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A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny Of The Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support For A Gondwanan Origin During The Cretaceous, Timothy F. Wright, Erin E. Schirtzinger, Tania Matsumoto, Jessica R. Eberhard, Gary R. Graves, Juan J. Sanchez, Sara Capelli, Heinrich Müller, Julia Scharpegge, Geoffrey K. Chambers, Robert C. Fleischer Oct 2008

A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny Of The Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support For A Gondwanan Origin During The Cretaceous, Timothy F. Wright, Erin E. Schirtzinger, Tania Matsumoto, Jessica R. Eberhard, Gary R. Graves, Juan J. Sanchez, Sara Capelli, Heinrich Müller, Julia Scharpegge, Geoffrey K. Chambers, Robert C. Fleischer

Faculty Publications

The question of when modern birds (Neornithes) first diversified has generated much debate among avian systematists. Fossil evidence generally supports a Tertiary diversification, whereas estimates based on molecular dating favor an earlier diversification in the Cretaceous period. In this study, we used an alternate approach, the inference of historical biogeographic patterns, to test the hypothesis that the initial radiation of the Order Psittaciformes (the parrots and cockatoos) originated on the Gondwana supercontinent during the Cretaceous. We utilized broad taxonomic sampling (representatives of 69 of the 82 extant genera and 8 outgroup taxa) and multilocus molecular character sampling (3,941 bp from …

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Bias In Population Growth Rate Estimation: Sparse Data, Partial Life Cycle Analysis And Jensen's Inequality, Jason S. Grear, Bret D. Elderd Oct 2008

Bias In Population Growth Rate Estimation: Sparse Data, Partial Life Cycle Analysis And Jensen's Inequality, Jason S. Grear, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

Demographic matrix models have become an integral part of population viability analysis for threatened and endangered species, but their use is often limited by data availability. A common solution to this problem is to assume constant annual rates within a multi-year stage. Partial life cycle analysis (PLC), which incorporates only juvenile and adult stages, is a noteworthy example of this approach because it has been described in the literature as a reliable approximation of age-structured populations. However, we predict from Jensen's Inequality that the required lumping of age classes leads to over- or underestimation of population fitness when survival rates …

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Mathematics Library News 4, Aaron Lercher Oct 2008

Mathematics Library News 4, Aaron Lercher

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Packaging Film And Storage Temperature On The Internal Package Atmosphere And Fermentation Enzyme Activity Of Sweet Potato Slices, Elif Erturk, David H. Picha Oct 2008

The Effects Of Packaging Film And Storage Temperature On The Internal Package Atmosphere And Fermentation Enzyme Activity Of Sweet Potato Slices, Elif Erturk, David H. Picha

Faculty Publications

Fresh-cut sweet potato slices were packaged in low- (PD900), medium- (PD961) and high-permeability (PD941) film bags, and were stored at 2 or 8C for 14 days. Changes in O 2, CO 2, ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations in the headspace were monitored over 14 days. The activities of fermentation enzymes and the concentration of fermentation volatiles were measured from tissue extracts on days 0, 7 and 14. Storage at 8C was an excessively high temperature for fresh-cut sweet potatoes to maintain aerobic respiration for 14 days. Low-permeability film bags resulted in anaerobiosis at 2 and 8C. Medium-permeability film bags were able …

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Combustion Byproducts And Their Health Effects: Summary Of The 10 Th International Congress, Barry Dellinger, Antonio D'Alessio, Andrea D'Anna, Anna Ciajolo, Brian Gullett, Heather Henry, Mel Keener, Jo Ann Lighty, Slawomir Lomnicki, Donald Lucas, Günter Oberdörster, Demetrio Pitea, William Suk, Adel Sarofim, Kirk R. Smith, Tobias Stoeger, Paige Tolbert, Ron Wyzga, Ralf Zimmermann Oct 2008

Combustion Byproducts And Their Health Effects: Summary Of The 10 Th International Congress, Barry Dellinger, Antonio D'Alessio, Andrea D'Anna, Anna Ciajolo, Brian Gullett, Heather Henry, Mel Keener, Jo Ann Lighty, Slawomir Lomnicki, Donald Lucas, Günter Oberdörster, Demetrio Pitea, William Suk, Adel Sarofim, Kirk R. Smith, Tobias Stoeger, Paige Tolbert, Ron Wyzga, Ralf Zimmermann

Faculty Publications

The 10th International Congress on Combustion Byproducts and their Health Effects was held in Ischia, Italy, from June 17-20, 2007. It is sponsored by the US NIEHS, NSF, Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI), and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The congress focused on: the origin, characterization, and health impacts of combustion-generated fine and ultrafine particles; emissions of mercury and dioxins, and the development/application of novel analytical/diagnostic tools. The consensus of the discussion was that particle-associated organics, metals, and persistent free radicals (PFRs) produced by combustion sources are the likely source of the observed health impacts of airborne PM rather …

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Victorian Writers, Remembered & Forgotten, Patrick G. Scott Oct 2008

Victorian Writers, Remembered & Forgotten, Patrick G. Scott

Faculty Publications

Based on a library exhibition at the University of South Carolina, summarizes the career and writings of many well-known British Victorian novelists, poets and non-fiction writers (including Dickens, Thackeray, Carlyle, Darwin, Tennyson, E.B. and Robert Browning, the Brontes, George Eliot, R.L.Stevenson), in contrast with the achievements of lesser-known writers also represented in the library's special collections (including G. W. M. Reynolds, Elizabeth Sewell, William North, Rhoda Broughton, and George Douglas Brown). Originally developed as an exhibition for the 2008 meeting of the Victorians Institute.

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Repression Of The Sumo-Specific Protease Senp1 Induces P53-Dependent Premature Senescence In Normal Human Fibroblasts, Kristin E. Yates, Gregory A. Korbel, Michael Shtutman, Igor Roninson, Daniel Dimaio Oct 2008

Repression Of The Sumo-Specific Protease Senp1 Induces P53-Dependent Premature Senescence In Normal Human Fibroblasts, Kristin E. Yates, Gregory A. Korbel, Michael Shtutman, Igor Roninson, Daniel Dimaio

Faculty Publications

The proliferative lifespan of normal somatic human cells in culture terminates in a permanent growth-arrested state known as replicative senescence. In this study, we show that RNA interference-mediated repression of the genes encoding the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-specific proteases, Senp1, Senp2, and Senp7, induced low passage primary human fibroblasts to senesce rapidly. Following Senp1 repression, we observed a global increase in sumoylated proteins and in the number and size of nuclear SUMO-containing promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies. SUMO/PML bodies also increased during replicative senescence. p53 transcriptional activity was enhanced towards known p53 target genes following repression of Senp1, and inhibition of …

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Book Review: Forest Of Time: A Century Of Science At Wind River Experimental Forest, By Margaret Herring And Sarah Greene, Emily K. Brock Oct 2008

Book Review: Forest Of Time: A Century Of Science At Wind River Experimental Forest, By Margaret Herring And Sarah Greene, Emily K. Brock

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Hydrologic Response To Extreme Warm And Cold Summers In The Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, East Antarctica, Peter T. Doran, Christopher P. Mckay, Andrew G. Fountain, Thomas Nylen, Diane M. Mcknight, Chris Jaros, John E. Barrett Oct 2008

Hydrologic Response To Extreme Warm And Cold Summers In The Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, East Antarctica, Peter T. Doran, Christopher P. Mckay, Andrew G. Fountain, Thomas Nylen, Diane M. Mcknight, Chris Jaros, John E. Barrett

Faculty Publications

The meteorological characteristics and hydrological response of an extreme warm, and cold summer in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are compared. The driver behind the warmer summer conditions was the occurrence of down-valley winds, which were not present during the colder summer. Occurrence of the summer down-valley winds coincided with lower than typical mean sea level pressure in the Ross Sea region. There was no significant difference in the amount of solar radiation received during the two summers. Compared to the cold summer, glaciological and hydrological response to the warm summer in Taylor Valley included significant glacier mass loss, and 3- …

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Nf‐Κb, But Not P38 Map Kinase, Is Required For Tnf‐Α‐Induced Expression Of Cell Adhesion Molecules In Endothelial Cells, Suja Rajan, Jianiming Ye, Shashan Bai, Faqing Huang, Yan-Lin Guo Oct 2008

Nf‐Κb, But Not P38 Map Kinase, Is Required For Tnf‐Α‐Induced Expression Of Cell Adhesion Molecules In Endothelial Cells, Suja Rajan, Jianiming Ye, Shashan Bai, Faqing Huang, Yan-Lin Guo

Faculty Publications

In response to inflammation stimuli, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induces expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in endothelial cells (ECs). Studies have suggested that the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and the p38 MAP kinase (p38) signaling pathways play central roles in this process, but conflicting results have been reported. The objective of this study is to determine the relative contributions of the two pathways to the effect of TNF‐α. Our initial data indicated that blockade of p38 activity by chemical inhibitor SB203580 (SB) at 10 µM moderately inhibited TNF‐α‐induced expression of three types of CAMs; ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and E‐selectin, indicating that …

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From Pulp Hero To Superhero: Culture, Race, And Identity In American Popular Culture, 1900-1940, Julian C. Chambliss, William L. Svitavsky Oct 2008

From Pulp Hero To Superhero: Culture, Race, And Identity In American Popular Culture, 1900-1940, Julian C. Chambliss, William L. Svitavsky

Faculty Publications

Adventure characters in the pulp magazines and comic books of the early twentieth century reflected development in the ongoing American fascination with heroic figures. As established figures such as the cowboy became disconnected from everyday experiences of Americans, new popular fantasies emerged, providing readers with essentialist action heroes whose adventures stylized the struggle of the American everyman with a modern, industrialized, heterogeneous world. Popular characters such as Tarzan, Conan, the Shadow, and Doc Savage perpetuated the individualistic archetype Americans associated with the frontier cowboy and the struggles of manifest destiny while offering the fantastic adventure, exoticism, and escapism that modernity …

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Si Cycle In The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela: Seasonal Variability In Silicate Availability And The Si:C:N Composition Of Sinking Particles, Robert Thunell, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Frank Muller-Karger, Laura Lorenzoni, Kent Fanning, Mary Scranton, Ramon Varela, Yrene Astor Oct 2008

Si Cycle In The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela: Seasonal Variability In Silicate Availability And The Si:C:N Composition Of Sinking Particles, Robert Thunell, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Frank Muller-Karger, Laura Lorenzoni, Kent Fanning, Mary Scranton, Ramon Varela, Yrene Astor

Faculty Publications

[1] A 9‐year time series of water column and sediment trap measurements was used to examine silicon cycling within the anoxic Cariaco Basin. The dynamic hydrographic regime within Cariaco Basin results in strong seasonal changes in nutrient availability and the Si:C:N of sinking particles. Upwelling in early winter injects silicic acid (Si(OH)4= ) and nitrate (NO3−) rich waters into the photic zone which stimulates primary production and results in opal fluxes in excess of 4 mmol Si m−2 d−1. However, even during upwelling, surface waters tend to be depleted (μM) in both Si(OH)4= and NO3− as a result …

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Does Place Explain Racial Health Disparities? Quantifying The Contribution Of Residential Context To The Black/White Health Gap In The United States, Brian K. Finch, D. Phuong Do, Ricardo Basurto-Davila, Chloe E. Bird, José J. Escarce, Nicole Lurie Oct 2008

Does Place Explain Racial Health Disparities? Quantifying The Contribution Of Residential Context To The Black/White Health Gap In The United States, Brian K. Finch, D. Phuong Do, Ricardo Basurto-Davila, Chloe E. Bird, José J. Escarce, Nicole Lurie

Faculty Publications

The persistence of the black health disadvantage has been a puzzling component of health in the United States in spite of general declines in rates of morbidity and mortality over the past century. Studies that have focused on well-established individual-level determinants of health such as socio-economic status and health behaviors have been unable to fully explain these disparities. Recent research has begun to focus on other factors such as racism, discrimination, and segregation. Variation in neighborhood context - socio-demographic composition, social aspects, and built environment - has been postulated as an additional explanation for racial disparities, but few attempts have …

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Breast Cancer Survival Among Economically Disadvantaged Women: The Influences Of Delayed Diagnosis And Treatment On Mortality, Emily Rose Smith, Swann Arp Adams, Irene Prabhu Das, Matteo Bottai, Jeanette Fulton, James R. Hébert Oct 2008

Breast Cancer Survival Among Economically Disadvantaged Women: The Influences Of Delayed Diagnosis And Treatment On Mortality, Emily Rose Smith, Swann Arp Adams, Irene Prabhu Das, Matteo Bottai, Jeanette Fulton, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

Breast cancer affects thousands each year in the United States, and disproportionately affects certain subgroups. For example, the incidence of breast cancer in South Carolina is lower in African American compared with European American women by ~12% to 15%, but their mortality rate is twice as high as in European American women. The purpose of the study was to assess factors associated with breast cancer mortality between African American and European American women. Participants (n = 314) in South Carolina's Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (SCBCCEDP), which provides breast cancer screening and treatment services, during the years …

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Modeling The Daily Activities Of Breeding Colonial Seabirds: Dynamic Occupancy Patterns In Multiple Habitat Patches, Andrea L. Moore, Smruti P. Damania, Shandelle M. Henson, James L. Hayward Oct 2008

Modeling The Daily Activities Of Breeding Colonial Seabirds: Dynamic Occupancy Patterns In Multiple Habitat Patches, Andrea L. Moore, Smruti P. Damania, Shandelle M. Henson, James L. Hayward

Faculty Publications

We constructed differential equation models for the diurnal abundance and distribution of breeding glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) as they moved among nesting and non-nesting habitat patches. We used time scale techniques to reduce the differential equations to algebraic equations and connected the models to field data. The models explained the data as a function of abiotic environmental variables with R2=0.57. A primary goal of this study is to demonstrate the utility of a methodology that can be used by ecologists and wildlife managers to understand and predict daily activity patterns in breeding seabirds.

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A Darwinist View Of The Living Constitution, Scott Dodson Oct 2008

A Darwinist View Of The Living Constitution, Scott Dodson

Faculty Publications

The metaphor of a “living” Constitution imports terms from biology into law and, in the process, relies on biology for its meaning. A proper understanding of biology is therefore central to understanding the idea of “living” constitutionalism. Yet despite its rampant use by both opponents and proponents of living constitutionalism, and despite the current fervent debate over whether biology can be useful to the law, no one has evaluated the metaphor from a biological perspective. This Essay begins that inquiry in an interdisciplinary study of law, science, and philology. The Essay first evaluates the metaphor as it is currently used …

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Newly Discovered Sister Lineage Sheds Light On Early Ant Evolution, Christian Rabeling, Jeremy M. Brown, Manfred Verhaagh Sep 2008

Newly Discovered Sister Lineage Sheds Light On Early Ant Evolution, Christian Rabeling, Jeremy M. Brown, Manfred Verhaagh

Faculty Publications

Ants are the world's most conspicuous and important eusocial insects and their diversity, abundance, and extreme behavioral specializations make them a model system for several disciplines within the biological sciences. Here, we report the discovery of a new ant that appears to represent the sister lineage to all extant ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The phylogenetic position of this cryptic predator from the soils of the Amazon rainforest was inferred from several nuclear genes, sequenced from a single leg. Martialis heureka (gen. et sp. nov.) also constitutes the sole representative of a new, morphologically distinct subfamily of ants, the Martialinae (subfam. nov.). …

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Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Justice, And The Problem Of Unequal Biological Access, Mark Moller Sep 2008

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Justice, And The Problem Of Unequal Biological Access, Mark Moller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Dynamics Of N Removal Over Annual Time Periods In A Suburban River Network, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Bruce J. Peterson, S. M. Thomas, Charles S. Hopkinson, Charles J. Vorosmarty Sep 2008

Dynamics Of N Removal Over Annual Time Periods In A Suburban River Network, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Bruce J. Peterson, S. M. Thomas, Charles S. Hopkinson, Charles J. Vorosmarty

Faculty Publications

River systems are dynamic, highly connected water transfer networks that integrate a wide range of physical and biological processes. We used a river network nitrogen (N) removal model with daily temporal resolution to evaluate how elevated N inputs, saturation of the denitrification and total nitrate removal processes, and hydrologic conditions interact to determine the amount, timing and distribution of N removal in the fifth‐order river network of a suburban 400 km2 basin. Denitrification parameters were based on results from whole reach 15NO3 tracer additions. The model predicted that between 15 and 33% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) inputs were denitrified …

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Lis1 And Ndel1 Influence The Timing Of Nuclear Envelope Breakdown In Neural Stem Cells, Sachin Hebbar, Mariano T. Mesngon, Aimee M. Guillotte, Bhavim Desai, Ramses Ayala, Deanna S. Smith Sep 2008

Lis1 And Ndel1 Influence The Timing Of Nuclear Envelope Breakdown In Neural Stem Cells, Sachin Hebbar, Mariano T. Mesngon, Aimee M. Guillotte, Bhavim Desai, Ramses Ayala, Deanna S. Smith

Faculty Publications

Lis1 and Ndel1 are essential for animal development. They interact directly with one another and with cytoplasmic dynein. The developing brain is especially sensitive to reduced Lis1 or Ndel1 levels, as both proteins influence spindle orientation, neural cell fate decisions, and neuronal migration. We report here that Lis1 and Ndel1 reduction in a mitotic cell line impairs prophase nuclear envelope (NE) invagination (PNEI). This dyneindependent process facilitates NE breakdown (NEBD) and occurs before the establishment of the bipolar spindle. Ndel1 phosphorylation is important for this function, regulating binding to both Lis1 and dynein. Prophase cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) …

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Seasonal Variations In Nutrient Concentrations And Speciation In The Chena River, Alaska, Yihua Cai, Laodong Guo, Thomas A. Douglas, Terry E. Whitledge Sep 2008

Seasonal Variations In Nutrient Concentrations And Speciation In The Chena River, Alaska, Yihua Cai, Laodong Guo, Thomas A. Douglas, Terry E. Whitledge

Faculty Publications

To better understand the seasonal controls on nutrient abundances, speciation, and fluxes in a watershed underlain by discontinuous permafrost, we collected water samples biweekly from the Chena River during 2005-2006 to measure inorganic and organic N, P, and Si in dissolved and particulate phases. Nitrate concentrations were low (8-14 mu M) during the winter and summer dry seasons but were elevated during the spring freshet (15-24 mu M). Ammonium varied from 8 to 13 mu M during the winter but dropped dramatically during the ice-open season to 0.1-3 mM. Phosphate was very low throughout the year (ranging from 0.03 to …

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Oriented Cell Growth On Self-Assembled Bacteriophage M13 Thin Films, Jianhua Rong, L. Andrew Lee, Kai Li, Brandon Harp, Charlene M. Mello, Zhongwei Niu, Qian Wang Sep 2008

Oriented Cell Growth On Self-Assembled Bacteriophage M13 Thin Films, Jianhua Rong, L. Andrew Lee, Kai Li, Brandon Harp, Charlene M. Mello, Zhongwei Niu, Qian Wang

Faculty Publications

Fibrillar M13 bacteriophages were used as basic building blocks to generate thin films with aligned nanogrooves, which, upon chemical grafting with RGD peptides, guide cell alignment and orient the cell outgrowth along defined directions.

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The Crimes Of Terrorism, Beth Van Schaack, Ron Slye Sep 2008

The Crimes Of Terrorism, Beth Van Schaack, Ron Slye

Faculty Publications

This work is a chapter for a forthcoming book on The Essentials of International Criminal Law to be published by Aspen Publishers as part of its Essentials series. This chapter discusses the contested concept of terrorism under international law, with a focus on efforts to criminalize the phenomenon. In particular, it discusses the major obstacles to achieving an omnibus definition of the crime with a particular emphasis on the intersection of the prohibitions against terrorism and international humanitarian law. Additional chapters in the text address the history of ICL, the sources of ICL, the major international crimes and defenses, and …

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Light-Dependant Biostabilisation Of Sediments By Stromatolite Assemblages, David M. Paterson, Rebecca J. Aspden, Pieter T. Visscher, Mireille Consalvey, Miriam S. Andres, Alan W. Decho, John F. Stolz, R. Pamela Reid Sep 2008

Light-Dependant Biostabilisation Of Sediments By Stromatolite Assemblages, David M. Paterson, Rebecca J. Aspden, Pieter T. Visscher, Mireille Consalvey, Miriam S. Andres, Alan W. Decho, John F. Stolz, R. Pamela Reid

Faculty Publications

For the first time we have investigated the natural ecosystem engineering capacity of stromatolitic microbial assemblages. Stromatolites are laminated sedimentary structures formed by microbial activity and are considered to have dominated the shallows of the Precambrian oceans. Their fossilised remains are the most ancient unambiguous record of early life on earth. Stromatolites can therefore be considered as the first recognisable ecosystems on the planet. However, while many discussions have taken place over their structure and form, we have very little information on their functional ecology and how such assemblages persisted despite strong eternal forcing from wind and waves. The capture …

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Many Species In One: Dna Barcoding Overestimates The Number Of Species When Nuclear Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Are Coamplified, Michael F. Whiting, Hojun Song, Keith A. Crandall, Jennifer E. Buhay Sep 2008

Many Species In One: Dna Barcoding Overestimates The Number Of Species When Nuclear Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Are Coamplified, Michael F. Whiting, Hojun Song, Keith A. Crandall, Jennifer E. Buhay

Faculty Publications

Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) are nonfunctional copies of mtDNA in the nucleus that have been found in major clades of eukaryotic organisms.

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Determining The Impact Of Crawfish Imports On U.S. Domestic Prices, P. Lynn Kennedy, Young Jae Lee Sep 2008

Determining The Impact Of Crawfish Imports On U.S. Domestic Prices, P. Lynn Kennedy, Young Jae Lee

Faculty Publications

The study identifies the linkage between imports and the domestic price of crawfish. The results show a simultaneous increase in imports and domestic prices of crawfish while showing a negative relationship between domestic landings and price. Each model shows that there is a seasonality effect on the domestic price of crawfish. The study also shows that increases in the domestic supplies of shrimp, tilapia, and clams generated increases in the domestic crawfish price, while increases in imported and domestic supplies of beef and imported supplies of pork decreased the domestic crawfish price.

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Diffusion Models For Animals In Complex Landscapes: Incorporating Heterogeneity Among Substrates, Individuals And Edge Behaviours, John D. Reeve, James T. Cronin, Kyle J. Haynes Sep 2008

Diffusion Models For Animals In Complex Landscapes: Incorporating Heterogeneity Among Substrates, Individuals And Edge Behaviours, John D. Reeve, James T. Cronin, Kyle J. Haynes

Faculty Publications

1. Animals move commonly through a variety of landscape elements and edges in search of food, mates and other resources. We developed a diffusion model for the movement of an insect herbivore, the planthopper Prokelisia crocea, that inhabits a landscape composed of patches of its host plant, prairie cordgrass Spartina pectinata, embedded in a matrix of mudflat or smooth brome Bromus inermis. 2. We used mark-release-resight experiments to quantify planthopper movements within cordgrass-brome and cordgrass-mudflat arenas. A diffusion model was then fitted that included varying diffusion rates for cordgrass and matrix, edge behaviour in the form of a biased random …

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Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Based Treatment Planning For Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy And Proton Therapy For Distal Esophageal Cancer, Xiaodong Zhang, Kuai Le Zhao, Thomas M. Guerrero, Sean E. Mcguire, Brian Yaremko, Ritsuko Komaki, James D. Cox, Zhouguang Hui, Yupeng Li, Wayne D. Newhauser, Radhe Mohan, Zhongxing Liao Sep 2008

Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Based Treatment Planning For Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy And Proton Therapy For Distal Esophageal Cancer, Xiaodong Zhang, Kuai Le Zhao, Thomas M. Guerrero, Sean E. Mcguire, Brian Yaremko, Ritsuko Komaki, James D. Cox, Zhouguang Hui, Yupeng Li, Wayne D. Newhauser, Radhe Mohan, Zhongxing Liao

Faculty Publications

Purpose: To compare three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT)-based treatment plans for proton therapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for esophageal cancer in terms of doses to the lung, heart, and spinal cord and variations in target coverage and normal tissue sparing. Methods and Materials: The IMRT and proton plans for 15 patients with distal esophageal cancer were designed from the 3D average CT scans and then recalculated on 10 4D CT data sets. Dosimetric data were compared for tumor coverage and normal tissue sparing. Results: Compared with IMRT, median lung volumes exposed to 5, 10, and 20 …

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Inchoate Cd8+ T Cell Responses In Neonatal Mice Permit Influenza-Induced Persistent Pulmonary Dysfunction, Dahui You, Michael Ripple, Shrilatha Balakrishna, Dana Troxclair, Dane Sandquist, Liren Ding, Terry A. Ahlert, Stephania A. Cormier Sep 2008

Inchoate Cd8+ T Cell Responses In Neonatal Mice Permit Influenza-Induced Persistent Pulmonary Dysfunction, Dahui You, Michael Ripple, Shrilatha Balakrishna, Dana Troxclair, Dane Sandquist, Liren Ding, Terry A. Ahlert, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

Influenza infection remains a significant cause of pulmonary morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the highest hospitalization and mortality rates occurring in infants and elder adults. The mechanisms inducing this considerable morbidity and mortality are largely unknown. To address this question, we established a neonatal mouse model of influenza infection to test the hypothesis that the immaturity of the neonatal immune system is responsible for the severe pulmonary disease observed in infants. Seven-day-old mice were infected with influenza A virus (H1N1) and allowed to mature. As adults, these mice showed enhanced airway hyperreactivity, chronic pulmonary inflammation, and diffuse emphysematous-type lesions in …

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Wtse, An Avre-Family Type Iii Effector Protein Of Pantoea Stewartii Subsp. Stewartii, Causes Cell Death In Non-Host Plants, Jong Hyun Ham, Doris Majerczak, Sophie Ewert, Mysore Venkatarau Sreerekha, David Mackey, David Coplin Sep 2008

Wtse, An Avre-Family Type Iii Effector Protein Of Pantoea Stewartii Subsp. Stewartii, Causes Cell Death In Non-Host Plants, Jong Hyun Ham, Doris Majerczak, Sophie Ewert, Mysore Venkatarau Sreerekha, David Mackey, David Coplin

Faculty Publications

Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pnss) causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of sweet corn and leaf blight of maize. The pathogenicity of Pnss depends on synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide and an Hrp type III secretion system. WtsE, a type III secreted effector protein, is essential for the virulence of Pnss on corn. It belongs to the AvrE family of effectors, which includes DspA/E from Erwinia amylovora and AvrE1 from Pseudomonas syringae. Previously, WtsE was shown to cause disease-associated cell death in its host plant, sweet corn. Here, we examine the biological activity of WtsE in several non-host plants. WtsE induced cell death …

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