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Androgen Receptor Agonists Increase Lean Mass, Improve Cardiopulmonary Functions And Extend Survival In Preclinical Models Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Suriyan Ponnusamy, Ryan D. Sullivan, Dahui You, Nadeem Zafar, Chuan He Yang, Thirumagal Thiyagarajan, Daniel L. Johnson, Maron L. Barrett, Nikki J. Koehler, Mayra Star, Erin J. Stephenson, Dave Bridges, Stephania A. Cormier, Lawrence M. Pfeffer, Ramesh Narayanan Jan 2017

Androgen Receptor Agonists Increase Lean Mass, Improve Cardiopulmonary Functions And Extend Survival In Preclinical Models Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Suriyan Ponnusamy, Ryan D. Sullivan, Dahui You, Nadeem Zafar, Chuan He Yang, Thirumagal Thiyagarajan, Daniel L. Johnson, Maron L. Barrett, Nikki J. Koehler, Mayra Star, Erin J. Stephenson, Dave Bridges, Stephania A. Cormier, Lawrence M. Pfeffer, Ramesh Narayanan

Faculty Publications

© The Author 2017. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease that predominantly affects boys as a result of mutation(s) in the dystrophin gene. DMD is characterized by musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary complications, resulting in shorter life-span. Boys afflicted by DMD typically exhibit symptoms within 3-5 years of age and declining physical functions before attaining puberty. We hypothesized that rapidly deteriorating health of pre-pubertal boys with DMD could be due to diminished anabolic actions of androgens in muscle, and that intervention with an androgen receptor (AR) agonist will reverse musculoskeletal complications and extend survival. While castration of dystrophin and utrophin …

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Flavin Nucleotides Act As Electron Shuttles Mediating Reduction Of The [2fe-2s] Clusters In Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Mitoneet, Aaron P. Landry, Yiming Wang, Zishuo Cheng, Robert B. Crochet, Yong Hwan Lee, Huangen Ding Jan 2017

Flavin Nucleotides Act As Electron Shuttles Mediating Reduction Of The [2fe-2s] Clusters In Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Mitoneet, Aaron P. Landry, Yiming Wang, Zishuo Cheng, Robert B. Crochet, Yong Hwan Lee, Huangen Ding

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. MitoNEET, a primary target of type II diabetes drug pioglitazone, has an essential role in regulating energy metabolism, iron homeostasis, and production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Structurally, mitoNEET is anchored to the mitochondrial outer membrane via its N-terminal transmembrane α-helix. The C-terminal cytosolic domain of mitoNEET hosts a redox active [2Fe-2S] cluster via three cysteine and one histidine residues. Here we report that the reduced flavin nucleotides can rapidly reduce the mitoNEET [2Fe-2S] clusters under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. In the presence of NADH and flavin reductase, 1 molecule of flavin nucleotide is sufficient …

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Longitudinal Analysis Of A Diversity Support Program In Biology: A National Call For Further Assessment, Cissy J. Ballen, Nicholas A. Mason Jan 2017

Longitudinal Analysis Of A Diversity Support Program In Biology: A National Call For Further Assessment, Cissy J. Ballen, Nicholas A. Mason

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2017. National calls to improve the performance and persistence of students from historically underrepresented backgrounds in science have led to a surge of research on inclusive, evidence-based teaching methods. Less work has revealed the effects of diversity support initiatives that improve campus climate and community cohesion. Here, we examine whether participation in the Biology Scholars Program (BSP) at Cornell University-a diversity support program at a prominent university-affects underrepresented racial minority (URM) student performance. We found that BSP participants are less academically prepared when they enter college but typically have GPAs similar to those of their non-BSP counterparts …

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A New Species And Introgression In Eastern Asian Hemlocks (Pinaceae: Tsuga), Garth Holman, Peter Del Tredici, Nathan Havill, Nam Sook Lee, Richard Cronn, Kevin Cushman, Sarah Mathews, Linda Raubeson, Christopher S. Campbell Jan 2017

A New Species And Introgression In Eastern Asian Hemlocks (Pinaceae: Tsuga), Garth Holman, Peter Del Tredici, Nathan Havill, Nam Sook Lee, Richard Cronn, Kevin Cushman, Sarah Mathews, Linda Raubeson, Christopher S. Campbell

Faculty Publications

© Copyright 2017 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. Species delimitation in Pinaceae is often challenged by limited morphological differentiation and introgression. In Tsuga (hemlocks), species delimitation has been most challenging among northeastern Asian taxa, where the species are weakly marked morphologically and range in number from three to five in previous studies. Two low-copy nuclear four-coumarase-ligase (4CL) genes andmorphology strongly support a clade of the Japanese endemic T. diversifolia and T. Sieboldii from Japan and Ulleung island (Ulleungdo) in Korea. This clade is here referred to as the oceanic hemlocks. 4CL strongly supports a sister-group relationship of the …

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Aggregation Of Cyclic Polypeptoids Bearing Zwitterionic End-Groups With Attractive Dipole-Dipole And Solvophobic Interactions: A Study By Small-Angle Neutron Scattering And Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Pu Du, Ang Li, Xin Li, Yueheng Zhang, Changwoo Do, Lilin He, Steven W. Rick, Vijay T. John, Revati Kumar, Donghui Zhang Jan 2017

Aggregation Of Cyclic Polypeptoids Bearing Zwitterionic End-Groups With Attractive Dipole-Dipole And Solvophobic Interactions: A Study By Small-Angle Neutron Scattering And Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Pu Du, Ang Li, Xin Li, Yueheng Zhang, Changwoo Do, Lilin He, Steven W. Rick, Vijay T. John, Revati Kumar, Donghui Zhang

Faculty Publications

© the Owner Societies 2017. Aggregation behavior of cyclic polypeptoids bearing zwitterionic end-groups in methanol has been studied using a combination of experimental and simulation techniques. The data from SANS and cryo-TEM indicate that the solution contains small clusters of these cyclic polypeptoids, ranging from a single polypeptoid chain to small oligomers, while the linear counterpart shows no cluster formation. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the driving force for this clustering behavior is due to the interplay between the effective repulsion due to the solvation of the dipoles formed by the charged end-groups in each polypeptoid chain and the …

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Biodistribution Of Orally Administered Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles For 7 Days Followed By 21 Day Recovery In F344 Rats, Sara M. Navarro, Sean Swetledge, Timothy Morgan, Carlos E. Astete, Rhett Stout, Diana Coulon, Cristina M. Sabliov Jan 2017

Biodistribution Of Orally Administered Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles For 7 Days Followed By 21 Day Recovery In F344 Rats, Sara M. Navarro, Sean Swetledge, Timothy Morgan, Carlos E. Astete, Rhett Stout, Diana Coulon, Cristina M. Sabliov

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. The aim of this research was to assess biodistribution of orally administered poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) in rats and investigate the excretion of PLGA nanoparticles after administration has ended. The experiment was divided into 2 phases. In phase I, F344 rats were orally administered fluorescently tagged PLGA nanoparticles daily (3 mg/day) for 7 days, followed by a mass balance analysis which was performed on tissues of interest to determine NP biodistribution. In phase II, after 7 days of oral exposure, rats were no longer administered PLGA NPs, and amount of NPs excreted was measured each …

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Season Progression, Ontogenesis, And Environment Affect Lespedeza Cuneata Herbage Condensed Tannin, Fiber, And Crude Protein Concentrations, James P. Muir, Thomas H. Terrill, Jorge A. Mosjidis, Jean Marie Luginbuhl, James E. Miller, Joan M. Burke, Samuel W. Coleman Jan 2017

Season Progression, Ontogenesis, And Environment Affect Lespedeza Cuneata Herbage Condensed Tannin, Fiber, And Crude Protein Concentrations, James P. Muir, Thomas H. Terrill, Jorge A. Mosjidis, Jean Marie Luginbuhl, James E. Miller, Joan M. Burke, Samuel W. Coleman

Faculty Publications

© Crop Science Society of America. Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont de Courset) G. Don., SL] is a perennial, warm-season forage legume with wide adaptation, freeze tolerance, establishment ease, and persistence under grazing. It has high condensed tannin (CT) concentrations (g kg−1), which could be useful for methane mitigation and rumen bypass protein, as well as insect pest and gastro-intestinal nematode suppression. However, CT concentration is variable. Our objective was to test CT, crude protein (CP), and fiber concentrations at five locations (Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and Texas) during a growing season. Established ‘AU Grazer’ SL regrowth and accumulated …

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Biodistribution Of Orally Administered Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles For 7 Days Followed By 21 Day Recovery In F344 Rats, Sara M. Navarro, Sean Swetledge, Timothy Morgan, Carlos E. Astete, Rhett Stout, Diana Coulon, Cristina M. Sabliov Jan 2017

Biodistribution Of Orally Administered Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles For 7 Days Followed By 21 Day Recovery In F344 Rats, Sara M. Navarro, Sean Swetledge, Timothy Morgan, Carlos E. Astete, Rhett Stout, Diana Coulon, Cristina M. Sabliov

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. The aim of this research was to assess biodistribution of orally administered poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) in rats and investigate the excretion of PLGA nanoparticles after administration has ended. The experiment was divided into 2 phases. In phase I, F344 rats were orally administered fluorescently tagged PLGA nanoparticles daily (3 mg/day) for 7 days, followed by a mass balance analysis which was performed on tissues of interest to determine NP biodistribution. In phase II, after 7 days of oral exposure, rats were no longer administered PLGA NPs, and amount of NPs excreted was measured each …

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Pomegranate Juice And Extract Extended Lifespan And Reduced Intestinal Fat Deposition In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Jolene Zheng, David Heber, Mingming Wang, Chenfei Gao, Steven B. Heymsfield, Roy J. Martin, Frank L. Greenway, John W. Finley, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Frederick M. Enright, Michael J. Keenan, Zhaoping Li Jan 2017

Pomegranate Juice And Extract Extended Lifespan And Reduced Intestinal Fat Deposition In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Jolene Zheng, David Heber, Mingming Wang, Chenfei Gao, Steven B. Heymsfield, Roy J. Martin, Frank L. Greenway, John W. Finley, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Frederick M. Enright, Michael J. Keenan, Zhaoping Li

Faculty Publications

© 2019 Hogrefe. Pomegranate juice with a high content of polyphenols, pomegranate extract, ellagic acid, and urolithin A, have anti-oxidant and anti-obesity effects in humans. Pomegranate juice extends lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) (n = 6) compared to the control group in each treatment, lifespan was increased by pomegranate juice in wild type (N2, 56 %, P < 0.001) and daf-16 mutant (daf-16(mgDf50)I) (18 %, P = 0.00012), by pomegranate extract in N2 (28 %, P = 0.00004) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (10 %, P < 0.05), or by ellagic acid (11 %, P < 0.05). Pomegranate juice reduced intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in C. elegans (n = 10) N2 (–68 %, P = 0.0003) or in the daf-16(mgDf50)I (–33 %, P = 0.0034). The intestinal fat deposition was increased by pomegranate extract in N2 (137 %, P < 0.0138) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (26 %, P = 0.0225), by ellagic acid in N2 (66 %, P < 0.0001) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (74 %, P < 0.0001), or by urolithin A in N2 (57 %, P = 0.0039) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (43 %, P = 0.0001). These effects were partially mediated by the daf-16 pathway. The data may offer insights to human aging and obesity due to homology with C. elegans.

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Physical Geology: With Emphasis On America's National Part Areas, 2nd Edition, Brooks B. Ellwood Jan 2017

Physical Geology: With Emphasis On America's National Part Areas, 2nd Edition, Brooks B. Ellwood

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Wnt Regulation Of Embryonic Development Likely Involves Pathways Independent Of Nuclear Ctnnb1, Paula Tribulo, James I. Moss, Manabu Ozawa, Zongliang Jiang, Xiuchun Cindy Tian, Peter J. Hansen Jan 2017

Wnt Regulation Of Embryonic Development Likely Involves Pathways Independent Of Nuclear Ctnnb1, Paula Tribulo, James I. Moss, Manabu Ozawa, Zongliang Jiang, Xiuchun Cindy Tian, Peter J. Hansen

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Society for Reproduction and Fertility. The bovine was used to examine the potential for WNT signaling to affect the preimplantation embryo. Expression of seven key genes involved in canonical WNT signaling declined to a nadir at the morula or blastocyst stage. Expression of 80 genes associated with WNT signaling in the morula and inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) of the blastocyst was also evaluated. Many genes associated with WNT signaling were characterized by low transcript abundance. Seven genes were different between ICM and TE, and all of them were overexpressed in TE as compared to ICM, …

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The Dynamic Evolutionary History Of Genome Size In North American Woodland Salamanders, Catherine E. Newman, T. Ryan Gregory, Christopher C. Austin Jan 2017

The Dynamic Evolutionary History Of Genome Size In North American Woodland Salamanders, Catherine E. Newman, T. Ryan Gregory, Christopher C. Austin

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Published by NRC Research Press. The genus Plethodon is the most species-rich salamander genus in North America, and nearly half of its species face an uncertain future. It is also one of the most diverse families in terms of genome sizes, which range from 1C = 18.2 to 69.3 pg, or 5-20 times larger than the human genome. Large genome size in salamanders results in part from accumulation of transposable elements and is associated with various developmental and physiological traits. However, genome sizes have been reported for only 25% of the species of Plethodon (14 of 55). We …

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Phylogeography And Species Delimitation In Convict Cichlids (Cichlidae: Amatitlania): Implications For Taxonomy And Plio-Pleistocene Evolutionary History In Central America, Justin C. Bagley, Wilfredo A. Matamoros, Caleb D. Mcmahan, Michael Tobler, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Jerald B. Johnson Jan 2017

Phylogeography And Species Delimitation In Convict Cichlids (Cichlidae: Amatitlania): Implications For Taxonomy And Plio-Pleistocene Evolutionary History In Central America, Justin C. Bagley, Wilfredo A. Matamoros, Caleb D. Mcmahan, Michael Tobler, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Jerald B. Johnson

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Linnean Society of London. We investigate phylogeographic patterns and delimit species boundaries within Amatitlania, a genus of Central American cichlid fishes. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences from 318 individuals spanning the geographical ranges of all three currently recognized Amatitlania species strongly supported one major clade, with a relatively diverged subclade corresponding to A. kanna samples from eastern Costa Rica and Panama. Gene trees and networks revealed marked incongruences between phylogeographic structure and morpho-species taxonomy as a result of species-level polyphyly. Bayes factor comparisons of species delimitation models accounting for incomplete lineage sorting under the multispecies coalescent …

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A Global Vaccine Injury Compensation System, Sam F. Halabi, Saad B. Ommer Jan 2017

A Global Vaccine Injury Compensation System, Sam F. Halabi, Saad B. Ommer

Faculty Publications

Vaccines are extremely safe and harm is rare. Worldwide, more than 30000 vaccine doses are delivered per second through routine immunization programs, which, in turn, prevent an estimated 2 million to 3 million deaths annually. Yet the specter of vaccine injury plays a central role in vaccine access and will continue to do so as vaccine technologies evolve.

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Zika, Pregnancy, And The Law, Sam F. Halabi Jan 2017

Zika, Pregnancy, And The Law, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

This Essay situates a crucial component of the public health response to Zika - the effort to develop a safe and effective vaccine - within the broader literature. It does so in an effort to highlight the need to revisit the relationship between law and pregnancy - not only in the areas legal scholars have prioritized so far, but also in the context of routine and emergency maternal health, which has heretofore been largely assumed to be governed by straightforward norms and practices based on medical evidence and physician ethics. In fact, whereas the current literature tends to assume or …

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Book Review: Divergent Paths: The Academy And The Judiciary, S. I. Strong Jan 2017

Book Review: Divergent Paths: The Academy And The Judiciary, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

Judge Richard Posner's most recent book, Divergent Paths: The Academy and the Judiciary touches on a number of important issues, but the most revolutionary element involves Judge Posner's discussion of how the legal academy can assist with the education of current and future judges.

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The Double Abcx Model, Family Stress Theory, Risk, Protection, And Resilience In The Movie “Precious”, Cassandra Chaney Phd Jan 2017

The Double Abcx Model, Family Stress Theory, Risk, Protection, And Resilience In The Movie “Precious”, Cassandra Chaney Phd

Faculty Publications

The critically acclaimed movie Precious [1] highlights the multiple stressors and crises experienced by an abused Black teen female living in poverty. Given its introduction to the screen, scholars have yet to make critical connections between the family dynamics portrayed in this movie and a particular family theory. The purpose of this paper is to help scholars who teach family stress courses apply the experiences of this young woman and her family to McCubbin and Patterson’s [2] Double ABCX Model. Furthermore, this paper will examine the risk factors, the protective factors, and the resilience demonstrated by the movie’s protagonist, Claireece …

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Controls On Erosion In The Western Tarim Basin: Implications For The Uplift Of Northwest Tibet And The Pamir, Peter D. Clift, Hongbo Zheng, Andrew Carter, Philipp Böning, Tara N. Jonell, Hannah Schorr, Xin Shan, Katharina Pahnke, Xiaochun Wei, Tammy Rittenour Jan 2017

Controls On Erosion In The Western Tarim Basin: Implications For The Uplift Of Northwest Tibet And The Pamir, Peter D. Clift, Hongbo Zheng, Andrew Carter, Philipp Böning, Tara N. Jonell, Hannah Schorr, Xin Shan, Katharina Pahnke, Xiaochun Wei, Tammy Rittenour

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Geological Society of America. We present here bulk sediment major element chemistry, Nd and Sr isotope ratios, and detrital apatite fission-track (AFT) and U-Pb zircon ages to characterize the provenance of the southwestern Taklimakan Desert (northwest China) and the three major rivers draining this region. We establish the spatial and temporal controls on erosion and sediment transport in the modern Tibetan rain shadow. The Hotan River drains the North Kunlun block and is characterized by zircon populations at 160-230 Ma and 370-520 Ma. The Yarkand River shares these grains with the Hotan, but also has a very prominent …

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Metabolic Responses To Arsenite In Rice Seedlings That Differed In Grain Arsenic Concentration, D. Jo Heuschele, Shannon R.M. Pinson, Aaron P. Smith Jan 2017

Metabolic Responses To Arsenite In Rice Seedlings That Differed In Grain Arsenic Concentration, D. Jo Heuschele, Shannon R.M. Pinson, Aaron P. Smith

Faculty Publications

© Crop Science Society of America. Arsenic (As) occurs naturally in the environment, and is present in all edible and nonedible plant tissues. Plants have multiple mechanisms to prevent plant injury by heavy metals such as As. These same mechanisms could be used to reduce accumulation of As in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains. From previous study of 1765 international rice accessions, specific accessions were identified as having exceptionally high grain As concentrations (grain As accumulators) and others low grain As (grain As excluders). This study investigated As uptake, transport, and metabolism in six previously identified lines to determine which …

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2-Deoxyglucose Inhibits Induction Of Chemokine Expression In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes And Adipose Tissue Explants, Ryan W. Grant, Jacqueline I. Boudreaux, Jacqueline M. Stephens Jan 2017

2-Deoxyglucose Inhibits Induction Of Chemokine Expression In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes And Adipose Tissue Explants, Ryan W. Grant, Jacqueline I. Boudreaux, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Obesity Society Objective: To determine the influence of glycolytic inhibition on the adipocyte inflammatory response. Methods: To determine the effect of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) on the inflammatory response, mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were co-treated with 2-DOG and LPS or TNF. To determine the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on TNF-induced induction of chemokines, adipocytes were pretreated with thapsigargin or salubrinal. Chemokine mRNA levels were determined using quantitative real-time PCR, and secretion of CCL2 was determined by Western blot. Results: 2-DOG treatment reduced the ability of LPS and TNF to induce CCL2 mRNA levels and reduced secreted CCL2 protein levels …

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Oncostatin M Impairs Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Function And The Browning Of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue, David Sánchez-Infantes, Rubén Cereijo, Marion Peyrou, Irene Piquer-Garcia, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Francesc Villarroya Jan 2017

Oncostatin M Impairs Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Function And The Browning Of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue, David Sánchez-Infantes, Rubén Cereijo, Marion Peyrou, Irene Piquer-Garcia, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Francesc Villarroya

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Obesity Society Objective: Since oncostatin m (OSM) is elevated in adipose tissue in conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes in mice and humans, the aim of this study was to determine whether this cytokine plays a crucial role in the impairment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and browning capacity that has been observed in people with obesity. Methods: C57BL/6J mice rendered obese by high-fat diet, their lean controls, and C57BL/6J mice fed a standard diet and implanted subcutaneously with a mini pump through a surgical procedure to deliver OSM or placebo were used. Preadipocytes or …

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Db / Db Mice Exhibit Features Of Human Type 2 Diabetes That Are Not Present In Weight-Matched C57bl/6j Mice Fed A Western Diet, Susan J. Burke, Heidi M. Batdorf, David H. Burk, Robert C. Noland, Adrianna E. Eder, Matthew S. Boulos, Michael D. Karlstad, J. Jason Collier Jan 2017

Db / Db Mice Exhibit Features Of Human Type 2 Diabetes That Are Not Present In Weight-Matched C57bl/6j Mice Fed A Western Diet, Susan J. Burke, Heidi M. Batdorf, David H. Burk, Robert C. Noland, Adrianna E. Eder, Matthew S. Boulos, Michael D. Karlstad, J. Jason Collier

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Susan J. Burke et al. To understand features of human obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) that can be recapitulated in the mouse, we compared C57BL/6J mice fed a Western-style diet (WD) to weight-matched genetically obese leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db). All mice were monitored for changes in body composition, glycemia, and total body mass. To objectively compare diet-induced and genetic models of obesity, tissue analyses were conducted using mice with similar body mass. We found that adipose tissue inflammation was present in both models of obesity. In addition, distinct alterations in metabolic flexibility were evident between WD-fed …

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The Biogeography Of Sodium In Neotropical Figs (Moraceae), Adriana Bravo, Kyle E. Harms Jan 2017

The Biogeography Of Sodium In Neotropical Figs (Moraceae), Adriana Bravo, Kyle E. Harms

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation Sodium is essential for animals but not for most plants. Terrestrial sodium comes largely from marine aerosols, so inland ecosystems should have greater potential for sodium limitation than coastal ecosystems. We report a significant decrease of sodium in fruits of four Neotropical Ficus species with distance from presumed marine source.

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Two New Species And A New Combination In Protium (Burseraceae) From Costa Rica, Daniel Santamaría-Aguilar, Laura P. Lagomarsino Jan 2017

Two New Species And A New Combination In Protium (Burseraceae) From Costa Rica, Daniel Santamaría-Aguilar, Laura P. Lagomarsino

Faculty Publications

© D. Santamaría-Aguilar, L.P. Lagomarsino. Two new species of Protium (Burseraceae) are described and illustrated: Protium aguilarii sp. nov., from the Pacific slope of the Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica; and P. hammelii sp. nov., from wet forests on the Caribbean slopes of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. In addition, Protium brenesii comb. nov., is proposed as a new combination based on Trichilia brenesii, a name that was based on a specimen collected with flowers in the mountains near San Ramón, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica. It is compared with P. costaricense, a similar species with which it has been confused …

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Regulation Of Metabolic Pathways By Marr Family Transcription Factors, Anne Grove Jan 2017

Regulation Of Metabolic Pathways By Marr Family Transcription Factors, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Author Bacteria have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for regulation of metabolic pathways. Such regulatory circuits ensure that anabolic pathways remain repressed unless final products are in short supply and that catabolic enzymes are not produced in absence of their substrates. The precisely tuned gene activity underlying such circuits is in the purview of transcription factors that may bind pathway intermediates, which in turn modulate transcription factor function and therefore gene expression. This review focuses on the role of ligand-responsive MarR family transcription factors in controlling expression of genes encoding metabolic enzymes and the mechanisms by which such control …

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Local Alignment Of Ligand Binding Sites In Proteins For Polypharmacology And Drug Repositioning, Michal Brylinski Jan 2017

Local Alignment Of Ligand Binding Sites In Proteins For Polypharmacology And Drug Repositioning, Michal Brylinski

Faculty Publications

© Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017. The administration of drugs is a key strategy in pharmacotherapy to treat diseases. Drugs are typically developed to modulate the function of specific proteins, which are directly associated with particular disease states. Nonetheless, recent studies suggest that protein-drug interactions are rather promiscuous and the majority of pharmaceuticals exhibit activity against multiple, often unrelated proteins. Certainly, the lack of selectivity often leads to drug side effects; on the other hand, these polypharmacological attributes can be used to develop drugs acting on multiple targets within a unique disease pathway, as well as to identify new targets …

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Characterizing The Pyrenophora Teres F. Maculata-Barley Interaction Using Pathogen Genetics, Steven A. Carlsen, Anjan Neupane, Nathan A. Wyatt, Jonathan K. Richards, Justin D. Faris, Steven S. Xu, Robert S. Brueggeman, Timothy L. Friesen Jan 2017

Characterizing The Pyrenophora Teres F. Maculata-Barley Interaction Using Pathogen Genetics, Steven A. Carlsen, Anjan Neupane, Nathan A. Wyatt, Jonathan K. Richards, Justin D. Faris, Steven S. Xu, Robert S. Brueggeman, Timothy L. Friesen

Faculty Publications

Pyrenophora teres f. maculata is the cause of the foliar disease spot form net blotch (SFNB) on barley. To evaluate pathogen genetics underlying the P. teres f. maculata-barley interaction, we developed a 105-progeny population by crossing two globally diverse isolates, one from North Dakota and the other from Western Australia. Progeny were phenotyped on a set of four barley genotypes showing a differential reaction to the parental isolates, then genotyped using a restriction site-associated-genotype-by-sequencing (RAD-GBS) approach. Genetic maps were developed for use in quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to identify virulence-associated QTL. Six QTL were identified on five different linkage …

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Sex-Specific Inhibition And Stimulation Of Worker-Reproductive Transition In A Termite, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Jordan D. Hampton, Xuguo Zhou Jan 2017

Sex-Specific Inhibition And Stimulation Of Worker-Reproductive Transition In A Termite, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Jordan D. Hampton, Xuguo Zhou

Faculty Publications

In social insects, the postembryonic development of individuals exhibits strong phenotypic plasticity in response to the environment, thus generating the caste system. Different from eusocial Hymenoptera, in which queens dominate reproduction and inhibit worker fertility, the primary reproductive caste in termites (kings and queens) can be replaced by neotenic reproductives derived from functionally sterile individuals. Feedback regulation of nestmate differentiation into reproductives has been suggested, but the sex specificity remains inconclusive. In the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, we tested the hypothesis that neotenic reproductives regulate worker-reproductive transition in a sex-specific manner. With this R. flavipes system, we demonstrate a …

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Biology And Management Of The Buck Moth, Hemileuca Maia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), T. D. Schowalter, D. R. Ring Jan 2017

Biology And Management Of The Buck Moth, Hemileuca Maia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), T. D. Schowalter, D. R. Ring

Faculty Publications

The genus Hemileuca Walker (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is widespread across North America, with about 20 species, including the buck moth, Hemileuca maia (Drury). This species is important as a periodic defoliator in oak forests of the eastern United States but is not considered to be destructive to forest resources. Buck moth populations are regulated naturally by environmental factors, particularly foliage quality, predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. The buck moth has become a species of conservation concern in northern states, where it is threatened by habitat loss, fire suppression and other anthropogenic changes in habitat conditions, and perhaps by parasitoids introduced to control …

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Biology And Management Of The Texas Leafcutting Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), T. D. Schowalter, D. R. Ring Jan 2017

Biology And Management Of The Texas Leafcutting Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), T. D. Schowalter, D. R. Ring

Faculty Publications

Leafcutting ants are primarily a tropical group, but three species, particularly the Texas leafcutting ant, Atta texana (Buckley) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), occur in the southern United States. Leafcutting ants provide an example of the complexity of ecological interactions. As a result of extensive defoliation and nest excavation, these ants influence vegetation cover, soil structure, and water fluxes over a significant portion of the landscape. They also can be severe forest and crop pests, and collapse of their extensive underground colonies can undermine roads and structures. In Texas, they are considered the second most important pest in pine plantations, following southern pine …

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