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A Path To Success? A Review Of Evolution, Development, And The Predictable Genome By David L. Stern, Hope Hollocher, Charles H. Pence, Grant Ramsey, Michelle M. Wirth Jan 2013

A Path To Success? A Review Of Evolution, Development, And The Predictable Genome By David L. Stern, Hope Hollocher, Charles H. Pence, Grant Ramsey, Michelle M. Wirth

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Integrative Annotation Of Variants From 1092 Humans: Application To Cancer Genomics, E. Khurana, Y. Fu, V. Colonna, X. J. Mu, H. M. Kang, T. Lappalainen, A. Sboner, L. Lochovsky, J. Chen, A. Harmanci, J. Das, A. Abyzov, S. Balasubramanian, K. Beal, D. Chakravarty, D. Challis, Y. Chen, D. Clarke, L. Clarke, F. Cunningham, U. S. Evani, P. Flicek, R. Fragoza, E. Garrison, R. Gibbs, Z. H. Gümüş, J. Herrero, N. Kitabayashi, Y. Kong, K. Lage, V. Liluashvili, S. M. Lipkin, D. G. Macarthur, G. Marth Jan 2013

Integrative Annotation Of Variants From 1092 Humans: Application To Cancer Genomics, E. Khurana, Y. Fu, V. Colonna, X. J. Mu, H. M. Kang, T. Lappalainen, A. Sboner, L. Lochovsky, J. Chen, A. Harmanci, J. Das, A. Abyzov, S. Balasubramanian, K. Beal, D. Chakravarty, D. Challis, Y. Chen, D. Clarke, L. Clarke, F. Cunningham, U. S. Evani, P. Flicek, R. Fragoza, E. Garrison, R. Gibbs, Z. H. Gümüş, J. Herrero, N. Kitabayashi, Y. Kong, K. Lage, V. Liluashvili, S. M. Lipkin, D. G. Macarthur, G. Marth

Faculty Publications

Interpreting variants, especially noncoding ones, in the increasing number of personal genomes is challenging. We used patterns of polymorphisms in functionally annotated regions in 1092 humans to identify deleterious variants; then we experimentally validated candidates. We analyzed both coding and noncoding regions, with the former corroborating the latter. We found regions particularly sensitive to mutations ("ultrasensitive") and variants that are disruptive because of mechanistic effects on transcription-factor binding (that is, " motif-breakers"). We also found variants in regions with higher network centrality tend to be deleterious. Insertions and deletions followed a similar pattern to single-nucleotide variants, with some notable exceptions …

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Quantum Random Walks With Multiphoton Interference And High-Order Correlation Functions, Bryan T. Gard, Robert M. Cross, Petr M. Anisimov, Hwang Lee, Jonathan P. Dowling Jan 2013

Quantum Random Walks With Multiphoton Interference And High-Order Correlation Functions, Bryan T. Gard, Robert M. Cross, Petr M. Anisimov, Hwang Lee, Jonathan P. Dowling

Faculty Publications

We show a simulation of quantum random walks (QRWs) with multiple photons using a staggered array of 50/50 beam splitters with a bank of detectors at any desired level. We discuss the multiphoton interference effects that are inherent to this setup, and introduce one, two, and threefold coincidence detection schemes. Feynman diagrams are used to intuitively explain the unique multiphoton interference effects of these QRWs. © 2013 Optical Society of America.

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Impact Of Obesity On Il-12 Family Gene Expression In Insulin Responsive Tissues, Heesun Nam, Bradley S. Ferguson, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Ron F. Morrison Jan 2013

Impact Of Obesity On Il-12 Family Gene Expression In Insulin Responsive Tissues, Heesun Nam, Bradley S. Ferguson, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Ron F. Morrison

Faculty Publications

Mounting evidence has established a role for chronic inflammation in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance, as genetic ablation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines elevated in obesity improves insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo. Recent evidence further highlights interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines as prospective inflammatory mediators linking obesity to insulin resistance. In this study, we present empirical evidence demonstrating that IL-12 family related genes are expressed and regulated in insulin-responsive tissues under conditions of obesity. First, we report that respective mRNAs for each of the known members of this cytokine family are expressed within detectable ranges in WAT, skeletal …

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Synthesis And Biological Investigations Of A Znpc-Anticea Bioconjugate For Imaging Of Colorectal Cancer, Inder Sehgal, Hairong Li, Benson Ongarora, Daniel Devillier, M. Graça H. Vicente Jan 2013

Synthesis And Biological Investigations Of A Znpc-Anticea Bioconjugate For Imaging Of Colorectal Cancer, Inder Sehgal, Hairong Li, Benson Ongarora, Daniel Devillier, M. Graça H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

Two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) were conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), using an in situ activated carboxylic acid on the ZnPcs. The bioconjugate with the highest ZnPc/MAb ratio of 3 was investigated in vitro for its ability to target and fluorescently label human colorectal HT-29 cells. The ZnPc-CEA MAb 2 was observed to efficiently target HT-29 cells, about 37 times more than unconjugated ZnPc. Furthermore, in the presence of a 4-fold excess of unlabelled anti-CEA antibody, the fluorescence signal of 2 was reduced by ∼90% showing that the targeting is CEA-mediated. These studies further confirm …

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Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Peptidomimetic Conjugate Of Bodipy Targeting Her2 Protein Extracellular Domain, Sashikanth Banappagari, Alecia Mccall, Krystal Fontenot, M. Graca H. Vicente, Amit Gujar, Seetharama Satyanarayanajois Jan 2013

Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Peptidomimetic Conjugate Of Bodipy Targeting Her2 Protein Extracellular Domain, Sashikanth Banappagari, Alecia Mccall, Krystal Fontenot, M. Graca H. Vicente, Amit Gujar, Seetharama Satyanarayanajois

Faculty Publications

Among the EGFRs, HER2 is a major heterodimer partner and also has important implications in the formation of particular tumors. Interaction of HER2 protein with other EGFR proteins can be modulated by small molecule ligands and, hence, these protein-protein interactions play a key role in biochemical reactions related to control of cell growth. A peptidomimetic (compound 5-1) that binds to HER2 protein extracellular domain and inhibits protein-protein interactions of EGFRs was conjugated with BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- s-indacene). Conjugation of BODIPY to the peptidomimetic was investigated by different approaches. The conjugate was characterized for its ability to bind to HER2 overexpressing SKBR-3 …

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Requirement Of Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 721 And 722 For Sustained Growth During Immune Responses In Arabidopsis., Hye Sup Yun, Mark Kwaaitaal, Naohiro Kato, Changhyun Yi, Sohyeon Park, Masa H. Sato, Paul Schulze-Lefert, Chian Kwon Jan 2013

Requirement Of Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 721 And 722 For Sustained Growth During Immune Responses In Arabidopsis., Hye Sup Yun, Mark Kwaaitaal, Naohiro Kato, Changhyun Yi, Sohyeon Park, Masa H. Sato, Paul Schulze-Lefert, Chian Kwon

Faculty Publications

Extracellular immune responses to ascomycete and oomycete pathogens in Arabidopsis are dependent on vesicle-associated secretion mediated by the SNARE proteins PEN1 syntaxin, SNAP33 and endomembrane-resident VAMP721/722. Continuous movement of functional GFP-VAMP722 to and from the plasma membrane in non-stimulated cells reflects the second proposed function of VAMP721/722 in constitutive secretion during plant growth and development. Application of the bacterium-derived elicitor flg22 stabilizes VAMP721/722 that are otherwise constitutively degraded via the 26S proteasome pathway. Depletion of VAMP721/722 levels by reducing VAMP721/722 gene dosage enhances flg22-induced seedling growth inhibition in spite of elevated VAMP721/722 abundance. We therefore propose that plants prioritize the …

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Alkane Hydroxylase Gene (Alkb) Phylotype Composition And Diversity In Northern Gulf Of Mexico Bacterioplankton, Conor B. Smith, Bradley B. Tolar, James T. Hollibaugh, Gary M. King Jan 2013

Alkane Hydroxylase Gene (Alkb) Phylotype Composition And Diversity In Northern Gulf Of Mexico Bacterioplankton, Conor B. Smith, Bradley B. Tolar, James T. Hollibaugh, Gary M. King

Faculty Publications

Natural and anthropogenic activities introduce alkanes into marine systems where they are degraded by alkane hydroxylases expressed by phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Partial sequences for alkB, one of the structural genes of alkane hydroxylase, have been used to assess the composition of alkane-degrading communities, and to determine their responses to hydrocarbon inputs. We present here the first spatially extensive analysis of alkB in bacterioplankton of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM), a region that experiences numerous hydrocarbon inputs. We have analyzed 401 partial alkB gene sequences amplified from genomic extracts collected during March 2010 from 17 water column samples that included …

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Fuel Composition Influences Fire Characteristics And Understorey Hardwoods In Pine Savanna, Darin P. Ellair, William J. Platt Jan 2013

Fuel Composition Influences Fire Characteristics And Understorey Hardwoods In Pine Savanna, Darin P. Ellair, William J. Platt

Faculty Publications

Fuels in the groundcover of frequently burned south-eastern pine savannas include shed leaves of trees. Flammable needles of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) potentially increase maximum fire temperatures and durations of heating, negatively affecting other trees within the groundcover. Less flammable leaves that accumulate around the bases of understorey stems of hardwood trees such as mockernut hickories (Carya alba) in the fall potentially depress maximum fire temperatures and durations of heating, enhancing post-fire recovery. We experimentally manipulated amounts of pine and hickory leaves beneath understorey hickory stems in a pine savanna, measured temperatures during prescribed fires and assessed combustion of fuels …

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Temporal Patterns Of Diversification Across Global Cichlid Biodiversity (Acanthomorpha: Cichlidae)., Caleb D. Mcmahan, Prosanta Chakrabarty, John S. Sparks, W. M.Leo Smith, Matthew P. Davis Jan 2013

Temporal Patterns Of Diversification Across Global Cichlid Biodiversity (Acanthomorpha: Cichlidae)., Caleb D. Mcmahan, Prosanta Chakrabarty, John S. Sparks, W. M.Leo Smith, Matthew P. Davis

Faculty Publications

The contrasting distribution of species diversity across the major lineages of cichlids makes them an ideal group for investigating macroevolutionary processes. In this study, we investigate whether different rates of diversification may explain the disparity in species richness across cichlid lineages globally. We present the most taxonomically robust time-calibrated hypothesis of cichlid evolutionary relationships to date. We then utilize this temporal framework to investigate whether both species-rich and depauperate lineages are associated with rapid shifts in diversification rates and if exceptional species richness can be explained by clade age alone. A single significant rapid rate shift increase is detected within …

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Sweetpotato Tip Rot Incidence Is Increased By Preharvest Applications Of Ethephon And Reduced By Curing, Ramón A. Arancibia, Jeffrey L. Main, Christopher A. Clark Jan 2013

Sweetpotato Tip Rot Incidence Is Increased By Preharvest Applications Of Ethephon And Reduced By Curing, Ramón A. Arancibia, Jeffrey L. Main, Christopher A. Clark

Faculty Publications

Tip rot, or restricted end rot, is a new sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) disease/disorder in Mississippi with unknown etiology. Since pathogen isolations have been inconsistent, a relationship of this disorder with stress is proposed. This disease/disorder is manifested as a restricted lesion at or close to the proximal end of the storage root and appears after 2 to 4 weeks in storage. In many cases, the lesion necrosis expands internally. On-farm and research station studies with preharvest foliar applications of ethephon were conducted in Mississippi to determine the potential association of tip rot with ethephon-induced stress. In addition, the effects of …

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Checklist Of Insects Associated With Salvinia Minima Baker In Louisiana, Usa, Katherine A. Parys, Matthew L. Gimmel, Seth J. Johnson Jan 2013

Checklist Of Insects Associated With Salvinia Minima Baker In Louisiana, Usa, Katherine A. Parys, Matthew L. Gimmel, Seth J. Johnson

Faculty Publications

This study presents a list of adult insects (excluding Diptera and Lepidoptera) collected from an infestation of an invasive aquatic weed, common salvinia (Salvinia minima Baker), in southern Louisiana, USA. Insects were sampled from May - November of 2009 and 2010 using floating pitfall traps. A total of 7,933 specimens were collected, representing seven orders, 70 families, and 235 species. Species of note include three currently undescribed species of Coleoptera, one previously undescribed braconid wasp, two new state records of Curculionidae, a new state generic record for the family Limnichidae, and a new record for the United States. © 2013 …

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Infection Structure-Specific Expression Of Β-1,3-Glucan Synthase Is Essential For Pathogenicity Of Colletotrichum Graminicola And Evasion Of Β-Glucan-Triggered Immunity In Maize, Ely Oliveira-Garcia, Holger B. Deising Jan 2013

Infection Structure-Specific Expression Of Β-1,3-Glucan Synthase Is Essential For Pathogenicity Of Colletotrichum Graminicola And Evasion Of Β-Glucan-Triggered Immunity In Maize, Ely Oliveira-Garcia, Holger B. Deising

Faculty Publications

β -1,3-Glucan and chitin are the most prominent polysaccharides of the fungal cell wall. Covalently linked, these polymers form a scaffold that determines the form and properties of vegetative and pathogenic hyphae. While the role of chitin in plant infection is well understood, the role of β-1,3-glucan is unknown. We functionally characterized the β -1,3-glucan synthase gene GLS1 of the maize (Zea mays) pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola, employing RNA interference (RNAi), GLS1 overexpression, live-cell imaging, and aniline blue fluorochrome staining. This hemibiotroph sequentially differentiates a melanized appressorium on the cuticle and biotrophic and necrotrophic hyphae in its host. Massive β-1,3-glucan contents …

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Race In Biological And Biomedical Research, Richard S. Cooper Jan 2013

Race In Biological And Biomedical Research, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

The concept of race has had a significant influence on research in human biology since the early 19th century. But race was given its meaning and social impact in the political sphere and subsequently intervened in science as a foreign concept, not grounded in the dominant empiricism of modern biology. The uses of race in sciencewere therefore often disruptive and controversial; at times, science had to be retrofitted to accommodate race, and science in turn was often used to explain and justify race. This relationship was unstable in large part because race was about a phenomenon that could not be …

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A Systematic Mapping Approach Of 16q12.2/Fto And Bmi In More Than 20,000 African Americans Narrows In On The Underlying Functional Variation: Results From The Population Architecture Using Genomics And Epidemiology (Page) Study, Ulrike Peters, Kari E. North, Praveen Sethupathy, Steve Buyske, Jeff Haessler, Shuo Jiao, Megan D. Fesinmeyer, Rebecca D. Jackson, Lew H. Kuller, Aleksandar Rajkovic, Unhee Lim, Iona Cheng, Fred Schumacher, Lynne Wilkens, Rongling Li, Keri Monda, Georg Ehret, Khanh Dung H. Nguyen, Richard Cooper, Cora E. Lewis, Mark Leppert, Marguerite R. Irvin, C. Charles Gu, Denise Houston, Petra Buzkova, Marylyn Ritchie, Tara C. Matise, Loic Le Marchand, Lucia A. Hindorff, Dana C. Crawford, Christopher A. Haiman, Charles Kooperberg Jan 2013

A Systematic Mapping Approach Of 16q12.2/Fto And Bmi In More Than 20,000 African Americans Narrows In On The Underlying Functional Variation: Results From The Population Architecture Using Genomics And Epidemiology (Page) Study, Ulrike Peters, Kari E. North, Praveen Sethupathy, Steve Buyske, Jeff Haessler, Shuo Jiao, Megan D. Fesinmeyer, Rebecca D. Jackson, Lew H. Kuller, Aleksandar Rajkovic, Unhee Lim, Iona Cheng, Fred Schumacher, Lynne Wilkens, Rongling Li, Keri Monda, Georg Ehret, Khanh Dung H. Nguyen, Richard Cooper, Cora E. Lewis, Mark Leppert, Marguerite R. Irvin, C. Charles Gu, Denise Houston, Petra Buzkova, Marylyn Ritchie, Tara C. Matise, Loic Le Marchand, Lucia A. Hindorff, Dana C. Crawford, Christopher A. Haiman, Charles Kooperberg

Faculty Publications

Genetic variants in intron 1 of the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been consistently associated with body mass index (BMI) in Europeans. However, follow-up studies in African Americans (AA) have shown no support for some of the most consistently BMI-associated FTO index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This is most likely explained by different race-specific linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and lower correlation overall in AA, which provides the opportunity to fine-map this region and narrow in on the functional variant. To comprehensively explore the 16q12.2/FTO locus and to search for second independent signals in the broader region, we fine-mapped …

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The Nigerian Antihypertensive Adherence Trial: A Community-Based Randomized Trial, Adebowale Adeyemo, Bamidele O. Tayo, Amy Luke, Olugbenga Ogedegbe, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Richard S. Cooper Jan 2013

The Nigerian Antihypertensive Adherence Trial: A Community-Based Randomized Trial, Adebowale Adeyemo, Bamidele O. Tayo, Amy Luke, Olugbenga Ogedegbe, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Background: Research in industrialized countries has demonstrated that a key factor limiting the control of hypertension is poor patient adherence and that the most successful interventions for long-term adherence employ multiple strategies. Very little data exist on this question in low-income countries, wherein medication-taking behavior may be less well developed. Method: We conducted a treatment adherence trial of 544 patients [mean age ∼63 years, mean blood pressure (BP) ∼168/92 mmHg] with previously untreated hypertension in urban and rural Nigeria. Eligible participants were randomized to one of two arms: clinic management only, or clinic management and home visits. Both interventions included …

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Chitin-Glucan Fiber Effects On Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein: A Randomized Controlled Trial, H. E. Bays, J. L. Evans, K. C. Maki, M. Evans, V. Maquet, R. Cooper, J. W. Anderson Jan 2013

Chitin-Glucan Fiber Effects On Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein: A Randomized Controlled Trial, H. E. Bays, J. L. Evans, K. C. Maki, M. Evans, V. Maquet, R. Cooper, J. W. Anderson

Faculty Publications

Background/objectives: Elevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) may promote inflammation, and is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease and worsening complications of diabetes mellitus. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chitin-glucan (CG), alone and in combination with a potentially anti-inflammatory olive oil (OO) extract, for reducing OxLDL in subjects with borderline to high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Subjects/methods: This 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a novel, insoluble fiber derived from the Aspergillus niger mycelium, CG, evaluated 130 subjects free of diabetes mellitus with fasting LDL-C 3.37-4.92 mmol/l and glucose ≤6.94 mmol/l. …

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Comparative Binding Of Cry1ab And Cry1f Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxins To Brush Border Membrane Proteins From Ostrinia Nubilalis, Ostrinia Furnacalis And Diatraea Saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Midgut Tissue, Sek Yee Tan, Bonifacio F. Cayabyab, Edwin P. Alcantara, Fangneng Huang, Kanglai He, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Blair D. Siegfried Jan 2013

Comparative Binding Of Cry1ab And Cry1f Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxins To Brush Border Membrane Proteins From Ostrinia Nubilalis, Ostrinia Furnacalis And Diatraea Saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Midgut Tissue, Sek Yee Tan, Bonifacio F. Cayabyab, Edwin P. Alcantara, Fangneng Huang, Kanglai He, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Blair D. Siegfried

Faculty Publications

The European (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) and Asian corn borers (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) are closely related and display similar sensitivity to Cry1 toxins. In this study, we compared the binding patterns of Cry1Ab and Cry1F toxins between both Ostrinia spp., as well as the expression of putative cadherinand aminopeptidase-N (APN)-like protein receptors. Additionally, cDNA sequences of these putative toxin receptors from both Ostrinia species were compared. Ligand blots for both species indicated a similar binding pattern for Cry1Ab with the strongest immunoreactive band at 260 kDa in both species. In addition, similar expression of the putative cadherin- and APN-like protein receptors …

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Staffan Müller-Wille And Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, A Cultural History Of Heredity, Charles H. Pence Jan 2013

Staffan Müller-Wille And Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, A Cultural History Of Heredity, Charles H. Pence

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Conservation Status Of The World's Reptiles, Monika Böhm, Ben Collen, Jonathan E.M. Baillie, Philip Bowles, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox, Geoffrey Hammerson, Michael Hoffmann, Suzanne R. Livingstone, Mala Ram, Anders G.J. Rhodin, Simon N. Stuart, Peter Paul Van Dijk, Bruce E. Young, Leticia E. Afuang, Aram Aghasyan, Andrés García, César Aguilar, Rastko Ajtic, Ferdi Akarsu, Laura R.V. Alencar, Allen Allison, Natalia Ananjeva, Steve Anderson, Claes Andrén, Daniel Ariano-Sánchez, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Mark Auliya, Christopher C. Austin, Aziz Avci, Patrick J. Baker, André F. Barreto-Lima, César L. Barrio-Amorós, Dhruvayothi Basu Jan 2013

The Conservation Status Of The World's Reptiles, Monika Böhm, Ben Collen, Jonathan E.M. Baillie, Philip Bowles, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox, Geoffrey Hammerson, Michael Hoffmann, Suzanne R. Livingstone, Mala Ram, Anders G.J. Rhodin, Simon N. Stuart, Peter Paul Van Dijk, Bruce E. Young, Leticia E. Afuang, Aram Aghasyan, Andrés García, César Aguilar, Rastko Ajtic, Ferdi Akarsu, Laura R.V. Alencar, Allen Allison, Natalia Ananjeva, Steve Anderson, Claes Andrén, Daniel Ariano-Sánchez, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Mark Auliya, Christopher C. Austin, Aziz Avci, Patrick J. Baker, André F. Barreto-Lima, César L. Barrio-Amorós, Dhruvayothi Basu

Faculty Publications

Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the …

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Multiple Envelope Stress Response Pathways Are Activated In An Escherichia Coli Strain With Mutations In Two Members Of The Deda Membrane Protein Family, Rakesh Sikdar, Angelica R. Simmons, William T. Doerrler Jan 2013

Multiple Envelope Stress Response Pathways Are Activated In An Escherichia Coli Strain With Mutations In Two Members Of The Deda Membrane Protein Family, Rakesh Sikdar, Angelica R. Simmons, William T. Doerrler

Faculty Publications

We have reported that simultaneous deletion of two Escherichia coli genes, yqjA and yghB, encoding related and conserved inner membrane proteins belonging to the DedA protein family results in a number of intriguing phenotypes, including temperature sensitivity at 42°C, altered membrane lipid composition, and cell division defects. We sought to characterize these and other phenotypes in an effort to establish a function for this protein family in E. coli. Here, using reporter assays, we show that the major envelope stress response pathways Cpx, Psp, Bae, and Rcs are activated in strain BC202 (W3110; yqjA yghB) at the permissive growth temperature …

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New Functions For The Ancient Deda Membrane Protein Family, William T. Doerrler, Rakesh Sikdar, Sujeet Kumar, Lisa A. Boughner Jan 2013

New Functions For The Ancient Deda Membrane Protein Family, William T. Doerrler, Rakesh Sikdar, Sujeet Kumar, Lisa A. Boughner

Faculty Publications

The DedA protein family is a highly conserved and ancient family of membrane proteins with representatives in most sequenced genomes, including those of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. The functions of the DedA family proteins remain obscure. However, recent genetic approaches have revealed important roles for certain bacterial DedA family members in membrane homeostasis. Bacterial DedA family mutants display such intriguing phenotypes as cell division defects, temperature sensitivity, altered membrane lipid composition, elevated envelope-related stress responses, and loss of proton motive force. The DedA family is also essential in at least two species of bacteria: Borrelia burgdorferi and Escherichia coli. Here, …

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Breeding Seasonality In Central Amazonian Rainforest Birds, Philip C. Stouffer, Erik I. Johnson, Richard O. Bierregaard Jan 2013

Breeding Seasonality In Central Amazonian Rainforest Birds, Philip C. Stouffer, Erik I. Johnson, Richard O. Bierregaard

Faculty Publications

Although it has long been recognized that many tropical birds do not share the same narrow breeding periods as temperate birds, conventional thinking considers tropical breeding seasons to be discrete periods generally governed by rainfall seasonality. We used a database of >31,000 captures of 104 species collected over 17 years in rainforest near Manaus, Brazil (2.5°S), to examine timing of breeding. The proportion of individuals with active incubation patches peaked at 7% in the dry season, from October through December. The peak was about twice as high as the lowest rate, in the late wet season (April-June). From 9 to …

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Recovery Of Understory Bird Movement Across The Interface Of Primary And Secondary Amazon Rainforest, Luke L. Powell, Philip C. Stouffer, Erik I. Johnson Jan 2013

Recovery Of Understory Bird Movement Across The Interface Of Primary And Secondary Amazon Rainforest, Luke L. Powell, Philip C. Stouffer, Erik I. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Amazonia now contains vast areas of secondary forest because of widespread regeneration following timber harvests, yet the value of secondary forest to wildlife remains poorly understood. Secondary forest becomes structurally similar to primary forest after abandonment, and therefore we predicted that avian movement across the interface of primary and secondary forest (hereafter "the interface") would gradually increase with time since abandonment until recovery to pre-isolation levels. From 1992 to 2011, we captured 2,773 understory birds of 10 foraging guilds along the interface of primary forest fragments and zero- to 30-year-old secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project …

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Effects Of Timber Harvesting With Best Management Practices On Ecosystem Metabolism Of A Low Gradient Stream On The United States Gulf Coastal Plain, Abram Dasilva, Y. Jun Xu, George Ice, John Beebe, Richard Stich Jan 2013

Effects Of Timber Harvesting With Best Management Practices On Ecosystem Metabolism Of A Low Gradient Stream On The United States Gulf Coastal Plain, Abram Dasilva, Y. Jun Xu, George Ice, John Beebe, Richard Stich

Faculty Publications

Stream metabolism can be used as a measure of freshwater ecosystem health because of its responsiveness to natural and anthropogenic changes. In this study, we used stream metabolic rates to test for the effects of a timber harvest with Louisiana's current best management practices (BMPs). The study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stand in north-central Louisiana, USA, 45 ha of which was clear cut harvested in the summer of 2007. Dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, and stream depth were recorded at a site upstream (serving as a reference) and a site downstream of …

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Transport And Retention Of Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Carbon In North America's Largest River Swamp Basin, The Atchafalaya River Basin, Y. Jun Xu Jan 2013

Transport And Retention Of Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Carbon In North America's Largest River Swamp Basin, The Atchafalaya River Basin, Y. Jun Xu

Faculty Publications

Floodplains and river corridor wetlands may be effectively managed for reducing nutrients and carbon. However, our understanding is limited to the reduction potential of these natural riverine systems. This study utilized the long-term (1978-2004) river discharge and water quality records from an upriver and a downriver location of the Atchafalaya River to quantify the inflow, outflow, and inflow-outflow mass balance of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN = organic nitrogen + ammonia nitrogen), nitrate + nitrite nitrogen (NO3 + NO2), total phosphorous (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC) through the largest river swamp basin in North America. The study found that, over …

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Influence Of Irrigation Water Discharge Frequency On Soil Salt Removal And Rice Yield In A Semi-Arid And Saline-Sodic Area, Yueqing Chen, Guangxin Zhang, Y. Jun Xu, Zhigang Huang Jan 2013

Influence Of Irrigation Water Discharge Frequency On Soil Salt Removal And Rice Yield In A Semi-Arid And Saline-Sodic Area, Yueqing Chen, Guangxin Zhang, Y. Jun Xu, Zhigang Huang

Faculty Publications

Irrigation practice for rice culture can be especially challenging in areas with limited water supply and soil salinization. In this study, we carried out a field experiment to assess the effects of different water discharge frequencies on soil salt content, rice yield and water use efficiency on a saline-sodic soil in a semi-arid region of Northeast China. The experiment comprised of three frequency levels of discharge [9-time (I-9-30), 6-time (I-6-30) and 3-time (I-3-30) discharge, all followed with a 30-mm irrigation] in comparison with the traditional irrigation practice of 2-time discharge followed with an 80-mm irrigation (I-2-80). Our initial hypothesis was …

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Nitrogen Uptake And Utilization Efficiency And Enzymatic Activity In Maize Genotypes, Lucimar Rodrigues De Oliveira, Glauco Vieira Miranda, Rodrigo Oliveira Delima, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, João Carlos Cardoso Galvão Jan 2013

Nitrogen Uptake And Utilization Efficiency And Enzymatic Activity In Maize Genotypes, Lucimar Rodrigues De Oliveira, Glauco Vieira Miranda, Rodrigo Oliveira Delima, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, João Carlos Cardoso Galvão

Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to investigate the employment of components of the nitrogen efficiency use (NUE), and of the activities of the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase enzymes in the selection of nitrogen use efficient maize genotypes of maize. Ten maize genotypes at V4 stage were evaluated under high and low N. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 10 factorial (two levels of N and ten maize genotypes), in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The following traits were evaluated: N uptake efficiency (NUpE), N utilizationefficiency (NUtE) and N use efficiency (NUE), and activities of …

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Insulin Receptor-Independent Upregulation Of Cellular Glucose Uptake, R. Krishnapuram, H. Kirk-Ballard, E. J. Dhurandhar, O. Dubuisson, V. Messier, R. Rabasa-Lhoret, V. Hegde, S. Aggarwal, N. V. Dhurandhar Jan 2013

Insulin Receptor-Independent Upregulation Of Cellular Glucose Uptake, R. Krishnapuram, H. Kirk-Ballard, E. J. Dhurandhar, O. Dubuisson, V. Messier, R. Rabasa-Lhoret, V. Hegde, S. Aggarwal, N. V. Dhurandhar

Faculty Publications

Background:Cellular glucose uptake can be enhanced by upregulating Ras signaling in either insulin-dependent or -independent manner. In presence of insulin and intact insulin signaling, Ras has a negligible role in glucose uptake. Conversely, when insulin signaling is impaired in obesity or diabetes, the insulin-independent Ras pathway may be valuable for enhancing glucose disposal. We previously reported that Ad36, a human adenovirus, enhances cellular glucose uptake by upregulating the Ras/Glut4 pathway. Here, we investigated if Ad36-upregulated Ras via the insulin-independent pathway, to enhance glucose uptake. Furthermore, uncontrolled upregulation of Ras is linked with oncogenic cell transformation, if the tumor-suppressor gene p53 …

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Molecular Characterization Of Two Evolutionarily Distinct Endornaviruses Co-Infecting Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris), Ryo Okada, Chee Keat Yong, Rodrigo A. Valverde, Sead Sabanadzovic, Nanako Aoki, Shunsuke Hotate, Eri Kiyota, Hiromitsu Moriyama, Toshiyuki Fukuhara Jan 2013

Molecular Characterization Of Two Evolutionarily Distinct Endornaviruses Co-Infecting Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris), Ryo Okada, Chee Keat Yong, Rodrigo A. Valverde, Sead Sabanadzovic, Nanako Aoki, Shunsuke Hotate, Eri Kiyota, Hiromitsu Moriyama, Toshiyuki Fukuhara

Faculty Publications

Two high-molecular-mass dsRNAs of approximately 14 and 15 kbp were isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivar Black Turtle Soup. These dsRNAs did not appear to cause obvious disease symptoms, and were transmitted through seeds at nearly 100% efficiency. Sequence information indicates that they are the genomes of distinct endornavirus species, for which the names Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1 (PvEV-1) and Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 2 (PvEV-2) are proposed. The PvEV-1 genome consists of 13 908 bp and potentially encodes a single polyprotein of 4496 aa, while that of PvEV-2 consists of 14 820 bp and potentially encodes a single …

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