Digital Commons Network^™

Fate And Transport Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) At Aqueous Film Forming Foam (Afff) Discharge Sites: A Review, Jeffery T. Mcgarr, Eric G. Mbonimpa, Drew C. Mcavoy, Mohamad R. Soltanian

Faculty Publications

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are an environmentally persistent group of chemicals that can pose an imminent threat to human health through groundwater and surface water contamination. In this review, we evaluate the subsurface behavior of a variety of PFAS chemicals with a focus on aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) discharge sites. AFFF is the primary PFAS contamination risk at sites such as airports and military bases due to use as a fire extinguisher. Understanding the fate and transport of PFAS in the subsurface environment is a multifaceted issue. This review focuses on the role of adsorbent, adsorbate, and …

Design And Performance Of A Laboratory Scale Pressurized Oxy-Coal Reactor, Scott Gardner, Cody Carpenter, Jacob Tuia, Aaron Skousen, Dustin Badger, Sandra Thomas, Bradley R. Adams, Dale R. Tree, Andrew R. Fry

Faculty Publications

A pressurized oxy-coal (POC) reactor has been designed, built and tested to investigate key technologies related to oxy-coal combustion including a dry coal feed system, an oxy-coal burner, and a slagging ash management system. The coal feed system utilized a fluidized bed to convey pulverized coal with CO2 from a coal bed into the reactor. The reactor has diagnostic capabilities including optical access, embedded thermocouples, fuel and gas flow rates, exhaust gas analysis (CO2, CO, NO, O2) and heat flux. At 13.6 atm and a firing rate of 89 kWth a mean feed rate of 12.5 kg/h was …

The Coralhydro2k Database: A Global, Actively Curated Compilation Of Coral Δ18o And Sr/Ca Proxy Records Of Tropical Ocean Hydrology And Temperature For The Common Era, Rachel M. Walter, Hussein R. Sayani, Thomas Felis, Kim M. Cobb, Nerilie J. Abram, Ariella K. Arzey, Alyssa R. Atwood, Logan D. Brenner, Émilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. Delong, Bethany Ellis, Julien Emile-Geay, Matthew J. Fischer, Nathalie F. Goodkin, Jessica A. Hargreaves, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Hedwig Krawczyk, Nicholas P. Mckay, Andrea L. Moore, Sujata A. Murty, Maria Rosabelle Ong, Riovie D. Ramos, Emma V. Reed, Dhrubajyoti Samanta, Sara C. Sanchez, Jens Zinke

Faculty Publications

The response of the hydrological cycle to anthropogenic climate change, especially across the tropical oceans, remains poorly understood due to the scarcity of long instrumental temperature and hydrological records. Massive shallow-water corals are ideally suited to reconstructing past oceanic variability as they are widely distributed across the tropics, rapidly deposit calcium carbonate skeletons that continuously record ambient environmental conditions, and can be sampled at monthly to annual resolution. Climate reconstructions based on corals primarily use the stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), which acts as a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST), and the oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Osw), a …

Progress Toward A Comprehensive Model For Mass Transfer In Structured Packings, Jack Wilfert, Brian F. Hanley

Faculty Publications

Significant effort has been devoted to the study of mass transfer in sheet metal structured packings over the past half century. A number of mass transfer correlations have appeared in the literature as a result of those efforts. Unfortunately, none of these correlations has shown itself to be reliable over the full range of chemical systems, column operating conditions, and packing topologies encountered today. In an attempt to rectify some of the shortcomings of earlier correlations for sheet metal structured packings, we have employed a new data analysis methodology which simultaneously fits «HETP»data and mass transfer area data. The correlation …

Epidemiological Characteristics Of School Playground Injuries, Eric A. Kennedy, Drew A. Filchner, Zane D. Patterson, Heather M. Olsen

Faculty Publications

Reports of children’s play-related injuries have remained stagnant according to epidemiology studies of the past 3 decades. This article provides a unique look into the context of playground injuries within an entire school district, demonstrating the prevalence of these injuries. This study reports that playgrounds are the leading location of school injury, comprising one-third of all elementary school injuries. This study found that while head/neck injuries were the most commonly injured body region within the playground environment, the proportion of head/neck injuries decreased with age, whereas the proportion of extremity injuries increased with age. At least 1 upper extremity injury …

Experimental And Numerical Behavior Of Encased Pultruded Gfrp Beams Under Elevated And Ambient Temperatures, Enas M. Mahmood, Teghreed H. Ibrahim, Abbas A. Allawi, Ayman El-Zohairy

Faculty Publications

In this research, experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the performance of encased glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) beams under fire. The test specimens were divided into two peer groups to be tested under the effect of ambient and elevated temperatures. The first group was statically tested to investigate the monotonic behavior of the specimens. The second group was exposed to fire loading first and then statically tested to explore the residual behavior of the burned specimens. Adding shear connectors and web stiffeners to the GFRP beam was the main parameter in this investigation. Moreover, service loads were applied …

Angular Correlations In The Β Decay Of B 8: First Tensor-Current Limits From A Mirror-Nucleus Pair, A. T. Gallant, N. D. Scielzo, G. Savard, J. A. Clark, M. Brodeur, F. Buchinger, D. P. Burdette, M. T. Burkey, S. Caldwell, J. E. Crawford, A. Czeszumska, C. M. Deibel, J. Greene, D. Heslop, T. Y. Hirsh, A. F. Levand, B. Longfellow, G. E. Morgan, P. Mueller, R. Orford, S. Padgett, N. Paul, A. Pérez Galván, A. Reimer, R. Segel, K. S. Sharma, K. Siegl, L. Varriano, B. J. Zabransky

Faculty Publications

We present the first measurement of the α-β-ν angular correlation in the Gamow-Teller β+ decay of B8. This was accomplished using the Beta-decay Paul Trap, expanding on our previous work on the β- decay of Li8. The B8 result is consistent with the V-A electroweak interaction of the standard model and, on its own, provides a limit on the exotic right-handed tensor current relative to the axial-vector current of |CT/CA|2< 0.013 at the 95.5% confidence level. This represents the first high-precision angular correlation measurements in mirror decays and was made possible through the use of an ion trap. By combining this B8 result with our previous Li8 results, we demonstrate a new pathway for increased precision in searches for exotic currents.

Nucleotide-Driven Molecular Sensing Of Monkeypox Virus Through Hierarchical Self-Assembly Of 2d Hafnium Disulfide Nanoplatelets And Gold Nanospheres, Parikshit Moitra, Maria Iftesum, David Skrodzki, Priyanka Paul, Elnaz Sheikh, Jennifer Lynn Gray, Ketan Dighe, Zach Sheffield, Manas Ranjan Gartia, Dipanjan Pan

Faculty Publications

Liquid interfaces facilitate the organization of nanometer-scale biomaterials with plasmonic properties suitable for molecular diagnostics. Using hierarchical assemblage of 2D hafnium disulfide nanoplatelets and zero-dimensional spherical gold nanoparticles, the design of a multifunctional material is reported. When the target analyte is present, the nanocomposites’ self-assembling pattern changes, altering their plasmonic response. Using monkeypox virus (MPXV) as an example, the findings reveal that adding genomic DNA to the nanocomposite surface increases the agglomeration between gold nanoparticles and decreases the π-stacking distance between hafnium disulfide nanoplatelets. Further, this self-assembled nanomaterial is found to have minimal cross-reactivity toward other pathogens and a limit …

Parameterization Of Size Of Organic And Secondary Inorganic Aerosol For Efficient Representation Of Global Aerosol Optical Properties, Haihui Zhu, Randall V. Martin, Betty Croft, Shixian Zhai, Chi Li, Liam Bindle, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Rachel Y.-W. Chang, Bruce E. Anderson, Luke D. Ziemba, Johnathan W. Hair, Richard A. Ferrare, Chris A. Hostetler, Inderjeet Singh, Deepangsu Chatterjee, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Jack E. Dibb, Joshua S. Schwarz, Andrew Weinheimer

Faculty Publications

Accurate representation of aerosol optical properties is essential for the modeling and remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols. Although aerosol optical properties are strongly dependent upon the aerosol size distribution, the use of detailed aerosol microphysics schemes in global atmospheric models is inhibited by associated computational demands. Computationally efficient parameterizations for aerosol size are needed. In this study, airborne measurements over the United States (DISCOVER-AQ) and South Korea (KORUS-AQ) are interpreted with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to investigate the variation in aerosol size when organic matter (OM) and sulfate–nitrate–ammonium (SNA) are the dominant aerosol components. The airborne measurements exhibit …

Seasonal And Diurnal Variations Of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability At Terrestrial Magnetopause, S. Kavosi, J. Raeder, Jay R. Johnson, K. Nykyri, C. J. Farrugia

Faculty Publications

Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability is ubiquitous at Earth’s magnetopause and plays an important role in plasma entry into the magnetosphere during northward interplanetary magnetic fields. Here, using one solar cycle of data from NASA THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macro scale Interactions during Substorms) and MMS (Magnetospheric Multiscale) missions, we found that KHI occurrence rates show seasonal and diurnal variations with the rate being high near the equinoxes and low near the solstices. The instability depends directly on the Earth’s dipole tilt angle. The tilt toward or away from the Sun explains most of the seasonal and diurnal variations, while the …

Quantification Of How Mechanical Ventilation Influences The Airborne Infection Risk Of Covid-19 And Hvac Energy Consumption In Office Buildings, Zhihong Pang, Xing Lu, Zheng O’Neill

Faculty Publications

This paper presents an EnergyPlus-based parametric analysis to investigate the infection risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) under different mechanical ventilation scenarios for a typical medium-sized office building in various climate zones. A Wells-Riley (WR) based Gammaitoni-Nucci (GN) model was employed to quantitatively calculate the airborne infection risk. The selected parameters for the parametric analysis include the climate zone, outdoor air fraction, fraction of infectors, quanta generation rate, and exposure time. The loss and deposition of particles are not considered. The results suggest that the COVID-19 infection risk varies significantly with climate and season under different outdoor air fraction scenarios …

Tort Reform & The Takings Clause, Bailey D. Barnes

Faculty Publications

The United States tort reform movement has capped noneconomic damage awards in many jurisdictions, thereby preventing the most injured plaintiffs from being fully compensated for their suffering. While litigants have asserted numerous state constitutional challenges to these tort recovery limits, with varying degrees of success, aggrieved plaintiffs have underutilized the Fifth Amendment's Takings Clause. This Article advocates that judicial reduction of a jury's noneconomic damage calculation after the court has informed the successful plaintiff of the full verdict is a regulatory taking in violation of the federal Takings Clause, as incorporated against the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

A Takings …

Use Of Natural Language Processing (Nlp) In Civil Case Management: A Report On Three Proof Of Concept Projects, Paula Hannaford-Agor, Jannet Okazaki

Faculty Publications

In 2016, the Conference of Chief Justices (CCJ) and the Conference of State Court Administrators (COSCA) endorsed recommendations to leverage technology to improve civil case management. In particular, Natural Language Processing (NLP) and related tools could be used to support two areas of civil case processing: sorting cases at filing based on the anticipated level of judicial involvement in case management, and confirming that essential procedural requirements have been satisfied before entering final judgments in cases.

To explore the feasibility of NLP to support court operations in these two areas, the National Center for State Courts (NCSC) designed three distinct …

Stakeholder Perceptions About Incorporating Externalities And Vulnerability Into Benefit–Cost Analysis Tools For Watershed Flood Risk Mitigation, Thomas H. Douthat, Fahmida Akhter, Rachelle Sanderson, Jerrod Penn

Faculty Publications

Multi-scalar climate hazards in watersheds and growing consideration regarding equity call for innovation in how agencies evaluate and prioritize mitigation and adaptation projects. Benefit–Cost Analysis (BCA) is one approach that is increasingly being applied to decision-making (i.e., FEMA BCA toolkit), but that has not been applied to watershed and equity-based flood management initiatives. This paper addresses this topic and presents a case study evaluating projects for watershed flood and climate mitigation projects by the Louisiana Watershed Initiative (Louisiana, USA). Through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and practitioners, we found that BCA tool design must be embedded in the program and policy …

Mathematics Library News, Aaron Lercher

Faculty Publications

Mathematics Library News is an LSU Libraries newsletter for members of the Mathematics and Experimental Statistics Departments, published roughly once each semester.

Proton Branching Ratios In 22 Mg For X-Ray Bursts, S. H. Kim, K. Y. Chae, D. W. Bardayan, J. C. Blackmon, K. A. Chipps, R. Hatarik, K. L. Jones, M. J. Kim, R. L. Kozub, J. F. Liang, C. Matei, B. H. Moazen, C. D. Nesaraja, P. D. O’Malley, S. D. Pain, M. S. Smith

Faculty Publications

Decay protons from ²² Mg energy levels populated through a previously reported ²⁴ Mg(p, t) ²² Mg transfer reaction (Chae et al. in Phys Rev C 79:055804, 2009) have been analyzed for proton branching ratios as a follow-up analysis. The measurement was performed at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory by utilizing 41-MeV proton beams and ²⁴ Mg solid targets. Decay protons and reaction tritons were simultaneously detected with a silicon detector array. By investigating the ²⁴ Mg(p, t) ²² Mg*(p) ²¹ Na channels, the proton branching ratios of five ²² Mg excited states were …

Grandma And Hxmt Observations Of Grb 221009a: The Standard Luminosity Afterglow Of A Hyperluminous Gamma-Ray Burst—In Gedenken An David Alexander Kann, D. A. Kann, S. Agayeva, V. Aivazyan, S. Alishov, C. M. Andrade, S. Antier, A. Baransky, P. Bendjoya, Z. Benkhaldoun, S. Beradze, D. Berezin, M. Boër, E. Broens, S. Brunier, M. Bulla, O. Burkhonov, E. Burns, Y. Chen, Y. P. Chen, M. Conti, M. W. Coughlin, W. W. Cui, F. Daigne, B. Delaveau, H. A.R. Devillepoix, T. Dietrich, D. Dornic, F. Dubois, J. G. Ducoin, E. Durand, P. A. Duverne, H. B. Eggenstein, S. Ehgamberdiev

Faculty Publications

Object GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 yr of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration and the Insight Collaboration. We study the optical afterglow with empirical fitting using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE data sets augmented with data from the literature up to 60 days. We then model numerically using a Bayesian approach, and we find that the GRB afterglow, extinguished by a large dust column, is most likely behind a combination of a large Milky Way dust column and moderate low-metallicity dust in …

Study On The Thermospheric Density Distribution Pattern During Geomagnetic Activity, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Lijun Ge, Jiawei Tian, Zhengtong Yin, Mingzhe Liu, Wenfeng Zheng

Faculty Publications

The atmospheric density of the thermosphere is a fundamental parameter for spacecraft launch and orbit control. Under magnetic storm conditions, the thermospheric atmospheric density experiences significant fluctuations, which have a negative impact on spacecraft control. Exploring thermospheric density during geomagnetic storms can help to mitigate the effects of such events. Research on the inversion of accelerometer measurements for different satellites and the variations of atmospheric density under extreme conditions is still in its infancy. In this paper, the distribution of atmospheric density during three geomagnetic storms is investigated from the inversion results of the Swarm-C accelerometer. Three major geomagnetic storms …

Online Luxury Resale Platforms And Customer Experiences: A Text Mining Analysis Of Online Reviews, Chuanlan Liu, Sibei Xia, Chunmin Lang

Faculty Publications

There are long-standing arguments that challenge the resale business as a circular fashion model. Considering the whole fashion industry and market, luxury resale is still quite small. To scale the industry, it is critical to attract more consumers to embrace fashion resale and circular fashion. However, many of the customers most likely to embrace resale might have already opted into the market, indicating that online or in-store resale businesses are competing for a limited pool of customers. As a result, it is challenging for the industry to scale. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how consumers engage with luxury resale …

The Right To Social Expungement, Itay Ravid

Faculty Publications

In recent years, policy makers advancing criminal legal reform have engaged
in attempts to correct years of harsh and expansive use of criminal laws. Two
main parallel trends dominate these attempts. One is forward-looking—the
decriminalization of many activities currently punishable by the criminal legal
system. The second is backward-looking, and related—expungement and vacatur
reforms that aim to allow individuals to start fresh.

While these latter efforts are intended to erase the criminal stain from official
criminal records, the non-official domain gained less traction, leading to an
absurd reality in which news stories about individuals’ criminal histories remain
accessible in the …

Governance Seams, Brett Frischmann, Paul Ohm

Faculty Publications

This Essay formalizes the concept of governance seams and develops theories for what they enable; how they arise; why they are some- times dismantled; and how, why, and when regulators might step in to protect endangered governance seams or to create new ones. Governance seams are socially constructed boundaries, borders, and interfaces that harness friction-in-design to enable governance. Governance seams mediate interactions among components of sociotechnical systems and between different parties and contexts. Delineating boundaries, borders, and interfaces as loci of transparency, coordination, and oversight supports mechanisms for deliberation, contestation, and protection, both by those within and those outside the …

Nearly-Lossless-To-Lossy Medical Image Compression By The Optimized Jpegxt And Jpeg Algorithms Through The Anatomical Regions Of Interest, Zhongqiang Li, Alexandra Ramos, Zheng Li, Michelle L. Osborn, Waleed Zaid, Xin Li, Yanping Li, Jian Xu

Faculty Publications

Currently, plenty of image data is generated that complicate storage and image transmission. Great efforts have been attempted on how to increase compression ratio (CR) without loss of critical diagnostic information. In this study, we designed two optimized JPEGXT (JPEGXT_OPT) and JPEG (JPEG_OPT) approaches by amplifying discrete cosine transform coefficients and using the entire anatomical region as ROI (region of interest). We found that ROI percentages have a great impact CR: smaller ROI percentages (10–30 %) could obtain a larger CR. Under the near-lossless compression, JPEGXT_OPT could have CRs up to 4.0 under small ROI percentages (10–30 %), while only …

On The Application Of Probabilistic Decline Curve Analysis To Unconventional Reservoirs, U. C. Egbe, O. O. Awoleke, O. M. Olorode, S. D. Goddard

Faculty Publications

Several authors have worked on combining decline curve analysis (DCA) models and stochastic algorithms for probabilistic DCAs. However, there are no publications on the application of these probabilistic decline curve models to all the major shale basins in the United States. Also, several empirical and analytical decline curve models have been developed to fit historical production data better; there is no systematic investigation of the relevance of the efforts on new model development compared with the efforts to quantify the uncertainty associated with the “noise” in the historical data. This work compares the uncertainty associated with determining the best-fit model …

La Acequia De La Cuchilla: The Ditch That Runs Uphill, José A. Rivera Ph.D, Thomas F. Glick Ph.D

Faculty Publications

The Río Hondo Valley in Taos County of New Mexico is known for its picturesque setting and the stunning valley floor stretching from Valdez on the eastern edge downstream to Arroyo Hondo just before the Río Grande gorge on its western boundary. Above the valley is a plain known as Des Montes. Each of these communities was settled in the nineteenth century coincident with the building of acequias to sustain village agriculture, the only economy of the time. One of the irrigation systems, La Acequia de la Cuchilla, often is said to be “the ditch that runs uphill.” From …

Trends In China-Africa Economic Relations And Dispute Settlement, Won Kidane

Faculty Publications

The rapid rise in the last two decades of China-Africa economic interactions in trade, investment, construction projects, and loans require sustained inquiry into the substantive rules of engagement and mechanisms of dispute settlement. Evidently, however, it would quickly emerge that the improvements in supranational legal frameworks have not kept pace with the growing scale and complexity of the economic interactions. While trade relations between China and Africa are theoretically subject to the same multilateral World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, they are in practice mostly based on informal unilateral concessions. Moreover, investment relations are partially governed by fragmented and mostly outdated …

Decision Support Issues In Automated Driving Systems, William N. Caballero, David Ríos Insua, David Banks

Faculty Publications

Machine learning and computational processing have advanced such that automated driving systems (ADSs) are no longer a distant reality. Many automobile manufacturers have developed prototypes; however, there exist numerous decision support issues requiring resolution to ensure mass ADS adoption. In the coming decades, it is likely that production ADSs will only be partially autonomous. Such ADSs operate within predetermined conditions and require driver intervention when they are violated. Since forecasts of their 20-year market penetration are relatively low, ADSs will likely operate in heterogeneous traffic characterized by vehicles of varying autonomy levels. Under these conditions, effective decision support must consider …

Numerical Modeling And Analysis Of Strengthened Steel–Concrete Composite Beams In Sagging And Hogging Moment Regions, Ayman El-Zohairy, Suzan Mustafa, Hesham Shaaban, Hani Salim

Faculty Publications

Strengthening of composite beams is highly needed to upgrade the capacities of existing beams. The strengthening methods can be classified as active or passive techniques. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide detailed FE simulations for strengthened and unstrengthened steel–concrete composite beams at the sagging and hogging moment regions with and without profiled steel sheeting. The developed models were verified against experimental results from the literature. The verified models were used to present comparisons between the effect of using external post-tensioning and CFRP laminates as strengthening techniques. Applying external post-tensioning at the sagging moment regions is more …

Caveat Emptor: Scan Quality Of Elsevier’S Digital Backfile Pdf Collection, Gregory M. Nelson, Paul Kj Robbins, Dennis L. Eggett

Faculty Publications

Scans of journal articles originally published in print, otherwise known as digital journal backfiles, benefit library patrons by providing near instantaneous access to important older information and full-text searchability. Digital backfiles can serve as a reliable surrogate for their corresponding print journals which could be removed from the library, freeing up space for other patron services. Both benefits are realized when the scanned articles are of sufficient clarity to replace the print versions. Several studies have analyzed small and subject-narrow sections of Elsevier’s digital backfile. This article contains a scan-quality analysis from 1578 journals that contain nearly four million articles …

Synergistic Role Of Temperature And Salinity In Aggregation Of Nonionic Surfactant-Coated Silica Nanoparticles, Yingzhen Ma, Christian Heil, Gergely Nagy, William T. Heller, Yaxin An, Arthi Jayaraman, Bhuvnesh Bharti

Faculty Publications

The adsorption of nonionic surfactants onto hydrophilic nanoparticles (NPs) is anticipated to increase their stability in aqueous medium. While nonionic surfactants show salinity- and temperature-dependent bulk phase behavior in water, the effects of these two solvent parameters on surfactant adsorption and self-assembly onto NPs are poorly understood. In this study, we combine adsorption isotherms, dispersion transmittance, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to investigate the effects of salinity and temperature on the adsorption of pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5) surfactant on silica NPs. We find an increase in the amount of surfactant adsorbed onto the NPs with increasing temperature and salinity. …

Discriminating Wirelesshart Communication Devices Using Sub-Nyquist Stimulated Responses, Jeffrey D. Long, Michael A. Temple, Christopher M. Rondeau

Faculty Publications

Reliable detection of counterfeit electronic, electrical, and electromechanical devices within critical information and communications technology systems ensures that operational integrity and resiliency are maintained. Counterfeit detection extends the device’s service life that spans manufacture and pre-installation to removal and disposition activity. This is addressed here using Distinct Native Attribute (DNA) fingerprinting while considering the effects of sub-Nyquist sampling on DNA-based discrimination. The sub-Nyquist sampled signals were obtained using factor-of-205 decimation on Nyquist-compliant WirelessHART response signals. The DNA is extracted from actively stimulated responses of eight commercial WirelessHART adapters and metrics introduced to characterize classifier performance. Adverse effects of sub-Nyquist decimation …