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Pdid: Database Of Molecular-Level Putative Protein-Drug Interactions In The Structural Human Proteome, Chen Wang, Gang Hu, Kui Wang, Michal Brylinski, Lei Xie, Lukasz Kurgan Feb 2016

Pdid: Database Of Molecular-Level Putative Protein-Drug Interactions In The Structural Human Proteome, Chen Wang, Gang Hu, Kui Wang, Michal Brylinski, Lei Xie, Lukasz Kurgan

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Motivation: Many drugs interact with numerous proteins besides their intended therapeutic targets and a substantial portion of these interactions is yet to be elucidated. Protein-Drug Interaction Database (PDID) addresses incompleteness of these data by providing access to putative protein-drug interactions that cover the entire structural human proteome. Results: PDID covers 9652 structures from 3746 proteins and houses 16 800 putative interactions generated from close to 1.1 million accurate, all-atom structure-based predictions for several dozens of popular drugs. The predictions were generated with three modern methods: ILbind, SMAP …

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Effect Of The North Equatorial Counter Current On The Generation And Propagation Of Internal Solitary Waves Off The Amazon Shelf (Sar Observations), Jorge Manuel Magalhães, J.C.B. Da Silva, Maarten C. Buijsman, Carlos A.E. Gaercia Feb 2016

Effect Of The North Equatorial Counter Current On The Generation And Propagation Of Internal Solitary Waves Off The Amazon Shelf (Sar Observations), Jorge Manuel Magalhães, J.C.B. Da Silva, Maarten C. Buijsman, Carlos A.E. Gaercia

Faculty Publications

. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from the Amazon shelf break region in the tropical west Atlantic reveals for the first time the two-dimensional horizontal structure of an intense Internal Solitary Wave (ISW) field, whose first surface manifestations are detected several hundred kilometres away from the nearest forcing bathymetry. Composite maps and an energy budget analysis (provided from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model – HYCOM) help to identify two major ISW pathways emanating from the steep slopes of a small promontory (or headland) near 44◦ W and 0 ◦ N, which are seen to extend for over 500 km into …

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Thermoreversible And Injectable Abc Polypeptoid Hydrogels: Controlling The Hydrogel Properties Through Molecular Design, Sunting Xuan, Chang Uk Lee, Cong Chen, Andrew B. Doyle, Yueheng Zhang, Li Guo, Vijay T. John, Daniel Hayes, Donghui Zhang Feb 2016

Thermoreversible And Injectable Abc Polypeptoid Hydrogels: Controlling The Hydrogel Properties Through Molecular Design, Sunting Xuan, Chang Uk Lee, Cong Chen, Andrew B. Doyle, Yueheng Zhang, Li Guo, Vijay T. John, Daniel Hayes, Donghui Zhang

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Chemical Society. A series of ABC triblock copolypeptoids [i.e., poly(N-allyl glycine)-b-poly(N-methyl glycine)-b-poly(N-decyl glycine) (AMD)] with well-defined structure and varying composition have been synthesized by sequential primary amine-initiated ring-opening polymerization of the corresponding N-substituted N-carboxyanhydride monomers (Al-NCA, Me-NCA, and De-NCA). The ABC block copolypeptoids undergo sol-to-gel transitions with increasing temperature in water and biological media at low concentrations (2.5-10 wt %). The sol-gel transition is rapid and fully reversible with a narrow transition window, evidenced by the rheological measurements. The gelation temperature (Tgel) and mechanical stiffness of the hydrogels are highly tunable: Tgel in the 26.2-60.0 °C range, …

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Constrained Total Energy Expenditure And Metabolic Adaptation To Physical Activity In Adult Humans, Herman Pontzer, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Lara R. Dugas, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller, Amy Luke Feb 2016

Constrained Total Energy Expenditure And Metabolic Adaptation To Physical Activity In Adult Humans, Herman Pontzer, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Lara R. Dugas, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

Current obesity prevention strategies recommend increasing daily physical activity, assuming that increased activity will lead to corresponding increases in total energy expenditure and prevent or reverse energy imbalance and weight gain [1-3]. Such Additive total energy expenditure models are supported by exercise intervention and accelerometry studies reporting positive correlations between physical activity and total energy expenditure [4] but are challenged by ecological studies in humans and other species showing that more active populations do not have higher total energy expenditure [5-8]. Here we tested a Constrained total energy expenditure model, in which total energy expenditure increases with physical activity at …

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Temporal Control Of Gelation And Polymerization Fronts Driven By An Autocatalytic Enzyme Reaction, Elizabeth Jee, Tamás Bánsági, Annette F. Taylor, John A. Pojman Feb 2016

Temporal Control Of Gelation And Polymerization Fronts Driven By An Autocatalytic Enzyme Reaction, Elizabeth Jee, Tamás Bánsági, Annette F. Taylor, John A. Pojman

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Chemical systems that remain kinetically dormant until activated have numerous applications in materials science. Herein we present a method for the control of gelation that exploits an inbuilt switch: the increase in pH after an induction period in the urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea was used to trigger the base-catalyzed Michael addition of a water-soluble trithiol to a polyethylene glycol diacrylate. The time to gelation (minutes to hours) was either preset through the initial concentrations or the reaction was initiated locally by a base, thus resulting in polymerization fronts …

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Incomplete Protection Against Dengue Virus Type 2 Re-Infection In Peru, Brett M. Forshey, Robert C. Reiner, Sandra Olkowski, Amy C. Morrison, Angelica Espinoza, Kanya C. Long, Stalin Vilcarromero, Wilma Casanova, Helen J. Wearing, Eric S. Halsey, Tadeusz J. Kochel, Thomas W. Scott, Steven T. Stoddard Feb 2016

Incomplete Protection Against Dengue Virus Type 2 Re-Infection In Peru, Brett M. Forshey, Robert C. Reiner, Sandra Olkowski, Amy C. Morrison, Angelica Espinoza, Kanya C. Long, Stalin Vilcarromero, Wilma Casanova, Helen J. Wearing, Eric S. Halsey, Tadeusz J. Kochel, Thomas W. Scott, Steven T. Stoddard

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Public Library of Science. All Rights Reserved. Background: Nearly half of the world’s population is at risk for dengue, yet no licensed vaccine or anti-viral drug is currently available. Dengue is caused by any of four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 through DENV-4), and infection by a DENV serotype is assumed to provide life-long protection against re-infection by that serotype. We investigated the validity of this fundamental assumption during a large dengue epidemic caused by DENV-2 in Iquitos, Peru, in 2010–2011, 15 years after the first outbreak of DENV-2 in the region. Methodology/Principal Findings: We estimated the age-dependent prevalence …

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Soil Functional Zone Management: A Vehicle For Enhancing Production And Soil Ecosystem Services In Row-Crop Agroecosystems, Alwyn Williams, Daniel A. Kane, Patrick M. Ewing, Lesley W. Atwood, Andrea Jilling, Meng Li, Yi Lou, Adam S. Davis, A. Stuart Grandy, Sheri C. Huerd, Mitchell C. Hunter, Roger T. Koide, David A. Mortensen, Richard G. Smith, Sieglinde S. Snapp, Kurt A. Spokas, Anthony C. Yannarell, Nicholas R. Jordan Feb 2016

Soil Functional Zone Management: A Vehicle For Enhancing Production And Soil Ecosystem Services In Row-Crop Agroecosystems, Alwyn Williams, Daniel A. Kane, Patrick M. Ewing, Lesley W. Atwood, Andrea Jilling, Meng Li, Yi Lou, Adam S. Davis, A. Stuart Grandy, Sheri C. Huerd, Mitchell C. Hunter, Roger T. Koide, David A. Mortensen, Richard G. Smith, Sieglinde S. Snapp, Kurt A. Spokas, Anthony C. Yannarell, Nicholas R. Jordan

Faculty Publications

There is increasing global demand for food, bioenergy feedstocks and a wide variety of bio-based products. In response, agriculture has advanced production, but is increasingly depleting soil regulating and supporting ecosystem services. New production systems have emerged, such as no-tillage, that can enhance soil services but may limit yields. Moving forward, agricultural systems must reduce trade-offs between production and soil services. Soil functional zone management (SFZM) is a novel strategy for developing sustainable production systems that attempts to integrate the benefits of conventional, intensive agriculture, and no-tillage. SFZM creates distinct functional zones within crop row and inter-row spaces. By incorporating …

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Pragmatic Language Features Of Mothers With The Fmr1 Premutation Are Associated With The Language Outcomes Of Adolescents And Young Adults With Fragile X Syndrome, Jessica Klusek, S E. Mcgrath, L Abbeduto, J E. Roberts Feb 2016

Pragmatic Language Features Of Mothers With The Fmr1 Premutation Are Associated With The Language Outcomes Of Adolescents And Young Adults With Fragile X Syndrome, Jessica Klusek, S E. Mcgrath, L Abbeduto, J E. Roberts

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Single Fluorescence Probes Along The Reactive Center Loop Reveal Site-Specific Changes During The Latency Transition Of Pai-1, Tihami Qureshi, Cynthia B. Peterson Feb 2016

Single Fluorescence Probes Along The Reactive Center Loop Reveal Site-Specific Changes During The Latency Transition Of Pai-1, Tihami Qureshi, Cynthia B. Peterson

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Protein Society The serine protease inhibitor (serpin), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), is an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease and many cancers. It is therefore a desirable target for pharmaceutical intervention. However, to date, no PAI-1 inhibitor has successfully reached clinical trial, indicating the necessity to learn more about the mechanics of the serpin. Although its kinetics of inhibition have been extensively studied, less is known about the latency transition of PAI-1, in which the solvent-exposed reactive center loop (RCL) inserts into its central β-sheet, rendering the inhibitor inactive. This spontaneous transition is concomitant with a large translocation …

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Does Corticosterone Regulate The Onset Of Breeding In Free-Living Birds?: The Cort-Flexibility Hypothesis And Six Potential Mechanisms For Priming Corticosteroid Function, Christine R. Lattin, Creagh W. Breuner, L. Michael Romero Feb 2016

Does Corticosterone Regulate The Onset Of Breeding In Free-Living Birds?: The Cort-Flexibility Hypothesis And Six Potential Mechanisms For Priming Corticosteroid Function, Christine R. Lattin, Creagh W. Breuner, L. Michael Romero

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. For many avian species, the decision to initiate breeding is based on information from a variety of environmental cues, including photoperiod, temperature, food availability, and social interactions. There is evidence that the hormone corticosterone may be involved in delaying the onset of breeding in cases where supplemental cues, such as low food availability and inclement weather, indicate that the environment is not suitable. However, not all studies have found the expected relationships between breeding delays and corticosterone titers. In this review, we present the hypothesis that corticosterone physiology mediates flexibility in breeding initiation (the …

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Distinct Encounter Complexes Of Pai-1 With Plasminogen Activators And Vitronectin Revealed By Changes In The Conformation And Dynamics Of The Reactive Center Loop, Tihami Qureshi, Sumit Goswami, Carlee S. Mcclintock, Matthew T. Ramsey, Cynthia B. Peterson Feb 2016

Distinct Encounter Complexes Of Pai-1 With Plasminogen Activators And Vitronectin Revealed By Changes In The Conformation And Dynamics Of The Reactive Center Loop, Tihami Qureshi, Sumit Goswami, Carlee S. Mcclintock, Matthew T. Ramsey, Cynthia B. Peterson

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Protein Society Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a biologically important serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that, when overexpressed, is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease and cancer metastasis. Several of its ligands, including vitronectin, tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tPA, uPA), affect the fate of PAI-1. Here, we measured changes in the solvent accessibility and dynamics of an important unresolved functional region, the reactive center loop (RCL), upon binding of these ligands. Binding of the catalytically inactive S195A variant of tPA to the RCL causes an increase in fluorescence, indicating greater solvent protection, at its C-terminus, …

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Mathematical Model Of The Firefly Luciferase Complementation Assay Reveals A Non-Linear Relationship Between The Detected Luminescence And The Affinity Of The Protein Pair Being Analyzed, Renee Dale, Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama, Hiroshi Ueda, Naohiro Kato Feb 2016

Mathematical Model Of The Firefly Luciferase Complementation Assay Reveals A Non-Linear Relationship Between The Detected Luminescence And The Affinity Of The Protein Pair Being Analyzed, Renee Dale, Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama, Hiroshi Ueda, Naohiro Kato

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Dale et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The firefly luciferase complementation assay is widely used as a bioluminescent reporter technology to detect protein-protein interactions in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo. Upon the interaction of a protein pair, complemented firefly luciferase emits light through the adenylation and oxidation of its substrate, luciferin. Although it has been suggested that kinetics of light production in the firefly luciferase complementation assay …

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Dna Methylation Variation Of Human-Specific Alu Repeats, Mark A. Batzer, Arundhati Bakshi, Scott W. Herke, Joomyeong J. Kim Feb 2016

Dna Methylation Variation Of Human-Specific Alu Repeats, Mark A. Batzer, Arundhati Bakshi, Scott W. Herke, Joomyeong J. Kim

Faculty Publications

DNA methylation is the major repression mechanism for human retrotransposons, such as the Alu family. Here, we have determined the methylation levels associated with 5238 loci belonging to 2 Alu subfamilies, AluYa5 and AluYb8, using high-throughput targeted repeat element bisulfite sequencing (HT-TREBS). The results indicate that »90% of loci are repressed by high methylation levels. Of the remaining loci, many of the hypomethylated elements are found near gene promoters and show high levels of DNA methylation variation. We have characterized this variation in the context of tumorigenesis and interindividual differences. Comparison of a primary breast tumor and its matched normal …

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Dna Methylation Variation Of Human-Specific Alu Repeats, Arundhati Bakshi, Scott W. Herke, Mark A. Batzer, Joomyeong Kim Feb 2016

Dna Methylation Variation Of Human-Specific Alu Repeats, Arundhati Bakshi, Scott W. Herke, Mark A. Batzer, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. ABSTRACT: DNA methylation is the major repression mechanism for human retrotransposons, such as the Alu family. Here, we have determined the methylation levels associated with 5238 loci belonging to 2 Alu subfamilies, AluYa5 and AluYb8, using high-throughput targeted repeat element bisulfite sequencing (HT-TREBS). The results indicate that ∼90% of loci are repressed by high methylation levels. Of the remaining loci, many of the hypomethylated elements are found near gene promoters and show high levels of DNA methylation variation. We have characterized this variation in the context of tumorigenesis and interindividual differences. Comparison of …

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Msh1 Is A Plant Organellar Dna Binding And Thylakoid Protein Under Precise Spatial Regulation To Alter Development, Kamaldeep S S. Virdi, Yashitola Wamboldt, Hardik Kundariya, John D D. Laurie, Ido Keren, K. R. Sunil Kumar, Anna Block, Gilles Basset, Steve Luebker, Christian Elowsky, Philip M M. Day, Johnna L L. Roose, Terry M M. Bricker, Thomas Elthon, Sally A A. Mackenzie Feb 2016

Msh1 Is A Plant Organellar Dna Binding And Thylakoid Protein Under Precise Spatial Regulation To Alter Development, Kamaldeep S S. Virdi, Yashitola Wamboldt, Hardik Kundariya, John D D. Laurie, Ido Keren, K. R. Sunil Kumar, Anna Block, Gilles Basset, Steve Luebker, Christian Elowsky, Philip M M. Day, Johnna L L. Roose, Terry M M. Bricker, Thomas Elthon, Sally A A. Mackenzie

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Authors As metabolic centers, plant organelles participate in maintenance, defense, and signaling. MSH1 is a plant-specific protein involved in organellar genome stability in mitochondria and plastids. Plastid depletion of MSH1 causes heritable, non-genetic changes in development and DNA methylation. We investigated the msh1 phenotype using hemi-complementation mutants and transgene-null segregants from RNAi suppression lines to sub-compartmentalize MSH1 effects. We show that MSH1 expression is spatially regulated, specifically localizing to plastids within the epidermis and vascular parenchyma. The protein binds DNA and localizes to plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids, but fractionation and protein–protein interactions data indicate that MSH1 also …

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An Adenovirus-Derived Protein: A Novel Candidate For Anti-Diabetic Drug Development, Vijay Hegde, Ha Na Na, Olga Dubuisson, Susan J. Burke, J. Jason Collier, David Burk, Tamra Mendoza, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar Feb 2016

An Adenovirus-Derived Protein: A Novel Candidate For Anti-Diabetic Drug Development, Vijay Hegde, Ha Na Na, Olga Dubuisson, Susan J. Burke, J. Jason Collier, David Burk, Tamra Mendoza, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). Aims Exposure to human adenovirus Ad36 is causatively and correlatively linked with better glycemic control in animals and humans, respectively. Although the anti-hyperglycemic property of Ad36 may offer some therapeutic potential, it is impractical to use an infectious agent for therapeutic benefit. Cell-based studies identified that Ad36 enhances cellular glucose disposal via its E4orf1 protein. Ability to improve glycemic control in vivo is a critical prerequisite for further investigating the therapeutic potential of E4orf1. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of E4orf1 …

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Continental Carbonate Facies Of A Neoproterozoic Panglaciation, North-East Svalbard, Ian J. Fairchild, Edward J. Fleming, Huiming Bao, Douglas I. Benn, Ian Boomer, Yuri V. Dublyansky, Galen P. Halverson, Michael J. Hambrey, Chris Hendy, Emily A. Mcmillan, Christoph Spötl, Carl T.E. Stevenson, Peter M. Wynn Feb 2016

Continental Carbonate Facies Of A Neoproterozoic Panglaciation, North-East Svalbard, Ian J. Fairchild, Edward J. Fleming, Huiming Bao, Douglas I. Benn, Ian Boomer, Yuri V. Dublyansky, Galen P. Halverson, Michael J. Hambrey, Chris Hendy, Emily A. Mcmillan, Christoph Spötl, Carl T.E. Stevenson, Peter M. Wynn

Faculty Publications

© 2016 International Association of Sedimentologists. The Marinoan panglaciation (cα 650 to 635 Ma) is represented in north-east Svalbard by the 130 to 175 m thick Wilsonbreen Formation which contains syn-glacial carbonates in its upper 100 m. These sediments are now known to have been deposited under a CO2-rich atmosphere, late in the glaciation, and global climate models facilitate testing of proposed analogues. Precipitated carbonates occur in four of the seven facies associations identified: Fluvial Channel (including stromatolitic and intraclastic limestones in ephemeral stream deposits); Dolomitic Floodplain (dolomite-cemented sand and siltstones, and microbial dolomites); Calcareous Lake Margin (intraclastic dolomite and …

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New Loci For Body Fat Percentage Reveal Link Between Adiposity And Cardiometabolic Disease Risk, Yingchang Lu, Felix R. Day, Stefan Gustafsson, Martin L. Buchkovich, Jianbo Na, Veronique Bataille, Diana L. Cousminer, Zari Dastani, Alexander W. Drong, Toñu Esko, David M. Evans, Mario Falchi, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Åsa K. Hedman, Robin Haring, Pirro G. Hysi, Mark M. Iles, Anne E. Justice, Stavroula Kanoni, Vasiliki Lagou, Rui Li, Xin Li, Adam Locke, Chen Lu, Reedik Mägi, John R.B. Perry, Tune H. Pers, Qibin Qi, Marianna Sanna, Ellen M. Schmidt, William R. Scott, Dmitry Shungin Feb 2016

New Loci For Body Fat Percentage Reveal Link Between Adiposity And Cardiometabolic Disease Risk, Yingchang Lu, Felix R. Day, Stefan Gustafsson, Martin L. Buchkovich, Jianbo Na, Veronique Bataille, Diana L. Cousminer, Zari Dastani, Alexander W. Drong, Toñu Esko, David M. Evans, Mario Falchi, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Åsa K. Hedman, Robin Haring, Pirro G. Hysi, Mark M. Iles, Anne E. Justice, Stavroula Kanoni, Vasiliki Lagou, Rui Li, Xin Li, Adam Locke, Chen Lu, Reedik Mägi, John R.B. Perry, Tune H. Pers, Qibin Qi, Marianna Sanna, Ellen M. Schmidt, William R. Scott, Dmitry Shungin

Faculty Publications

To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (Po5108), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and …

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A Dose-Schedule Finding Design For Phase I-Ii Clinical Trials, Beibei Guo, Yisheng Li, Ying Yuan Feb 2016

A Dose-Schedule Finding Design For Phase I-Ii Clinical Trials, Beibei Guo, Yisheng Li, Ying Yuan

Faculty Publications

Summary: Dose finding methods aiming at identifying an optimal dose of a treatment with a given schedule may be at a risk of misidentifying the best treatment for patients. We propose a phase I-II clinical trial design to find the optimal dose-schedule combination. We define schedule as the method and timing of administration of a given total dose in a treatment cycle. We propose a Bayesian dynamic model for the joint effects of dose and schedule. The model proposed allows us to borrow strength across dose-schedule combinations without making overly restrictive assumptions on the ordering pattern of the schedule effects. …

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Quantifying Demographic Uncertainty: Bayesian Methods For Integral Projection Models, Bret D. Elderd, Tom E.X. Miller Feb 2016

Quantifying Demographic Uncertainty: Bayesian Methods For Integral Projection Models, Bret D. Elderd, Tom E.X. Miller

Faculty Publications

© 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. Integral projection models ( IPM s) are a powerful and popular approach to modeling population dynamics. Generalized linear models form the statistical backbone of an IPM . These models are typically fi t using a frequentist approach. We suggest that hierarchical Bayesian statistical approaches offer important advantages over frequentist methods for building and interpreting IPM s, especially given the hierarchical nature of most demographic studies. Using a stochastic IPM for a desert cactus based on a 10- year study as a worked example, we highlight the application of a Bayesian approach for …

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Change In Obesity Prevalence Across The United States Is Influenced By Recreational And Healthcare Contexts, Food Environments, And Hispanic Populations, Candice A. Myers, Tim Slack, Corby K. Martin, Stephanie T. Broyles, Steven B. Heymsfield Feb 2016

Change In Obesity Prevalence Across The United States Is Influenced By Recreational And Healthcare Contexts, Food Environments, And Hispanic Populations, Candice A. Myers, Tim Slack, Corby K. Martin, Stephanie T. Broyles, Steven B. Heymsfield

Faculty Publications

Objective To examine change in county-level adult obesity prevalence between 2004 and 2009 and identify associated community characteristics. Methods Change in county-level adult (≥20 years) obesity prevalence was calculated for a 5-year period (2004-2009). Community measures of economic, healthcare, recreational, food environment, population structure, and education contexts were also calculated. Regression analysis was used to assess community characteristics associated (p< 0.01) with change in adult obesity prevalence. Results Mean±SD change in obesity prevalence was 5.1±2.4%. Obesity prevalence decreased in 1.4% (n = 44) and increased in 98% (n = 3,060) of counties from 2004-2009. Results showed that both baseline levels and increases in physically inactive adults were associated with greater increases in obesity prevalence, while baseline levels of and increases in physician density and grocery store/supercenter density were related to smaller increases in obesity rates. Baseline levels of the Hispanic population share were negatively linked to changing obesity levels, while places with greater Hispanic population growth saw greater increases in obesity. Conclusions Most counties in the U.S. experienced increases in adult obesity prevalence from 2004 to 2009. Findings suggest that community-based interventions targeting adult obesity need to incorporate a range of community factors, such as levels of physical inactivity, access to physicians, availability of food outlets, and ethnic/racial population composition.

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Transcriptome Profiling Of Beach Morning Glory (Ipomoea Imperati) Under Salinity And Its Comparative Analysis With Sweetpotato, Julio Solis, Niranjan Baisakh, Steven R. Brandt, Arthur Villordon, Don La Bonte Feb 2016

Transcriptome Profiling Of Beach Morning Glory (Ipomoea Imperati) Under Salinity And Its Comparative Analysis With Sweetpotato, Julio Solis, Niranjan Baisakh, Steven R. Brandt, Arthur Villordon, Don La Bonte

Faculty Publications

The response and adaption to salt remains poorly understood for beach morning glory [Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb], one of a few relatives of sweetpotato, known to thrive under salty and extreme drought conditions. In order to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying salt tolerance of a Convolvulaceae member, a genome-wide transcriptome study was carried out in beach morning glory by 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 286,584 filtered reads from both salt stressed and unstressed (control) root and shoot tissues were assembled into 95,790 unigenes with an average length of 667 base pairs (bp) and N50 of 706 bp. Putative differentially expressed …

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Halobacteriovorax, An Underestimated Predator On Bacteria: Potential Impact Relative To Viruses On Bacterial Mortality, Henry N. Williams, Despoina S. Lymperopoulou, Rana Athar, Ashvini Chauhan, Tamar L. Dickerson, Huan Chen, Edward Laws, Timkhite Kulu Berhane, Adrienne R. Flowers, Nadine Bradley, Shanterial Young, Denene Blackwood, Jacqueline Murray, Oladipupo Mustapha, Cory Blackwell, Yahsuan Tung, Rachel T. Noble Feb 2016

Halobacteriovorax, An Underestimated Predator On Bacteria: Potential Impact Relative To Viruses On Bacterial Mortality, Henry N. Williams, Despoina S. Lymperopoulou, Rana Athar, Ashvini Chauhan, Tamar L. Dickerson, Huan Chen, Edward Laws, Timkhite Kulu Berhane, Adrienne R. Flowers, Nadine Bradley, Shanterial Young, Denene Blackwood, Jacqueline Murray, Oladipupo Mustapha, Cory Blackwell, Yahsuan Tung, Rachel T. Noble

Faculty Publications

Predation on bacteria and accompanying mortality are important mechanisms in controlling bacterial populations and recycling of nutrients through the microbial loop. The agents most investigated and seen as responsible for bacterial mortality are viruses and protists. However, a body of evidence suggests that predatory bacteria such as the Halobacteriovorax (formerly Bacteriovorax), a Bdellovibrio-like organism, contribute substantially to bacterial death. Until now, conclusive evidence has been lacking. The goal of this study was to better understand the contributors to bacterial mortality by addressing the poorly understood role of Halobacteriovorax and how their role compares with that of viruses. The results revealed …

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Feedstock Analysis Sensitivity For Estimating Ethanol Production Potential In Switchgrass And Energycane Biomass, Kun Jun Han, Younghwan Moon, Donal F. Day, William D. Pitman Feb 2016

Feedstock Analysis Sensitivity For Estimating Ethanol Production Potential In Switchgrass And Energycane Biomass, Kun Jun Han, Younghwan Moon, Donal F. Day, William D. Pitman

Faculty Publications

Efficient ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass requires highly degradable feedstock; therefore, there is a similarity between forage crop production for ruminant animals and ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Feed value analysis techniques may be used to estimate lignocellulosic biomass quality. Because lignin and its derivatives in cell walls are major compounds interrupting biomass degradation, fiber analysis and in vitro incubation tests were conducted with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and energycane (Saccharum spp.) biomass collected at 100 and 120g lignin (acid detergent lignin) kg-1 DM (dry matter). Mean NDF (neutral detergent fiber) in switchgrass was consistently greater than that of energy cane …

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Continental Carbonate Facies Of A Neoproterozoic Panglaciation, North-East Svalbard, Ian J. Fairchild, Edward J. Fleming, Huiming Bao, Douglas I. Benn, Ian Boomer, Yuri V. Dublyansky, Galen P. Halverson, Michael J. Hambrey, Chris Hendy, Emily A. Mcmillan, Christoph Spötl, Carl T.E. Stevenson, Peter M. Wynn Feb 2016

Continental Carbonate Facies Of A Neoproterozoic Panglaciation, North-East Svalbard, Ian J. Fairchild, Edward J. Fleming, Huiming Bao, Douglas I. Benn, Ian Boomer, Yuri V. Dublyansky, Galen P. Halverson, Michael J. Hambrey, Chris Hendy, Emily A. Mcmillan, Christoph Spötl, Carl T.E. Stevenson, Peter M. Wynn

Faculty Publications

© 2016 International Association of Sedimentologists. The Marinoan panglaciation (cα 650 to 635 Ma) is represented in north-east Svalbard by the 130 to 175 m thick Wilsonbreen Formation which contains syn-glacial carbonates in its upper 100 m. These sediments are now known to have been deposited under a CO2-rich atmosphere, late in the glaciation, and global climate models facilitate testing of proposed analogues. Precipitated carbonates occur in four of the seven facies associations identified: Fluvial Channel (including stromatolitic and intraclastic limestones in ephemeral stream deposits); Dolomitic Floodplain (dolomite-cemented sand and siltstones, and microbial dolomites); Calcareous Lake Margin (intraclastic dolomite and …

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Lentic And Lotic Habitats As Templets For Fungal Communities: Traits, Adaptations, And Their Significance To Litter Decomposition Within Freshwater Ecosystems, Kevin A. Kuehn Feb 2016

Lentic And Lotic Habitats As Templets For Fungal Communities: Traits, Adaptations, And Their Significance To Litter Decomposition Within Freshwater Ecosystems, Kevin A. Kuehn

Faculty Publications

Decomposition of plant matter is a key ecosystem process and considerable research has examined plant litter decay processes in freshwater habitats. Fungi are common inhabitants of the decomposer microbial community and representatives of all major fungal phyla have been identified within freshwater systems. Development and application of quantitative methods over the last several decades have firmly established that fungi are central players in the decomposition of plant litter in freshwaters and are important mediators of energy and nutrient transfer to higher trophic levels. Despite the critical roles that fungi play in carbon and nutrient cycling in freshwater ecosystems, there are …

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How Users Perceive And Respond To Security Messages: A Neurois Research Agenda And Empirical Study, Bonnie Anderson, Anthony Vance, C. Brock Kirwan, David Eargle, Jeffrey Jenkins Feb 2016

How Users Perceive And Respond To Security Messages: A Neurois Research Agenda And Empirical Study, Bonnie Anderson, Anthony Vance, C. Brock Kirwan, David Eargle, Jeffrey Jenkins

Faculty Publications

Users are vital to the information security of organizations. In spite of technical safeguards, users make many critical security decisions. An example is users' responses to security messages—discrete communication designed to persuade users to either impair or improve their security status. Research shows that although users are highly susceptible to malicious messages (e.g., phishing attacks), they are highly resistant to protective messages such as security warnings. Research is therefore needed to better understand how users perceive and respond to security messages. In this article, we argue for the potential of NeuroIS—cognitive neuroscience applied to information system (IS)—to shed new light …

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Biodiversity And You., Garth Woodruff Feb 2016

Biodiversity And You., Garth Woodruff

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Islands Within An Almost Island: History, Myth, And Aislamiento In Baja California, Mexico, Ryan B. Anderson Jan 2016

Islands Within An Almost Island: History, Myth, And Aislamiento In Baja California, Mexico, Ryan B. Anderson

Faculty Publications

This paper examines the persistent histories and lasting effects of the Baja California peninsula's status as an "almost island." The peninsula is almost an island in so many ways. Its reputation as an island-like entity has also ben strengthened by a longstanding myth that it was, in fact, an actual island. In many senses it was an island - isolated, remote, difficult to envision, understand, and control. Geography and climate played a vital role in all of this, but so, too, did human imagination. The author uses the concept of shima, along with discussions about the dual meanings of the …

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Vascular Health In American Football Players: Cardiovascular Risk Increased In Division Iii Players, Deborah L. Feairheller, Kristin R. Aichele, Joyann E. Oakman, Michael P. Neal, Christina M. Cromwell, Jessica M. Lenzo, Avery N. Perez, Naomi L. Bye, Erica L. Santaniello, Jessica A. Hill, Rachel C. Evans, Karla A. Thiele, Lauren N. Chavis, Allyson K. Getty, Tia R. Wisdo, Joanna M. Mcclelland, Kathleen M. Sturgeon, Pamela S. Chlad Jan 2016

Vascular Health In American Football Players: Cardiovascular Risk Increased In Division Iii Players, Deborah L. Feairheller, Kristin R. Aichele, Joyann E. Oakman, Michael P. Neal, Christina M. Cromwell, Jessica M. Lenzo, Avery N. Perez, Naomi L. Bye, Erica L. Santaniello, Jessica A. Hill, Rachel C. Evans, Karla A. Thiele, Lauren N. Chavis, Allyson K. Getty, Tia R. Wisdo, Joanna M. Mcclelland, Kathleen M. Sturgeon, Pamela S. Chlad

Faculty Publications

Studies report that football players have high blood pressure (BP) and increased cardiovascular risk. There are over 70,000 NCAA football players and 450 Division III schools sponsor football programs, yet limited research exists on vascular health of athletes. This study aimed to compare vascular and cardiovascular health measures between football players and nonathlete controls. Twenty-three athletes and 19 nonathletes participated. Vascular health measures included flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Cardiovascular measures included clinic and 24 hr BP levels, body composition, VO2 max, and fasting glucose/cholesterol levels. Compared to controls, football players had a worse vascular and …

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