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Tnf-Alpha Neutralizing Antibody Blocks Thermal Sensitivity Induced By Compound 48/80-Provoked Mast Cell Degranulation, Devavani Chatterjea, Luisa Paredes, Tijana Martinov, Evelyn Balsells, Juliann Allen, Akilah Sykes, Alyssa Ashbaugh Sep 2013

Tnf-Alpha Neutralizing Antibody Blocks Thermal Sensitivity Induced By Compound 48/80-Provoked Mast Cell Degranulation, Devavani Chatterjea, Luisa Paredes, Tijana Martinov, Evelyn Balsells, Juliann Allen, Akilah Sykes, Alyssa Ashbaugh

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:
Neuro-inflammatory circuits in the tissue regulate the complex pathophysiology of pain. Protective nociceptive pain serves as an early warning system against noxious environmental stimuli. Tissue-resident mast cells orchestrate the increased thermal sensitivity following injection of basic secretagogue compound 48/80 in the hind paw tissues of ND4 mice. Here we investigated the effects of pre-treatment with TNF-α neutralizing antibody on compound 48/80-provoked thermal hyperalgesia.

METHODS:
We treated ND4 Swiss male mice with intravenous anti-TNF-α antibody or vehicle 30 minutes prior to bilateral, intra-plantar compound 48/80 administration and measured changes in the timing of hind paw withdrawal observed subsequent to mice …

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The Size Of A Melanin-Based Plumage Ornament Correlates With Glucocorticoid Receptor Concentrations In The Skin Of That Ornament, Christine R. Lattin, L. Michael Romero Sep 2013

The Size Of A Melanin-Based Plumage Ornament Correlates With Glucocorticoid Receptor Concentrations In The Skin Of That Ornament, Christine R. Lattin, L. Michael Romero

Faculty Publications

© 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Glucocorticoid hormones such as corticosterone (CORT) play crucial roles in many physiological processes. CORT's actions are primarily mediated via binding to two receptors (glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs)) in different target tissues. CORT receptors can be independently regulated from circulating hormone titres, from tissue to tissue and even within different regions of the same tissue type. Increasing evidence has shown relationships between circulating CORT and melaninbased pigmentation in skin and feathers, yet to our knowledge, there have been no studies of CORT receptors in the skin …

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A New Hero Emerges: Another Exceptional Mammalian Spine And Its Potential Adaptive Significance, William T. Stanley, Lynn W. Robbins, Jean M. Malekani, Sylvestre Gambalemoke Mbalitini, Dudu Akaibe Migurimu, Jean Claude Mukinzi, Jan Hulselmans, Vanya Prévot, Erik Verheyen, Rainer Hutterer, Jeffrey B. Doty, Benjamin P. Monroe, Yoshinori J. Nakazawa, Zachary Braden, Darin Carroll, Julian C.Kerbis Peterhans, John M. Bates, Jacob A. Esselstyn Sep 2013

A New Hero Emerges: Another Exceptional Mammalian Spine And Its Potential Adaptive Significance, William T. Stanley, Lynn W. Robbins, Jean M. Malekani, Sylvestre Gambalemoke Mbalitini, Dudu Akaibe Migurimu, Jean Claude Mukinzi, Jan Hulselmans, Vanya Prévot, Erik Verheyen, Rainer Hutterer, Jeffrey B. Doty, Benjamin P. Monroe, Yoshinori J. Nakazawa, Zachary Braden, Darin Carroll, Julian C.Kerbis Peterhans, John M. Bates, Jacob A. Esselstyn

Faculty Publications

The hero shrew's (Scutisorex somereni) massive interlocking lumbar vertebrae represent the most extreme modification of the vertebral column known in mammals. No intermediate form of this remarkable morphology is known, nor is there any convincing theory to explain its functional significance. We document a new species in the heretofore monotypic genus Scutisorex; the new species possesses cranial and vertebral features representing intermediate character states between S. somereni and other shrews. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences support a sister relationship between the new species and S. somereni. While the function of the unusual spine in Scutisorex is unknown, it gives these …

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Parental Height And Child Growth From Birth To 2 Years In The Who Multicentre Growth Reference Study, Cutberto Garza, Elaine Borghi, Adelheid W. Onyango, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Sep 2013

Parental Height And Child Growth From Birth To 2 Years In The Who Multicentre Growth Reference Study, Cutberto Garza, Elaine Borghi, Adelheid W. Onyango, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

inear growth from birth to 2 years of children enrolled in the World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study was similar despite substantial parental height differences among the six study sites. Within-site variability in child length attributable to parental height was estimated by repeated measures analysis of variance using generalized linear models. This approach was also used to examine relationships among selected traits (e.g. breastfeeding duration and child morbidity) and linear growth between 6 and 24 months of age. Differences in intergenerational adult heights were evaluated within sites by comparing mid-parental heights (average of the mother's and father's heights) to …

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Ascaroside Activity In Caenorhabditis Elegans Is Highly Dependent On Chemical Structure, Kyle A. Hollister, Elizabeth S. Conner, Xinxing Zhang, Mark Spell, Gary M. Bernard, Pratik Patel, Ana Carolina G.V. De Carvalho, Rebecca A. Butcher, Justin R. Ragains Sep 2013

Ascaroside Activity In Caenorhabditis Elegans Is Highly Dependent On Chemical Structure, Kyle A. Hollister, Elizabeth S. Conner, Xinxing Zhang, Mark Spell, Gary M. Bernard, Pratik Patel, Ana Carolina G.V. De Carvalho, Rebecca A. Butcher, Justin R. Ragains

Faculty Publications

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans secretes ascarosides, structurally diverse derivatives of the 3,6-dideoxysugar ascarylose, and uses them in chemical communication. At high population densities, specific ascarosides, which are together known as the dauer pheromone, trigger entry into the stress-resistant dauer larval stage. In order to study the structure-activity relationships for the ascarosides, we synthesized a panel of ascarosides and tested them for dauer-inducing activity. This panel includes a number of natural ascarosides that were detected in crude pheromone extract, but as yet have no assigned function, as well as many unnatural ascaroside derivatives. Most of these ascarosides, some of which have …

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Spectroscopic, Computational Modeling And Cytotoxicity Of A Series Of Meso-Phenyl And Meso-Thienyl-Bodipys, Jaime H. Gibbs, Larry T. Robins, Zehua Zhou, Petia Bobadova-Parvanova, Michael Cottam, Gregory T. Mccandless, Frank R. Fronczek, M. Graça H. Vicente Sep 2013

Spectroscopic, Computational Modeling And Cytotoxicity Of A Series Of Meso-Phenyl And Meso-Thienyl-Bodipys, Jaime H. Gibbs, Larry T. Robins, Zehua Zhou, Petia Bobadova-Parvanova, Michael Cottam, Gregory T. Mccandless, Frank R. Fronczek, M. Graça H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

A series of twenty-two BODIPY compounds were synthesized, containing various meso-phenyl and meso-thienyl groups, and their spectroscopic and structural properties were investigated using both experimental and computational methods. Further functionalization of the BODIPY framework via iodination at the 2,6-pyrrolic positions was explored in order to determine the effect of these heavy atoms on the photophysical and cytotoxicity of the meso-aryl-BODIPYs. BODIPYs bearing meso-thienyl substituents showed the largest red-shifted absorptions and emissions and reduced fluorescence quantum yields. The phototoxicity of the BODIPYs in human carcinoma HEp2 cells depends on both the presence of iodines and the nature of the meso-aryl groups. …

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Physical Clustering Of Flc Alleles During Polycomb-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing In Vernalization, Stefanie Rosa, Filomena De Lucia, Joshua S. Mylne, Danling Zhu, Nobuko Ohmido, Ali Pendle, Naohiro Kato, Peter Shaw, Caroline Dean Sep 2013

Physical Clustering Of Flc Alleles During Polycomb-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing In Vernalization, Stefanie Rosa, Filomena De Lucia, Joshua S. Mylne, Danling Zhu, Nobuko Ohmido, Ali Pendle, Naohiro Kato, Peter Shaw, Caroline Dean

Faculty Publications

Vernalization, the promotion of flowering by cold, involves Polycomb-mediated epigenetic silencing of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Cold progressively promotes cell-autonomous switching to a silenced state. Here, we used live-cell imaging of FLC-lacO to monitor changes in nuclear organization during vernalization. FLC-lacO alleles physically cluster during the cold and generally remain so after plants are returned to warm. Clustering is dependent on the Polycomb trans-factors necessary for establishment of the FLC silenced state but not on LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1, which functions to maintain silencing. These data support the view that physical clustering may be a common feature of Polycomb-mediated epigenetic …

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Unleashing The Power Of Meta-Threading For Evolution/Structure-Based Function Inference Of Proteins, Michal Brylinski Sep 2013

Unleashing The Power Of Meta-Threading For Evolution/Structure-Based Function Inference Of Proteins, Michal Brylinski

Faculty Publications

Protein threading is widely used in the prediction of protein structure and the subsequent functional annotation. Most threading approaches employ similar criteria for the template identification for use in both protein structure and function modeling. Using structure similarity alone might result in a high false positive rate in protein function inference, which suggests that selecting functional templates should be subject to a different set of constraints. In this study, we extend the functionality of eThread, a recently developed approach to meta-threading, focusing on the optimal selection of functional templates. We optimized the selection of template proteins to cover a broad …

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Identification Of An Evolutionarily Conserved Cis-Regulatory Element Controlling The Peg3 Imprinted Domain, Michelle M. Thiaville, Hana Kim, Wesley D. Frey, Joomyeong Kim Sep 2013

Identification Of An Evolutionarily Conserved Cis-Regulatory Element Controlling The Peg3 Imprinted Domain, Michelle M. Thiaville, Hana Kim, Wesley D. Frey, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

The mammalian Peg3 domain harbors more than 20 evolutionarily conserved regions (ECRs) that are spread over the 250-kb genomic interval. The majority of these ECRs are marked with two histone modifications, H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, suggesting potential roles as distant regulatory elements for the transcription of the nearby imprinted genes. In the current study, the chromatin conformation capture (3C) method was utilized to detect potential interactions of these ECRs with the imprinted genes. According to the results, one region, ECR18, located 200-kb upstream of Peg3 interacts with the two promoter regions of Peg3 and Zim2. The observed interaction is most prominent …

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A Review Of Vaccine Approaches For West Nile Virus, Arun V. Iyer, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Sep 2013

A Review Of Vaccine Approaches For West Nile Virus, Arun V. Iyer, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

The West Nile virus (WNC) first appeared in North America in 1999. The North American lineages of WNV were characterized by the presence of neuroinvasive and neurovirulent strains causing disease and death in humans, birds and horses. The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). In addition, the …

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Induced Plant Defenses, Host-Pathogen Interactions, And Forest Insect Outbreaks, Bret D. Elderd, Brian J. Rehill, Kyle J. Haynes, Greg Dwyer Sep 2013

Induced Plant Defenses, Host-Pathogen Interactions, And Forest Insect Outbreaks, Bret D. Elderd, Brian J. Rehill, Kyle J. Haynes, Greg Dwyer

Faculty Publications

Cyclic outbreaks of defoliating insects devastate forests, but their causes are poorly understood. Outbreak cycles are often assumed to be driven by density-dependent mortality due to natural enemies, because pathogens and predators cause high mortality and because natural-enemy models reproduce fluctuations in defoliation data. The role of induced defenses is in contrast often dismissed, because toxic effects of defenses are often weak and because induced-defense models explain defoliation data no better than naturalenemy models. Natural-enemy models, however, fail to explain gypsy moth outbreaks in North America, in which outbreaks in forests with a higher percentage of oaks have alternated between …

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Dynamic Edge Effects In Small Mammal Communities Across A Conservation-Agricultural Interface In Swaziland, Zachary M. Hurst, Robert A. Mccleery, Bret A. Collier, Robert J. Fletcher, Nova J. Silvy, Peter J. Taylor, Ara Monadjem Sep 2013

Dynamic Edge Effects In Small Mammal Communities Across A Conservation-Agricultural Interface In Swaziland, Zachary M. Hurst, Robert A. Mccleery, Bret A. Collier, Robert J. Fletcher, Nova J. Silvy, Peter J. Taylor, Ara Monadjem

Faculty Publications

Across the planet, high-intensity farming has transformed native vegetation into monocultures, decreasing biodiversity on a landscape scale. Yet landscape-scale changes to biodiversity and community structure often emerge from processes operating at local scales. One common process that can explain changes in biodiversity and community structure is the creation of abrupt habitat edges, which, in turn, generate edge effects. Such effects, while incredibly common, can be highly variable across space and time; however, we currently lack a general analytical framework that can adequately capture such spatio-temporal variability. We extend previous approaches for estimating edge effects to a non-linear mixed modeling framework …

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A Course Grain Model For Protein-Surface Interactions, Shuai Wei, Thomas A. Knotts Iv Sep 2013

A Course Grain Model For Protein-Surface Interactions, Shuai Wei, Thomas A. Knotts Iv

Faculty Publications

The interaction of proteins with surfaces is important in numerous applications in many fields—such as biotechnology, proteomics, sensors, and medicine—but fundamental understanding of how protein stability and structure are affected by surfaces remains incomplete. Over the last several years, molecular simulation using coarse grain models has yielded significant insights, but the formalisms used to represent the surface interactions have been rudimentary. We present a new model for protein surface interactions that incorporates the chemical specificity of both the surface and the residues comprising the protein in the context of a one-bead-per-residue, coarse grain approach that maintains computational efficiency. The model …

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Benchmark Measurements And Simulations Of Dose Perturbations Due To Metallic Spheres In Proton Beams, Wayne D. Newhauser, Laura Rechner, Dragan Mirkovic, Pablo Yepes, Nicholas C. Koch, Uwe Titt, Jonas D. Fontenot, Rui Zhang Sep 2013

Benchmark Measurements And Simulations Of Dose Perturbations Due To Metallic Spheres In Proton Beams, Wayne D. Newhauser, Laura Rechner, Dragan Mirkovic, Pablo Yepes, Nicholas C. Koch, Uwe Titt, Jonas D. Fontenot, Rui Zhang

Faculty Publications

Monte Carlo simulations are increasingly used for dose calculations in proton therapy due to its inherent accuracy. However, dosimetric deviations have been found using Monte Carlo code when high density materials are present in the proton beamline. The purpose of this work was to quantify the magnitude of dose perturbation caused by metal objects. We did this by comparing measurements and Monte Carlo predictions of dose perturbations caused by the presence of small metal spheres in several clinical proton therapy beams as functions of proton beam range and drift space. Monte Carlo codes MCNPX, GEANT4 and Fast Dose Calculator (FDC) …

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Scientific Teaching Targeting Faculty From Diverse Institutions, Christopher S. Gregg, Jo Dale Ales, Steven M. Pomarico, E. William Wischusen, Joseph F. Siebenaller Sep 2013

Scientific Teaching Targeting Faculty From Diverse Institutions, Christopher S. Gregg, Jo Dale Ales, Steven M. Pomarico, E. William Wischusen, Joseph F. Siebenaller

Faculty Publications

We offered four annual professional development workshops called STAR (for Scientific Teaching, Assessment, and Resources) modeled after the National Academies Summer Institute (SI) on Undergraduate Education in Biology. In contrast to the SI focus on training faculty from research universities, STAR's target was faculty from community colleges, 2-yr campuses, and public and private research universities. Because of the importance of community colleges and 2-yr institutions as entries to higher education, we wanted to determine whether the SI model can be successfully extended to this broader range of institutions. We surveyed the four cohorts; 47 STAR alumni responded to the online …

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Naringenin Inhibits Adipogenesis And Reduces Insulin Sensitivity And Adiponectin Expression In Adipocytes, Allison J. Richard, Zhaleh Amini-Vaughan, David M. Ribnicky, Jacqueline M. Stephens Sep 2013

Naringenin Inhibits Adipogenesis And Reduces Insulin Sensitivity And Adiponectin Expression In Adipocytes, Allison J. Richard, Zhaleh Amini-Vaughan, David M. Ribnicky, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

Adipose tissue development and function are widely studied to examine the relationship between obesity and the metabolic syndrome. It is well documented that the inability of adipose tissue to properly increase its lipid storage capacity during the obese state can lead to metabolic dysfunction. In a blind screen of 425 botanicals, we identified naringenin as an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation. Naringenin is one of the most abundant citrus flavonoids, and recent studies have demonstrated antihyperlipidemic capabilities. These studies have largely focused on the effects of naringenin on the liver. Our biochemical studies clearly demonstrate that naringenin inhibits adipogenesis and impairs …

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Dynamic Model Constraints On Oxygen-17 Depletion In Atmospheric O 2 After A Snowball Earth, Xiaobin Cao, Huiming Bao Sep 2013

Dynamic Model Constraints On Oxygen-17 Depletion In Atmospheric O 2 After A Snowball Earth, Xiaobin Cao, Huiming Bao

Faculty Publications

A large perturbation in atmospheric CO2 and O2 or bioproductivity will result in a drastic pulse of 17O change in atmospheric O2, as seen in the Marinoan Oxygen-17 Depletion (MOSD) event in the immediate aftermath of a global deglaciation 635 Mya. The exact nature of the perturbation, however, is debated. Here we constructed a coupled, four-box, and quick-response biosphere-atmosphere model to examine both the steady state and dynamics of the MOSD event. Our model shows that the ultra-high CO2 concentrations proposed by the "snowball' Earth hypothesis produce a typical MOSD duration of less than 106 y and a magnitude of …

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Dynamic Model Constraints On Oxygen-17 Depletion In Atmospheric O 2 After A Snowball Earth, Xiaobin Cao, Huiming Bao Sep 2013

Dynamic Model Constraints On Oxygen-17 Depletion In Atmospheric O 2 After A Snowball Earth, Xiaobin Cao, Huiming Bao

Faculty Publications

A large perturbation in atmospheric CO2 and O2 or bioproductivity will result in a drastic pulse of 17O change in atmospheric O2, as seen in the Marinoan Oxygen-17 Depletion (MOSD) event in the immediate aftermath of a global deglaciation 635 Mya. The exact nature of the perturbation, however, is debated. Here we constructed a coupled, four-box, and quick-response biosphere-atmosphere model to examine both the steady state and dynamics of the MOSD event. Our model shows that the ultra-high CO2 concentrations proposed by the "snowball' Earth hypothesis produce a typical MOSD duration of less than 106 y and a magnitude of …

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Field And Lab Conditions Alter Microbial Enzyme And Biomass Dynamics Driving Decomposition Of The Same Leaf Litter, Zachary L. Rinkes, Robert L. Sinsabaugh, Daryl L. Moorhead, A. Stuart Grandy, Michael N. Weintraub Sep 2013

Field And Lab Conditions Alter Microbial Enzyme And Biomass Dynamics Driving Decomposition Of The Same Leaf Litter, Zachary L. Rinkes, Robert L. Sinsabaugh, Daryl L. Moorhead, A. Stuart Grandy, Michael N. Weintraub

Faculty Publications

Fluctuations in climate and edaphic factors influence field decomposition rates and preclude a complete understanding of how microbial communities respond to plant litter quality. In contrast, laboratory microcosms isolate the intrinsic effects of litter chemistry and microbial community from extrinsic effects of environmental variation. Used together, these paired approaches provide mechanistic insights to decomposition processes. In order to elucidate the microbial mechanisms underlying how environmental conditions alter the trajectory of decay, we characterized microbial biomass, respiration, enzyme activities, and nutrient dynamics during early (<10% mass loss), mid- (10–40% mass loss), and late (>40% mass loss) decay in parallel field and laboratory litter bag incubations for deciduous tree litters …

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Multitargeting By Turmeric, The Golden Spice: From Kitchen To Clinic (Abstract), Subash C. Gupta, Bokyung Sung, Ji Hye Kim, Sahdeo Prasad, Shiyou Li, Bharat Aggarwal Sep 2013

Multitargeting By Turmeric, The Golden Spice: From Kitchen To Clinic (Abstract), Subash C. Gupta, Bokyung Sung, Ji Hye Kim, Sahdeo Prasad, Shiyou Li, Bharat Aggarwal

Faculty Publications

Abstract attached

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On The Primitives Of Causality: From The Semantics Of Agonist And Antagonist To Models Of Accident Causation And System Safety, Loïc Brevault, Francesca Favaro, Joseph Saleh Sep 2013

On The Primitives Of Causality: From The Semantics Of Agonist And Antagonist To Models Of Accident Causation And System Safety, Loïc Brevault, Francesca Favaro, Joseph Saleh

Faculty Publications

Controversial discussions on causality have been present in ancient philosophy since the days of Aristotle. Despite the use of this concept in numerous subjects, there is no consensus on the definition of causality and its possible mathematization. Many authors have analyzed the relation between causes and effects; the predominant school of thought reduces causation to a physical relation (either deterministic or probabilistic) between two events. The distinction between causes and consequences is not always clear and meaningful as different “layers of understanding” may be applied to the notion of causality. From this point of view the cause-effect implication relation can …

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The Importance Of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra) In The Nitrogen Cycle Of Coastal Ecosystems, Anne E. Giblin, Craig R. Tobias, Bongkeun Song, Nathaniel Weston, Gary T. Banta, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy Sep 2013

The Importance Of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra) In The Nitrogen Cycle Of Coastal Ecosystems, Anne E. Giblin, Craig R. Tobias, Bongkeun Song, Nathaniel Weston, Gary T. Banta, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy

Faculty Publications

Until recently, it was believed that biological assimilation and gaseous nitrogen (N) loss through denitrification were the two major fates of nitrate entering or produced within most coastal ecosystems. Denitrification is often viewed as an important ecosystem service that removes reactive N from the ecosystem. However, there is a competing nitrate reduction process, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), that conserves N within the ecosystem. The recent application of nitrogen stable isotopes as tracers has generated growing evidence that DNRA is a major nitrogen pathway that cannot be ignored. Measurements comparing the importance of denitrification vs. DNRA in 55 coastal …

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Integrated Carbon Budget Models For The Everglades Terrestrial-Coastal-Oceanic Gradient: Current Status And Needs For Inter-Site Comparisons, Tiffany G. Troxler, Evelyn Gaiser, Jordan Barr, Jose D. Fuentes, Rudolf Jaffé, Daniel L. Childers, Ligia Colado-Vides, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Edward Castañeda-Moya, William Anderson, Randy Chambers, Meilian Chen, Carlos Coronado-Molina, Stephen E. Davis, Victor Engel, Carl Fitz, James Fourqurean, Tom Frankovich, John Kominoski, Chris Madden, Sparkle L. Malone, Steve F. Oberbauer, Paulo Olivas, Jennifer Richards, Colin Saunders, Jessica Schedlbauer, Leonard J. Scinto, Fred Sklar, Tom Smith, Joseph M. Smoak, Gregory Starr, Robert R. Twilley, Kevin Whelan Sep 2013

Integrated Carbon Budget Models For The Everglades Terrestrial-Coastal-Oceanic Gradient: Current Status And Needs For Inter-Site Comparisons, Tiffany G. Troxler, Evelyn Gaiser, Jordan Barr, Jose D. Fuentes, Rudolf Jaffé, Daniel L. Childers, Ligia Colado-Vides, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Edward Castañeda-Moya, William Anderson, Randy Chambers, Meilian Chen, Carlos Coronado-Molina, Stephen E. Davis, Victor Engel, Carl Fitz, James Fourqurean, Tom Frankovich, John Kominoski, Chris Madden, Sparkle L. Malone, Steve F. Oberbauer, Paulo Olivas, Jennifer Richards, Colin Saunders, Jessica Schedlbauer, Leonard J. Scinto, Fred Sklar, Tom Smith, Joseph M. Smoak, Gregory Starr, Robert R. Twilley, Kevin Whelan

Faculty Publications

Recent studies suggest that coastal ecosystems can bury significantly more C than tropical forests, indicating that continued coastal development and exposure to sea level rise and storms will have global biogeochemical consequences. The Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE LTER) site provides an excellent subtropical system for examining carbon (C) balance because of its exposure to historical changes in freshwater distribution and sea level rise and its history of significant long-term carbon-cycling studies. FCE LTER scientists used net ecosystem C balance and net ecosystem exchange data to estimate C budgets for riverine mangrove, freshwater marsh, and seagrass meadows, …

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Action Threshold Treatment Regimens For Red Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) And Tomato Fruitworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Tomato, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Khanobporn Tangtrakulwanich Sep 2013

Action Threshold Treatment Regimens For Red Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) And Tomato Fruitworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Tomato, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Khanobporn Tangtrakulwanich

Faculty Publications

The tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is the foremost pest of tomato in the Mariana Islands. Similarly, the red spider mite, Tetranychus marianae McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a chief pest of vegetables particularly on tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae). However, the infestations by T. marianae are heavy during the early stages of crop growth, while infestations of H. armigera become prominent at later stages. Because no threshold levels are available for these pests, many growers apply up to 15 chemical applications per tomato cropping period. To reduce the regular spray schedules chemical applications and to prevent damage to …

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Susceptibility Of Field Populations Of The Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Florida And Puerto Rico To Purified Cry1f Protein And Corn Leaf Tissue Containing Single And Pyramided Bt Genes, Ying Niu, Robert L. Meagher, Fei Yang, Fangneng Huang Sep 2013

Susceptibility Of Field Populations Of The Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Florida And Puerto Rico To Purified Cry1f Protein And Corn Leaf Tissue Containing Single And Pyramided Bt Genes, Ying Niu, Robert L. Meagher, Fei Yang, Fangneng Huang

Faculty Publications

Larval survival of Cry1F-susceptible (FL),-resistant (PR and Cry1F-RR), and-heterozygous (FL x PR and Cry1F-RS) populations of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) to purified Cry1F protein and corn leaf tissue of 7 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn hybrids and 5 non-Bt corn hybrids was evaluated in the laboratory. The 7 Bt corn hybrids represent 5 Bt corn traits: Herculex®I, which expresses a single Bt protein (Cry1F), and Genuity® VT Double Pro™, VT Triple Pro™, SmartStax™, and Agrisure® Viptera ® 3111, which contain ≥ 2 pyramided Bt genes. The original FL and PR populations were collected from corn fields in …

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Susceptibility Of Louisiana And Florida Populations Of Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) To Pyramided Bt Corn Containing Genuity®Vt Double Pro™ And Smartstax™ Traits, Fei Yang, Jawwad A. Qureshi, B. Rogers Leonard, Graham P. Head, Ying Niu, Fangneng Huang Sep 2013

Susceptibility Of Louisiana And Florida Populations Of Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) To Pyramided Bt Corn Containing Genuity®Vt Double Pro™ And Smartstax™ Traits, Fei Yang, Jawwad A. Qureshi, B. Rogers Leonard, Graham P. Head, Ying Niu, Fangneng Huang

Faculty Publications

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a target species of transgenic corn containing pyramided Bt genes in the United States. During 2011, a total of 149 F2 two-parental family lines were established using single-pairing of S. frugiperda collected from 3 locations in Louisiana and Florida. This study examined the susceptibility of these F2 two-parental family lines to 2 commonly used pyramided Bt corn traits, Genuity®VT Double Pro™ and Genuity®SmartStax ™. Nine out of the 149 family lines showed less susceptibility to the leaf tissue of Genuity®VT Double Pro™ or Genuity®SmartStax plants. Larvae of these 9 family lines …

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Penetration Of Uv-Visible Solar Radiation In The Global Oceans: Insights From Ocean Color Remote Sensing, Zhongping Lee, Chuanmin Hu, Shaoling Shang, Keping Du, Marlon Lewis, Robert Arnone, Robert Brewin Sep 2013

Penetration Of Uv-Visible Solar Radiation In The Global Oceans: Insights From Ocean Color Remote Sensing, Zhongping Lee, Chuanmin Hu, Shaoling Shang, Keping Du, Marlon Lewis, Robert Arnone, Robert Brewin

Faculty Publications

Penetration of solar radiation in the ocean is determined by the attenuation coefficient (K-d()). Following radiative transfer theory, K-d is a function of angular distribution of incident light and water's absorption and backscattering coefficients. Because these optical products are now generated routinely from satellite measurements, it is logical to evolve the empirical K-d to a semianalytical K-d that is not only spectrally flexible, but also the sun-angle effect is accounted for explicitly. Here, the semianalytical model developed in Lee et al. (2005b) is revised to account for the shift of phase function between molecular and particulate scattering from the short …

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Molecular Characterization Of Tick Salivary Gland Glutaminyl Cyclase, Steven W. Adamson, Rebecca E. Browning, Chien-Chung Chao, Robert C. Bateman Jr., Wei-Mei Ching, Shahid Karim Sep 2013

Molecular Characterization Of Tick Salivary Gland Glutaminyl Cyclase, Steven W. Adamson, Rebecca E. Browning, Chien-Chung Chao, Robert C. Bateman Jr., Wei-Mei Ching, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) catalyzes the cyclization of N-terminal glutamine residues into pyroglutamate. This post-translational modification extends the half-life of peptides and, in some cases, is essential in binding to their cognate receptor. Due to its potential role in the post-translational modification of tick neuropeptides, we report the molecular, biochemical and physiological characterization of salivary gland QC during the prolonged blood feeding of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the gulf-coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum). QC sequences from I. scapularis and A. maculatum showed a high degree of amino acid identity to each other and other arthropods and …

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Mental Health, Substance Use, And Delinquency Among Truant Youth In A Brief Intervention Project: A Longitudinal Study, Richard Dembo, Rhissa Briones-Robinson, Kimberly Barrett, Ken C. Winters, James Schmeidler, Rocío Aracelis Ungaro, Lora Karas, Steven Belenko, Laura Gulledge Sep 2013

Mental Health, Substance Use, And Delinquency Among Truant Youth In A Brief Intervention Project: A Longitudinal Study, Richard Dembo, Rhissa Briones-Robinson, Kimberly Barrett, Ken C. Winters, James Schmeidler, Rocío Aracelis Ungaro, Lora Karas, Steven Belenko, Laura Gulledge

Faculty Publications

The relationship between substance use, mental health disorders, and delinquency among youth is well documented. What has received far less attention from researchers is the relationship between these issues among truant youth, in spite of studies that document truants are a population at risk for negative outcomes. This study bridges this gap by (a) examining psychosocial functioning and delinquency among truants and (b) assessing the efficacy of a brief intervention (BI) in reducing delinquent behavior over time. To meet these objectives, data were collected from 183 truant youth enrolled in an ongoing National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded BI project. …

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Do Markets Promote Immoral Behavior?, Fred Foldvary Sep 2013

Do Markets Promote Immoral Behavior?, Fred Foldvary

Faculty Publications

Pure markets enhance good behavior, because in such arrangements, voluntary acts are rewarded and involuntary acts are punished. A pure market, as we define it, consists only of voluntary human action. That’s because a truly free market includes governance structuresthat penalize coercive harm, and such pure markets do not impose any restrictions or costs on honest and peaceful human activity.Critics of markets think otherwise. They point to slave markets or a market for stolen goods as examples of market immorality.

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