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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Quasi Species That Rebound After Discontinuation Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Similar To The Viral Quasi Species Present Before Initiation Of Therapy, Keith A. Crandall, Hiromi Imamichi, Ven Natarajan, Min Kang Jiang, Robin L. Dewar, Steve Berg, Arunasri Gaddam, Marjorie Bosche, Julie A. Metcalf, Richard T. Davey Jr., H. Clifford Lane Jan 2001

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Quasi Species That Rebound After Discontinuation Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Similar To The Viral Quasi Species Present Before Initiation Of Therapy, Keith A. Crandall, Hiromi Imamichi, Ven Natarajan, Min Kang Jiang, Robin L. Dewar, Steve Berg, Arunasri Gaddam, Marjorie Bosche, Julie A. Metcalf, Richard T. Davey Jr., H. Clifford Lane

Faculty Publications

In an effort to identify the sources of the viruses that emerge after discontinuation of therapy, analyses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) quasi species were done for 3 patients with sustained levels of HIV RNA of <50 copies/mL for 1-3 years. The sequences found in the rebounding plasma virus were closely related to those of the actively replicating form of viruses present before the initiation of combination therapy. All quasi species found in the rebounding plasma virus were also present in proviral DNA, cell-associated RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and virion RNA derived from PBMC coculture during periods when plasma HIV RNA levels were <50 copies/mL. These findings suggest that the rapid resurgence of plasma viremia observed after discontinuation of therapy and the viruses cocultured from PBMC are derived from a relatively stable pool of the replicating form of virus rather than from activation of a previously latent pool.

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Behavioral Inhibition, Social Withdrawal, And Parenting, Kim B. Burgess, Kenneth H. Rubin, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson Jan 2001

Behavioral Inhibition, Social Withdrawal, And Parenting, Kim B. Burgess, Kenneth H. Rubin, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

The study of children's social and emotional development requires that attention be paid to such factors as dispositional/biological factors (e.g., temperament), familial interactions and relationships, social contexts (e.g., school, neighborhood), and culture. For example, Hinde (1995) has advanced the notion that development be considered from a multi-level perspective beginning with individual characteristics and progressing the interaction, relationship, and group levels of analysis and conjecture. At the level of the individual child, developmental scientists have studies such constructs as temperament that might lead to problematic social or behavioral outcomes. One such interpersonal characteristic is that of "difficult" temperament – a phenomenon …

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Non-Social Play As A Risk Factor In Social And Emotional Development, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson, Kenneth H. Rubin Jan 2001

Non-Social Play As A Risk Factor In Social And Emotional Development, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson, Kenneth H. Rubin

Faculty Publications

Children spend much of their youthful energy engaged in play. Indeed, play, in its various forms, represents a serious business – not only for the active participations, but also for students of the phenomenon. To many researchers, play is viewed as a generative fore in children's social, emotional, and cognitive development (see Rubin, Fein, & Vandenberg, 1983; Saracho & Spodek, 1998; Fromberg & Bergen, 1998). The extent to which children engage in play with others is of added developmental significance. In light of the complexity and developmental significance of children's play and especially play with peers, it seems important to …

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Varieties Of Religion-Family Linkages, John R. Snarey, David C. Dollahite Jan 2001

Varieties Of Religion-Family Linkages, John R. Snarey, David C. Dollahite

Faculty Publications

The 4 articles in this special issue make important contributions to both family and religious studies as well as to their interface. This commentary begins by considering 4 unifying themes present across all of the articles, including meaningful religion-family linkages, the importance of gender differences in the faith-family interface, the significance of intergenerational relationships, and the need for better theory. The authors then discuss the unique major strength and secondary limitations of each study. Finally, the commentary focuses on two challenges inhibiting the contemporary study of religion and the family–a relative lack of racial and religious diversity in samples and …

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Remembering To Kill A Mockingbird, L Monique Pittman Jan 2001

Remembering To Kill A Mockingbird, L Monique Pittman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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On Parsing The Within-Stand Variability In Stand Density Measures, Mark J. Ducey, Bruce C. Larson Jan 2001

On Parsing The Within-Stand Variability In Stand Density Measures, Mark J. Ducey, Bruce C. Larson

Faculty Publications

A variety of stand-density measures have become popular in North America for diagnosing thinning needs, predicting thinning outcomes, and to an increasing degree, regulating legal harvesting behavior. The statistical reliability of these measures is seldom included in the analysis, but the confidence limits of the measures must be considered if they are used in these ways.  These indices are designed to measure average stocking, but conventional approaches do not address issues of stand heterogeneity.  If the variability of the sample estimates is calculated in order to determine statistical reliability, it is then tempting to use that variability to address two …

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Carbon Monoxide Production Is Not Enhanced By Nitrogenase Activity, P. Milligan, G. M. King Dec 2000

Carbon Monoxide Production Is Not Enhanced By Nitrogenase Activity, P. Milligan, G. M. King

Faculty Publications

A diverse group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and two heme degraders were grown with and without fixed nitrogen sources under oxic and suboxic conditions, with and without addition of heme-containing compounds. Several of the strains produced carbon monoxide (CO) under one or more of these conditions, but nitrogenase activity did not stimulate rates of production relative to controls. Although nitrogenase can reduce CO2 to CO in vitro in the absence of N2, this process likely contributes minimally to CO production in soils under in situ conditions. In contrast, myoglobin or hematin addition under oxic conditions significantly stimulated CO production by the …

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Influence Of Habitat Use-Patterns On Cooperative Breeding In The Brown-Headed Nuthatch., Brent Burt, Albert Herb Dec 2000

Influence Of Habitat Use-Patterns On Cooperative Breeding In The Brown-Headed Nuthatch., Brent Burt, Albert Herb

Faculty Publications

Documenting the habitat use patterns of the Brown-headed Nuthatch, we describe how its habitat use patterns contribute to ecological constraints that may maintain cooperative breeding in this species.

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Minimal And Contributing Sequence Determinants Of The Cis-Acting Locus Of Transfer (Clt) Of Streptomycete Plasmid Pij101 Occur Within An Intrinsically Curved Plasmid Region, M. J. Ducote, S. Prakash, G. S. Pettis Dec 2000

Minimal And Contributing Sequence Determinants Of The Cis-Acting Locus Of Transfer (Clt) Of Streptomycete Plasmid Pij101 Occur Within An Intrinsically Curved Plasmid Region, M. J. Ducote, S. Prakash, G. S. Pettis

Faculty Publications

Efficient interbacterial transfer of streptomycete plasmid pIJ101 requires the pIJ101 tra gene, as well as a cis-acting plasmid function known as clt. Here we show that the minimal pIJ101 clt locus consists of a sequence no greater than 54 bp in size that includes essential inverted-repeat and direct-repeat sequences and is located in close proximity to the 3′ end of the korB regulatory gene. Evidence that sequences extending beyond the minimal locus and into the korB open reading frame influence clt transfer function and demonstration that clt-korB sequences are intrinsically curved raise the possibility that higher-order structuring of DNA and …

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Proteolytic Enzymes In The Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas Atlantica: Post-Secretional Activation And Effects Of Environmental Conditions, Monica Hoffman, Alan W. Decho Dec 2000

Proteolytic Enzymes In The Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas Atlantica: Post-Secretional Activation And Effects Of Environmental Conditions, Monica Hoffman, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Production and activities of cellular and extracellular proteolytic enzymes associated with the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas atlantica were examined in response to physiological state and changing environmental variables under laboratory conditions. Enzymes evidenced by zymography were metalloproteases, as defined by substrate preference and susceptibility to inhibitors (EDTA and 1, 10-phenanthroline). Distinct bands (i.e. molecular-weight [MW] size classes) of enzymes were isolated from within cellular and extracellular compartments. Susceptibility of extracellular enzymes to environmental stressors was related, in part, to the MW size classes of the enzymes. While all bands of enzymes showed some degree of inhibition when pH was decreased, the …

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Biomedical Research Leaders: Report On Needs, Opportunities, Difficulties, Education And Training, And Evaluation, Samuel H. Wilson, Deborah Brown, Jay Moskowitz, Dan Hurley, David Brown, David Brown, Byron J. Bailey, Michael Mcclain, Marilyn Misenhimer, Judith Buckalew, Thomas Burks Dec 2000

Biomedical Research Leaders: Report On Needs, Opportunities, Difficulties, Education And Training, And Evaluation, Samuel H. Wilson, Deborah Brown, Jay Moskowitz, Dan Hurley, David Brown, David Brown, Byron J. Bailey, Michael Mcclain, Marilyn Misenhimer, Judith Buckalew, Thomas Burks

Faculty Publications

The National Association of Physicians for the Environment (NAPE) has assumed a leadership role in protecting environmental health in recent years. The Committee of Biomedical Research Leaders was convened at the recent NAPE Leadership Conference: Biomedical Research and the Environment held on 1–2 November 1999, at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. This report summarizes the discussion of the committee and its recommendations. The charge to the committee was to raise and address issues that will promote and sustain environmental health, safety, and energy efficiency within the biomedical community. Leaders from every important research sector (industry laboratories, academic health …

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Risk Factors And Gender Differentials For Death Among Children Hospitalized With Diarrhoea In Bangladesh, Amal K. Mitra, Mohammad M. Rahman, George J. Fuchs Dec 2000

Risk Factors And Gender Differentials For Death Among Children Hospitalized With Diarrhoea In Bangladesh, Amal K. Mitra, Mohammad M. Rahman, George J. Fuchs

Faculty Publications

To identify risk factors for death among children with diarrhoea, a cohort of 496 children, aged less than 5 years, admitted to the intensive care unit of a diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh, was studied during November 1992-June 1994, Clinical and laboratory records of children who died and of those who recovered in the hospital were compared, Deaths were significantly higher among those who had altered consciousness, hypoglycaemia, septicaemia, paralytic ileus, toxic colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, invasive or persistent diarrhoea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, Females experienced a 2-fold higher risk of death than males (p=0.003). Several indices of …

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Interactions Of Tillage And Soil Depth On Fluometuron Degradation In A Dundee Silt Loam Soil, R. M. Zablotowicz, M. A. Locke, L. A. Gaston, C. T. Bryson Nov 2000

Interactions Of Tillage And Soil Depth On Fluometuron Degradation In A Dundee Silt Loam Soil, R. M. Zablotowicz, M. A. Locke, L. A. Gaston, C. T. Bryson

Faculty Publications

Fluometuron (N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea) is the most widely used soil applied herbicide in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production in the Southeastern United States. Thus, there is a need to understand the persistence of this herbicide under various crop management systems in regards to both herbicide efficiency and environmental fate. The effects of long-term no-tillage practices on fluometuron degradation were studied in a Dundee silt loam under laboratory conditions. Soil was collected at four depths (0-2, 2-5, 5-10, and 10-25 cm) from field plots following 11 years of continuous no-tillage (NT) or conventional tillage (CT). Organic carbon content, microbial biomass, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA)-hydrolytic …

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Molecular Dynamics Calculations Of The Electrochemical Properties Of Electrolyte Systems Between Charged Electrodes, Richard L. Rowley, Paul S. Crozier, Douglas Henderson Nov 2000

Molecular Dynamics Calculations Of The Electrochemical Properties Of Electrolyte Systems Between Charged Electrodes, Richard L. Rowley, Paul S. Crozier, Douglas Henderson

Faculty Publications

We investigate the interfacial electrochemical properties of an aqueous electrolyte solution with discrete water molecules in slab geometry between charged atomistic electrodes. Long-range intermolecular Coulombic interactions are calculated using the particle particle particle mesh method with a modification to account for the slab geometry. Density distribution profiles and potential drops across the double layer are given for 0, 0.25, and 1 M aqueous electrolyte solutions each electrode surface charges. Results are compared qualitatively with experimental x-ray scattering findings, other computer simulation results, and traditional electrochemistry theory. The interfacial fluid structure characteristics are generally in good qualitative agreement with the conclusions …

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Kinetic Characterization Of His-Tagged Cp47 Photosystem Ii In Synechocystis Sp. Pcc6803, Zhao Liang Li, Terry M. Bricker, Robert Burnap Nov 2000

Kinetic Characterization Of His-Tagged Cp47 Photosystem Ii In Synechocystis Sp. Pcc6803, Zhao Liang Li, Terry M. Bricker, Robert Burnap

Faculty Publications

Recently, construction of strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 having a His6 extension (His-tag) of the carboxyl terminus of the CP47 protein has been reported (T.M. Bricker et al, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1409 (1998) 50; M.J. Reifler et al., in: Garab, Pusztai (Eds.) Proc. XIth International Congress on Photosynthesis, 1998). While these initial reports suggest a minimal impact of the His-tag upon Photosystem (PS) II function, a more thorough analysis of the kinetic properties of the modified complex is essential. This communication reports on a more detailed kinetic analysis to assess possible perturbations of PS II due to the genetic addition …

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Eosinophil Major Basic Protein-1 Does Not Contribute To Allergen-Induced Airway Pathologies In Mouse Models Of Asthma, K. L. Denzler, S. C. Farmer, J. R. Crosby, M. Borchers, G. Cieslewicz, K. A. Larson, S. Cormier-Regard, N. A. Lee, J. J. Lee Nov 2000

Eosinophil Major Basic Protein-1 Does Not Contribute To Allergen-Induced Airway Pathologies In Mouse Models Of Asthma, K. L. Denzler, S. C. Farmer, J. R. Crosby, M. Borchers, G. Cieslewicz, K. A. Larson, S. Cormier-Regard, N. A. Lee, J. J. Lee

Faculty Publications

The relationship between eosinophils and the development of Ag-induced pulmonary pathologies, including airway hyper-responsiveness, was investigated using mice deficient for the secondary granule component, major basic protein-1 (mMBP-1). The loss of mMBP-1 had no effect on OVA-induced airway histopathologies or inflammatory cell recruitment. Lung function measurements of knockout mice demonstrated a generalized hyporeactivity to methacholine-induced airflow changes (relative to wild type); however, this baseline phenotype was observable only with methacholine; no relative airflow changes were observed in response to another nonspecific stimulus (serotonin). Moreover, OVA sensitization/aerosol challenge of wild-type and mMBP-1(-/-) mice resulted in identical dose-response changes to either methacholine …

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Parallel Phylogenetic Inference, Mark J. Clement, David Mclaughlin, Quinn O. Snell, Michael Whiting Nov 2000

Parallel Phylogenetic Inference, Mark J. Clement, David Mclaughlin, Quinn O. Snell, Michael Whiting

Faculty Publications

Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have created large data sets upon which phylogenetic inference can be performed. However, current research is limited by the prohibitive time necessary to perform tree search on even a reasonably sized data set. Some parallel algorithms have been developed but the biological research community does not use them because they don’t trust the results from newly developed parallel software. This paper presents a new phylogenetic algorithm that allows existing, trusted phylogenetic software packages to be executed in parallel using the DOGMA parallel processing system. The results presented here indicate that data sets that currently …

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Potential Gene Conversion And Source Genes For Recently Integrated Alu Elements, Astrid M. Roy, Marion L. Carroll, Son V. Nguyen, Abdel Halim Salem, Michael Oldridge, Andrew O.M. Wilkie, Mark A. Batzer, Prescott L. Deininger Nov 2000

Potential Gene Conversion And Source Genes For Recently Integrated Alu Elements, Astrid M. Roy, Marion L. Carroll, Son V. Nguyen, Abdel Halim Salem, Michael Oldridge, Andrew O.M. Wilkie, Mark A. Batzer, Prescott L. Deininger

Faculty Publications

Alu elements comprise >10% of the human genome. We have used a computational biology approach to analyze the human genomic DNA sequence databases to determine the impact of gene conversion on the sequence diversity of recently integrated Alu elements and to identify Alu elements that were potentially retroposition competent. We analyzed 269 Alu Ya5 elements and identified 23 members of a new Alu subfamily termed Ya5a2 with an estimated copy number of 35 members, including the de novo Alu insertion in the NFI gene. Our analysis of Alu elements containing one to four (Ya1-Ya4) of the Ya5 subfamily-specific mutations suggests …

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Reading Between The Lines: Human Genomic Variation Induced By Line-1 Retrotransposition, Fang Miin Sheen, Stephen T. Sherry, Gregory M. Risch, Myles Robichaux, Ivane Nasidze, Mark Stoneking, Mark A. Batzer, Gary D. Swergold Nov 2000

Reading Between The Lines: Human Genomic Variation Induced By Line-1 Retrotransposition, Fang Miin Sheen, Stephen T. Sherry, Gregory M. Risch, Myles Robichaux, Ivane Nasidze, Mark Stoneking, Mark A. Batzer, Gary D. Swergold

Faculty Publications

The insertion of mobile elements into the genome represents a new class of genetic markers for the study of human evolution. Long interspersed elements (LINEs) have amplified to a copy number of about 100,000 over the last 100 million years of mammalian evolution and comprise ~15% of the human genome. The majority of LINE-1 (L1) elements within the human genome are 5' truncated copies of a few active L1 elements that are capable of retrotransposition. Some of the young L1 elements have inserted into the human genome so recently that populations are polymorphic for the presence of an L1 element …

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Dna Binding Properties Of The Arabidopsis Floral Development Protein Aintegumenta, Staci Nole-Wilson, Beth A. Krizek Nov 2000

Dna Binding Properties Of The Arabidopsis Floral Development Protein Aintegumenta, Staci Nole-Wilson, Beth A. Krizek

Faculty Publications

The Arabidopsis protein AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) is a member of a plant-specific family of transcription factors (AP2/EREBP) that share either one or two copies of an approximately 70 amino acid region called the AP2 repeat. DNA binding activity has been demonstrated previously for members of this family containing a single AP2 repeat. Using an in vitro selection procedure, the DNA binding specificity of the two AP2 repeat containing protein ANT was found to be 5'-gCAC(A/G)N(A/T)TcCC(a/g)ANG(c/t)-3'. This consensus site is much longer than sites recognized by proteins containing a single AP2 repeat and neither AP2 repeat of ANT was alone capable of …

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Effect Of Harvest And Effective Population Size On Genetic Diversity In A Striped Bass Population, Marilyn Diaz, David S. Wethey, James Bulak, Bert Ely Nov 2000

Effect Of Harvest And Effective Population Size On Genetic Diversity In A Striped Bass Population, Marilyn Diaz, David S. Wethey, James Bulak, Bert Ely

Faculty Publications

A major factor that contributes to loss of genetic variation in natural populations is a small effective population size. In species with a complex life history that involves overlapping generations and delayed maturity, the impact of infrequent annual reproductive bottlenecks is likely to be small because effective population size is defined by the number of individuals contributing to a generation and not to a single year-class. The striped bass Morone saxatilis is a longlived species with overlapping generations and age structure, whose recreational and commercial importance has made it a target of intense harvest.We analyzed allele frequency fluctuation among juvenile …

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Polymeric Substances And Biofilms As Biomarkers In Terrestrial Materials: Implications For Extraterrestrial Samples, Frances Westall, Andrew Steele, Jan Toporski, Maud Walsh, Carlton Allen, Sean Guidry, David Mckay, Everett Gibson, Henry Chafetz Oct 2000

Polymeric Substances And Biofilms As Biomarkers In Terrestrial Materials: Implications For Extraterrestrial Samples, Frances Westall, Andrew Steele, Jan Toporski, Maud Walsh, Carlton Allen, Sean Guidry, David Mckay, Everett Gibson, Henry Chafetz

Faculty Publications

Organic polymeric substances are a fundamental component of microbial biofilms. Microorganisms, especially bacteria, secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to form slime layers in which they reproduce. In the sedimentary environment, biofilms commonly contain the products of degraded bacteria as well as allochthonous and autochthonous mineral components. They are complex structures which serve as protection for the colonies of microorganisms living in them and also act as nutrient traps. Biofilms are almost ubiquitous wherever there is an interface and moisture (liquid/liquid, liquid/solid, liquid/gas, solid/gas). In sedimentary rocks they are commonly recognized as stromatolites. We also discuss the distinction between bacterial biofilms …

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Does A Rigid Body Limit Maneuverability?, Jeffrey A. Walker Phd Oct 2000

Does A Rigid Body Limit Maneuverability?, Jeffrey A. Walker Phd

Faculty Publications

Whether a rigid body limits maneuverability depends on how maneuverability is defined. By the current definition, the minimum radius of the turn, a rigid-bodied, spotted boxfish Ostracion meleagris approaches maximum maneuverability, i.e. it can spin around with minimum turning radii near zero. The radius of the minimum space required to turn is an alternative measure of maneuverability. By this definition, O. meleagris is not very maneuverable. The observed space required by O. meleagris to turn is slightly greater than its theoretical minimum but much greater than that of highly flexible fish. Agility, the rate of turning, is related to maneuverability. …

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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Acetaminophen, Cyclooxygenase 2, And Fever, Daniel L. Simmons, David Wagner, Kenneth Westover Oct 2000

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Acetaminophen, Cyclooxygenase 2, And Fever, Daniel L. Simmons, David Wagner, Kenneth Westover

Faculty Publications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used antipyretic agents that most probably exert their antifever effect by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX)–2. Thus, COX-2–selective drugs or null mutation of the COX-2 gene reduce or prevent fever. Acetaminophen is antipyretic and analgesic, as are NSAIDs, but it lacks the anti-inflammatory and anticoagulatory properties of these drugs. This has led to the speculation that a COX variant exists that is inhibitable by acetaminophen. An acetaminophen-inhibitable enzyme is inducible in the mouse J774.2 monocyte cell line. Induction of acetaminophen-inhibitable prostaglandin E2 synthesis parallels induction of COX-2. Thus, inhibition of pharmacologically distinct COX-2 enzyme activity by …

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A Community Of Interest In The Due Process Calculus, Charles H. Koch Jr. Oct 2000

A Community Of Interest In The Due Process Calculus, Charles H. Koch Jr.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Discovery Of A Novel, Paternally Expressed Ubiquitin-Specific Processing Protease Gene Through Comparative Analysis Of An Imprinted Region Of Mouse Chromosome 7 And Human Chromosome 19q13.4, Joomyeong Kim, Vladimir N. Noskov, Xiaochen Lu, Anne Bergmann, Xiaojia Ren, Tiffany Warth, Paul Richardson, Natalya Kouprina, Lisa Stubbs Sep 2000

Discovery Of A Novel, Paternally Expressed Ubiquitin-Specific Processing Protease Gene Through Comparative Analysis Of An Imprinted Region Of Mouse Chromosome 7 And Human Chromosome 19q13.4, Joomyeong Kim, Vladimir N. Noskov, Xiaochen Lu, Anne Bergmann, Xiaojia Ren, Tiffany Warth, Paul Richardson, Natalya Kouprina, Lisa Stubbs

Faculty Publications

Using mouse BAC clones spanning an imprinted interval of proximal mouse chromosome 7 and the genomic sequence of the related interval of human chromosome 19q13.4, we have identified a novel mouse gene, Usp29 (ubiquitin-specific processing protease 29), near two known imprinted genes, Peg3 and Zim1. Gene Usp29 is located directly adjacent to Peg3 in a ″head-to-head″ orientation, and comprises exons distributed over a genomic distance of at least 400 kb. A similar human gene is also found in the homologous location in human chromosome 19q13.4. The mouse Usp29 gene is also imprinted and is transcribed mainly from the paternal allele …

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High Phosphorylation Efficiency And Depression Of Uncoupled Respiration In Mitochondria Under Hypoxia, Erich Gnaiger, Gabriela Méndez, Steven C. Hand Sep 2000

High Phosphorylation Efficiency And Depression Of Uncoupled Respiration In Mitochondria Under Hypoxia, Erich Gnaiger, Gabriela Méndez, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

Mitochondria are confronted with low oxygen levels in the microenvironment within tissues; yet, isolated mitochondria are routinely studied under air-saturated conditions that are effectively hyperoxic, increase oxidative stress, and may impair mitochondrial function. Under hypoxia, on the other hand, respiration and ATP supply are restricted. Under these conditions of oxygen limitation, any compromise in the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation to oxygen consumption could accentuate ATP depletion, leading to metabolic failure. To address this issue, we have developed the approach of oxygen-injection microcalorimetry and ADP-injection respirometry for evaluating mitochondrial function at limiting oxygen supply. Whereas phosphorylation efficiency drops during ADP limitation …

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Response Of Atmospheric Methane Consumption By Maine Forest Soils To Exogenous Aluminum Salts, K. Nanba, G. M. King Sep 2000

Response Of Atmospheric Methane Consumption By Maine Forest Soils To Exogenous Aluminum Salts, K. Nanba, G. M. King

Faculty Publications

Atmospheric methane consumption by Maine forest soils was inhibited by additions of environmentally relevant levels of aluminum. Aluminum chloride was more inhibitory than nitrate or sulfate salts, but its effect was comparable to that of a chelated form of aluminum. Inhibition could be explained in part by the lower soil pH values which resulted from aluminum addition. However, significantly greater inhibition by aluminum than by mineral acids at equivalent soil pH values indicated that inhibition also resulted from direct effects of aluminum per se. The extent of inhibition by exogenous aluminum increased with increasing methane concentration for soils incubated in …

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Effect Of Collagen Turnover On The Accumulation Of Advanced Glycation End Products, Nicole Verzijl, Jeroen Degroot, Suzanne R. Thorpe, Ruud A. Bank, J. Nikki Shaw, Timothy J. Lyons, Johannes Wj Bijlsma, Floris Pjg Lafeber, John W. Baynes, Johan M. Tekoppele Sep 2000

Effect Of Collagen Turnover On The Accumulation Of Advanced Glycation End Products, Nicole Verzijl, Jeroen Degroot, Suzanne R. Thorpe, Ruud A. Bank, J. Nikki Shaw, Timothy J. Lyons, Johannes Wj Bijlsma, Floris Pjg Lafeber, John W. Baynes, Johan M. Tekoppele

Faculty Publications

Collagen molecules in articular cartilage have an exceptionally long lifetime, which makes them susceptible to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In fact, in comparison to other collagen-rich tissues, articular cartilage contains relatively high amounts of the AGE pentosidine. To test the hypothesis that this higher AGE accumulation is primarily the result of the slow turnover of cartilage collagen, AGE levels in cartilage and skin collagen were compared with the degree of racemization of aspartic acid (% D-Asp, a measure of the residence time of a protein). AGE (Ne- (carboxymethyl)lysine, Ne-(carboxyethyl)lysine, and pentosidine) and % D-Asp concentrations increased …

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Re: 'Differences In Socioeconomic Status And Survival Among White And Black Men With Prostate Cancer' [1] (Multiple Letters), Jay S. Kaufman, Robert Millikan, Charles Poole, Paul Godley, Richard S. Cooper, Vincent Freeman Sep 2000

Re: 'Differences In Socioeconomic Status And Survival Among White And Black Men With Prostate Cancer' [1] (Multiple Letters), Jay S. Kaufman, Robert Millikan, Charles Poole, Paul Godley, Richard S. Cooper, Vincent Freeman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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