an experiment in our optics-laboratory coursework to help them gain this mastery. A Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTS) is used to collect spectral data from an unknown sample. FTS calibration and data collection are discussed here, as are the two specific samples …
Graph Theory And Graph Neural Network Assisted High-Throughput Crystal Structure Prediction And Screening For Energy Conversion And Storage, Joshua Ojih, Mohammed Al-Fahdi, Yagang Yao, Jianjun Hu, Ming Hu
Graph Theory And Graph Neural Network Assisted High-Throughput Crystal Structure Prediction And Screening For Energy Conversion And Storage, Joshua Ojih, Mohammed Al-Fahdi, Yagang Yao, Jianjun Hu, Ming Hu
Faculty Publications
Prediction of crystal structures with desirable material properties is a grand challenge in materials research, due to the enormous search space of possible combinations of elements and their countless arrangements in 3D space. Despite the recent progress of a few crystal structure prediction algorithms, most of those methods only target a few specific material families or are restricted to simple systems with limited element diversity. Moreover, these algorithms are usually coupled with first principles calculations and thus are computationally expensive and very time consuming. Therefore, establishing a workflow that can generate a large number of hypothetical structures with diverse elements …
Relative Vectoring Using Dual Object Detection For Autonomous Aerial Refueling, Derek B. Worth, Jeffrey L. Choate, James Lynch, Scott L. Nykl, Clark N. Taylor
Relative Vectoring Using Dual Object Detection For Autonomous Aerial Refueling, Derek B. Worth, Jeffrey L. Choate, James Lynch, Scott L. Nykl, Clark N. Taylor
Faculty Publications
Once realized, autonomous aerial refueling will revolutionize unmanned aviation by removing current range and endurance limitations. Previous attempts at establishing vision-based solutions have come close but rely heavily on near perfect extrinsic camera calibrations that often change midflight. In this paper, we propose dual object detection, a technique that overcomes such requirement by transforming aerial refueling imagery directly into receiver aircraft reference frame probe-to-drogue vectors regardless of camera position and orientation. These vectors are precisely what autonomous agents need to successfully maneuver the tanker and receiver aircraft in synchronous flight during refueling operations. Our method follows a common 4-stage process …
Deconstructing The Mangrove Carbon Cycle: Gains, Transformation, And Losses, M. F. Adame, N. Cormier, P. Taillardat, N. Iram, A. Rovai, T. M. Sloey, E. S. Yando, J. F. Blanco-Libreros, M. Arnaud, T. Jennerjahn, C. E. Lovelock, D. Friess, G. M.S. Reithmaier, C. A. Buelow, S. M. Muhammad-Nor, R. R. Twilley, R. A. Ribeiro
Deconstructing The Mangrove Carbon Cycle: Gains, Transformation, And Losses, M. F. Adame, N. Cormier, P. Taillardat, N. Iram, A. Rovai, T. M. Sloey, E. S. Yando, J. F. Blanco-Libreros, M. Arnaud, T. Jennerjahn, C. E. Lovelock, D. Friess, G. M.S. Reithmaier, C. A. Buelow, S. M. Muhammad-Nor, R. R. Twilley, R. A. Ribeiro
Faculty Publications
Mangroves are one of the most carbon-dense forests on the Earth and have been highlighted as key ecosystems for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Hundreds of studies have investigated how mangroves fix, transform, store, and export carbon. Here, we review and synthesize the previously known and emerging carbon pathways in mangroves, including gains (woody biomass accumulation, deadwood accumulation, soil carbon sequestration, root and litterfall production), transformations (food web transfer through herbivory, decomposition), and losses (respiration as CO2 and CH4, litterfall export, particulate and dissolved carbon export). We then review the technologies available to measure carbon fluxes in mangroves, their potential, …
Spatial Distribution And Movement Of Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Shane A. Stephens, Michael A. Dance, Michelle Zapp Sluis, Richard J. Kline, Matthew K. Streich, Gregory W. Stunz, Aaron J. Adams, R. J.David Wells, Jay R. Rooker
Spatial Distribution And Movement Of Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Shane A. Stephens, Michael A. Dance, Michelle Zapp Sluis, Richard J. Kline, Matthew K. Streich, Gregory W. Stunz, Aaron J. Adams, R. J.David Wells, Jay R. Rooker
Faculty Publications
Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) are capable of long-distance migrations (hundreds of kilometers) but also exhibit resident behaviors in estuarine and coastal habitats. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of juvenile tarpon and identify migration pathways of adult tarpon in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Spatial distribution of juvenile tarpon was investigated using gillnet data collected by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) over the past four decades. Generalized additive models (GAMs) indicated that salinity and water temperature played a significant role in tarpon presence, with tarpon occurrences peaking in the fall and increasing over the …
Influence Of Hesperidin On The Physico-Chemical, Microbiological And Sensory Characteristics Of Frozen Yogurt †, Roberto Cedillos, Ricardo S. Aleman, Ryan Page, Douglas W. Olson, Charles Boeneke, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Kayanush Aryana
Influence Of Hesperidin On The Physico-Chemical, Microbiological And Sensory Characteristics Of Frozen Yogurt †, Roberto Cedillos, Ricardo S. Aleman, Ryan Page, Douglas W. Olson, Charles Boeneke, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Kayanush Aryana
Faculty Publications
Frozen yogurts contain yogurt culture bacteria, which might impart health benefits to their consumers. Global frozen yogurt market sales are expected to grow by 4.8% by 2028, which represents an important opportunity for the industry, consumers and researchers. Polyphenols are metabolites found in plants which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and might prevent chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of the polyphenol hesperidin on the physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of frozen yogurts. Hesperidin was incorporated into frozen yogurt at three concentrations (125, 250 and 500 mg/90 …
Coastal Wetland Restoration Through The Lens Of Odum's Theory Of Ecosystem Development, Friedrich W. Keppeler, Annette S. Engel, Linda M. Hooper-Bùi, Paola C. López-Duarte, Charles W. Martin, Jill A. Olin, Katelyn J. Lamb, Michael J. Polito, Nancy N. Rabalais, Brian J. Roberts, Erick M. Swenson, Olaf P. Jensen
Coastal Wetland Restoration Through The Lens Of Odum's Theory Of Ecosystem Development, Friedrich W. Keppeler, Annette S. Engel, Linda M. Hooper-Bùi, Paola C. López-Duarte, Charles W. Martin, Jill A. Olin, Katelyn J. Lamb, Michael J. Polito, Nancy N. Rabalais, Brian J. Roberts, Erick M. Swenson, Olaf P. Jensen
Faculty Publications
Advancing ecological restoration assessments requires a more detailed consideration of species interactions and ecosystem processes. Most restoration projects rely on a few metrics not always directly linked with ecological theory. Here, we used Odum's theory of ecosystem development to assess and compare the ecosystem structure and services of created marshes (4–6 years old) with preexisting, reference marshes in a brackish water region of the Mississippi River Delta. We built ecosystem models for created and reference marshes that integrated large datasets of stomach contents, stable isotopes, and taxa abundances. Despite strong resemblance in community structure, created marshes were at an earlier …
Searches For Baryon Number Violation In Neutrino Experiments: A White Paper, P. S.B. Dev, L. W. Koerner, S. Saad, S. Antusch, M. Askins, K. S. Babu, J. L. Barrow, J. Chakrabortty, A. De Gouvêa, Z. Djurcic, S. Girmohanta, I. Gogoladze, M. C. Goodman, A. Higuera, D. Kalra, G. Karagiorgi, E. Kearns, V. A. Kudryavtsev, T. Kutter, M. Malinský, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, R. N. Mohapatra, P. Nath, S. Nussinov, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, V. Pec, A. Rafique, J. Rodriguez Rondon, R. Shrock, H. W. Sobel, T. Stokes, M. Strait, R. Svoboda
Searches For Baryon Number Violation In Neutrino Experiments: A White Paper, P. S.B. Dev, L. W. Koerner, S. Saad, S. Antusch, M. Askins, K. S. Babu, J. L. Barrow, J. Chakrabortty, A. De Gouvêa, Z. Djurcic, S. Girmohanta, I. Gogoladze, M. C. Goodman, A. Higuera, D. Kalra, G. Karagiorgi, E. Kearns, V. A. Kudryavtsev, T. Kutter, M. Malinský, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, R. N. Mohapatra, P. Nath, S. Nussinov, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, V. Pec, A. Rafique, J. Rodriguez Rondon, R. Shrock, H. W. Sobel, T. Stokes, M. Strait, R. Svoboda
Faculty Publications
Baryon number conservation is not guaranteed by any fundamental symmetry within the standard model, and therefore has been a subject of experimental and theoretical scrutiny for decades. So far, no evidence for baryon number violation has been observed. Large underground detectors have long been used for both neutrino detection and searches for baryon number violating processes. The next generation of large neutrino detectors will seek to improve upon the limits set by past and current experiments and will cover a range of lifetimes predicted by several Grand Unified Theories. In this White Paper, we summarize theoretical motivations and experimental aspects …
Systematic Kmtnet Planetary Anomaly Search. X. Complete Sample Of 2017 Prime-Field Planets, Yoon Hyun Ryu, Andrzej Udalski, Jennifer C. Yee, Weicheng Zang, Yossi Shvartzvald, Cheongho Han, Andrew Gould, Michael D. Albrow, Sun Ju Chung, Kyu Ha Hwang, Youn Kil Jung, In Gu Shin, Hongjing Yang, Sang Mok Cha, Dong Jin Kim, Seung Lee Kim, Chung Uk Lee, Dong Joo Lee, Yongseok Lee, Byeong Gon Park, Richard W. Pogge, Hanyue Wang, Przemek Mróz, Michał K. Szymański, Jan Skowron, Radek Poleski, Igor Soszyński, Paweł Pietrukowicz, Szymon Kozłowski, Krzysztof Ulaczyk, Krzysztof A. Rybicki, Patryk Iwanek, Marcin Wrona
Systematic Kmtnet Planetary Anomaly Search. X. Complete Sample Of 2017 Prime-Field Planets, Yoon Hyun Ryu, Andrzej Udalski, Jennifer C. Yee, Weicheng Zang, Yossi Shvartzvald, Cheongho Han, Andrew Gould, Michael D. Albrow, Sun Ju Chung, Kyu Ha Hwang, Youn Kil Jung, In Gu Shin, Hongjing Yang, Sang Mok Cha, Dong Jin Kim, Seung Lee Kim, Chung Uk Lee, Dong Joo Lee, Yongseok Lee, Byeong Gon Park, Richard W. Pogge, Hanyue Wang, Przemek Mróz, Michał K. Szymański, Jan Skowron, Radek Poleski, Igor Soszyński, Paweł Pietrukowicz, Szymon Kozłowski, Krzysztof Ulaczyk, Krzysztof A. Rybicki, Patryk Iwanek, Marcin Wrona
Faculty Publications
We complete the analysis of planetary candidates found by the KMT AnomalyFinder for the 2017 prime fields that cover ∼13 deg2. We report three unambiguous planets: OGLE-2017-BLG-0640, OGLE-2017-BLG-1275, and OGLE-2017-BLG-1237. The first two of these were not previously identified, while the last was not previously published due to technical complications induced by a nearby variable. We further report that a fourth anomalous event, the previously recognized OGLE-2017-BLG-1777, is very likely to be planetary, although its light curve requires unusually complex modeling because the lens and source both have orbiting companions. One of the three unambiguous planets, OGLE-2017-BLG-1275, is …
Assembly And Repair Of Photosystem Ii In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Himanshu S. Mehra, Xiaozhuo Wang, Brandon P. Russell, Nidhi Kulkarni, Nicholas Ferrari, Brent Larson, David J. Vinyard
Assembly And Repair Of Photosystem Ii In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Himanshu S. Mehra, Xiaozhuo Wang, Brandon P. Russell, Nidhi Kulkarni, Nicholas Ferrari, Brent Larson, David J. Vinyard
Faculty Publications
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use Photosystem II (PSII) to oxidize water and reduce plastoquinone. Here, we review the mechanisms by which PSII is assembled and turned over in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This species has been used to make key discoveries in PSII research due to its metabolic flexibility and amenability to genetic approaches. PSII subunits originate from both nuclear and chloroplastic gene products in Chlamydomonas. Nuclear-encoded PSII subunits are transported into the chloroplast and chloroplast-encoded PSII subunits are translated by a coordinated mechanism. Active PSII dimers are built from discrete reaction center complexes in a process facilitated by …
Unlocking The Potential Of Artificial Intelligence In Fashion Design And E-Commerce Applications: The Case Of Midjourney, Yanbo Zhang, Chuanlan Liu
Unlocking The Potential Of Artificial Intelligence In Fashion Design And E-Commerce Applications: The Case Of Midjourney, Yanbo Zhang, Chuanlan Liu
Faculty Publications
The fashion industry has shown increasing interest in applying artificial intelligence (AI), yet there is a significant gap in exploring the potential of emerging diffusion-modeling-based AI image-generation systems for fashion design and commerce. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of Midjourney, one such AI system, in both fashion design and related commerce applications. We employed the action research approach with the Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetic (FEA) Consumer Needs Model as the theoretical framework. Our research comprised three stages: refining an initial idea into well-defined textual design concepts, facilitating concept development, and validating the preceding observations and reflections by …
Planetary Protection Knowledge Gap Closure Enabling Crewed Missions To Mars, James A. Spry, Bette Siegel, Corien Bakermans, David W. Beaty, Mary Sue Bell, James N. Benardini, Rosalba Bonaccorsi, Sarah L. Castro-Wallace, David A. Coil, Athena Coustenis, Peter T. Doran, Lori Fenton, David P. Fidler, Brian Glass, Stephen J. Hoffman, Fathi Karouia, Joel S. Levine, Mark L. Lupisella, Javier Martin-Torres, Rakesh Mogul, Karen Olsson-Francis, Sandra Ortega-Ugalde, Manish R. Patel, David A. Pearce, Margaret S. Race, Aaron B. Regberg, Petra Rettberg, John D. Rummel, Kevin Y. Sato, Andrew C. Schuerger, Elliot Sefton-Nash, Matthew Sharkey, Nitin K. Singh
Planetary Protection Knowledge Gap Closure Enabling Crewed Missions To Mars, James A. Spry, Bette Siegel, Corien Bakermans, David W. Beaty, Mary Sue Bell, James N. Benardini, Rosalba Bonaccorsi, Sarah L. Castro-Wallace, David A. Coil, Athena Coustenis, Peter T. Doran, Lori Fenton, David P. Fidler, Brian Glass, Stephen J. Hoffman, Fathi Karouia, Joel S. Levine, Mark L. Lupisella, Javier Martin-Torres, Rakesh Mogul, Karen Olsson-Francis, Sandra Ortega-Ugalde, Manish R. Patel, David A. Pearce, Margaret S. Race, Aaron B. Regberg, Petra Rettberg, John D. Rummel, Kevin Y. Sato, Andrew C. Schuerger, Elliot Sefton-Nash, Matthew Sharkey, Nitin K. Singh
Faculty Publications
As focus for exploration of Mars transitions from current robotic explorers to development of crewed missions, it remains important to protect the integrity of scientific investigations at Mars, as well as protect the Earth's biosphere from any potential harmful effects from returned martian material. This is the discipline of planetary protection, and the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) maintains the consensus international policy and guidelines on how this is implemented. Based on National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA) studies that began in 2001, COSPAR adopted principles and guidelines for human missions to Mars in 2008. …
Synergnet: A Graph Neural Network Model To Predict Anticancer Drug Synergy, Mengmeng Liu, Gopal Srivastava, J. Ramanujam, Michal Brylinski
Synergnet: A Graph Neural Network Model To Predict Anticancer Drug Synergy, Mengmeng Liu, Gopal Srivastava, J. Ramanujam, Michal Brylinski
Faculty Publications
Drug combination therapy shows promise in cancer treatment by addressing drug resistance, reducing toxicity, and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. However, the intricate and dynamic nature of biological systems makes identifying potential synergistic drugs a costly and time-consuming endeavor. To facilitate the development of combination therapy, techniques employing artificial intelligence have emerged as a transformative solution, providing a sophisticated avenue for advancing existing therapeutic approaches. In this study, we developed SynerGNet, a graph neural network model designed to accurately predict the synergistic effect of drug pairs against cancer cell lines. SynerGNet utilizes cancer-specific featured graphs created by integrating heterogeneous biological features into …
Broadband Switchable Infrared Absorbers Using Phase-Change Materials, M. Tanvir Emrose, Emily L. Payne, Chenglong You, Georgios Veronis
Broadband Switchable Infrared Absorbers Using Phase-Change Materials, M. Tanvir Emrose, Emily L. Payne, Chenglong You, Georgios Veronis
Faculty Publications
We introduce multilayer structures with the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) for use as broadband switchable absorbers in the infrared wavelength range. We optimize both the material composition and the layer thicknesses of the multilayer structures, in order to maximize the difference between the absorption for GST in its crystalline phase and the absorption for GST in its amorphous phase in the wavelength range of interest. We show that in the optimized structures near perfect absorption can be switched to very low absorption in a broad wavelength range by switching GST from its crystalline to its amorphous phase. Our optimized lithography-free …
Optimal Querying For Communication-Efficient Admm Using Gaussian Process Regression, Aldo Duarte, Truong X. Nghiem, Shuangqing Wei
Optimal Querying For Communication-Efficient Admm Using Gaussian Process Regression, Aldo Duarte, Truong X. Nghiem, Shuangqing Wei
Faculty Publications
In distributed optimization schemes consisting of a group of agents connected to a central coordinator, the optimization algorithm often involves the agents solving private local sub-problems and exchanging data frequently with the coordinator to solve the global distributed problem. In those cases, the query-response mechanism usually causes excessive communication costs to the system, necessitating communication reduction in scenarios where communication is costly. Integrating Gaussian processes (GP) as a learning component to the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) has proven effective in learning each agent's local proximal operator to reduce the required communication exchange. A key element for integrating GP …
A Simplified Model For The Study Of Film-Boiling Droplet Motion On Microscale Ratchets, Sheldon Wang, Jeong Tae Ok, Sunggook Park, Mahmoud Elsharafi, Yu Guo
A Simplified Model For The Study Of Film-Boiling Droplet Motion On Microscale Ratchets, Sheldon Wang, Jeong Tae Ok, Sunggook Park, Mahmoud Elsharafi, Yu Guo
Faculty Publications
In this work, we explore a simplified model based on both analytical and computational methods for the study of film-boiling droplet motion on microscale ratchets. We consider a specific ratchet design with the length periods and depth of ratchets much smaller than the size of the droplet. We conclude based on our modeling that for the ratchet configuration considered in this paper, the conduction within the vapor film is the dominant means of heat transfer in comparison with convection and radiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a more manageable two-dimensional model in which analytical approaches coupled with computational approaches yield reasonably accurate …
Influence Of Petroleum-Based And Bio-Derived Recycling Agents On High-Rap Asphalt Mixtures Performance, Ibrahim Elnaml, Louay N. Mohammad, Gaylon L. Baumgardner, Jun Liu, Samuel Cooper, Samuel Cooper
Influence Of Petroleum-Based And Bio-Derived Recycling Agents On High-Rap Asphalt Mixtures Performance, Ibrahim Elnaml, Louay N. Mohammad, Gaylon L. Baumgardner, Jun Liu, Samuel Cooper, Samuel Cooper
Faculty Publications
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been utilized as a potential partial substitute for virgin asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures. However, a primary concern with increasing RAP content in asphalt mixtures is the cracking potential, attributed to the aged RAP asphalt binder (RAP-binder). To address this, the use of petroleum-based and bio-derived recycling agents (RAs) in enhancing the cracking resistance of high-RAP asphalt mixtures has been explored. The objective of this study is to ascertain the effectiveness of six RAs in mitigating cracking in high-RAP asphalt mixtures. The RAs considered include petroleum-crude-oil-derived aromatic oil, soy oil, and four types of tall-oil-derived …
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Regional Storm Surge Reduction Strategies And Tank Level Structural Mitigation Measures For Aboveground Storage Tanks, Santosh Ghimire, Sabarethinam Kameshwar
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Regional Storm Surge Reduction Strategies And Tank Level Structural Mitigation Measures For Aboveground Storage Tanks, Santosh Ghimire, Sabarethinam Kameshwar
Faculty Publications
The effectiveness of regional storm surge reduction strategies and tank-level structural mitigation measures in reducing the failure probability of aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) were studied. Given past failures during flood and hurricane events, several studies have developed fragility models for ASTs. However, the suitability of these fragility models for different hurricane hazard scenarios is unknown. Furthermore, to combat climate change and sea level rise, several regional storm surge reduction strategies are being proposed. However, the effectiveness of these strategies in improving the safety of ASTs is also unknown. So, herein, a framework was proposed that facilitates assessing the suitability of …
Seasonal Variability And Predictability Of Monsoon Precipitation In Southern Africa, Matthew F. Horan, Fred Kucharski, Moetasim Ashfaq
Seasonal Variability And Predictability Of Monsoon Precipitation In Southern Africa, Matthew F. Horan, Fred Kucharski, Moetasim Ashfaq
Faculty Publications
Rainfed agriculture is the mainstay of economies across Southern Africa (SA), where most precipitation is received during the austral summer monsoon. This study aims to further our understanding of monsoon precipitation predictability over SA. We use three natural climate forcings, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Indian Ocean Precipitation Dipole (IOPD)—the dominant precipitation variability mode—to construct an empirical model that exhibits significant skill over SA during monsoon in explaining precipitation variability and in forecasting it with a five-month lead. While most explained precipitation variance (50%–75%) comes from contemporaneous IOD and IOPD, preconditioning all three forcings is key …
Multispacecraft Observations Of A Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event On 2022 February 15–16, L Y. Khoo, B Sánchez-Cano, C O. Lee, L Rodríguez-García, A Kouloumvakos, E Palmerio, F Carcaboso, D Lario, N Dresing, C M S Cohen, D J. Mccomas, B J. Lynch, F Fraschetti, I C. Jebaraj, J G. Mitchell, T Nieves-Chinchilla, V Krupar, D Pacheco, J Giacalone, H Auster, J Benkhoff, X Bonnin, E R. Christian, B Ehresmann, A Fedeli
Multispacecraft Observations Of A Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event On 2022 February 15–16, L Y. Khoo, B Sánchez-Cano, C O. Lee, L Rodríguez-García, A Kouloumvakos, E Palmerio, F Carcaboso, D Lario, N Dresing, C M S Cohen, D J. Mccomas, B J. Lynch, F Fraschetti, I C. Jebaraj, J G. Mitchell, T Nieves-Chinchilla, V Krupar, D Pacheco, J Giacalone, H Auster, J Benkhoff, X Bonnin, E R. Christian, B Ehresmann, A Fedeli
Faculty Publications
On 2022 February 15–16, multiple spacecraft measured one of the most intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed so far in Solar Cycle 25. This study provides an overview of interesting observations made by multiple spacecraft during this event. Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and BepiColombo were close to each other at 0.34–0.37 au (a radial separation of ∼0.03 au) as they were impacted by the flank of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME). At about 100° in the retrograde direction and 1.5 au away from the Sun, the radiation detector on board the Curiosity surface rover observed the largest ground-level …