Digital Commons Network^™

Hematite And Calcite Coatings On Fossil Vertebrates, B. A.O. Huiming, Paul L. Koch, Robert P. Hepple

Faculty Publications

Hematite coatings are common on vertebrate fossils from Paleocene/Eocene paleosol deposits in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. In general, hematite coatings are found only on fossils and are limited to soils exhibiting hydromorphic features and moderate maturity. Pétrographie and isotopic evidence suggests that hematite and micritic calcite formed at nearly the same time in a pedogenic environment, whereas sparry calcite formed later at greater burial depths. The parent material of paleosols is rich in iron, supplying an ample source of iron for hematite formation. Decomposition of animal tissues around bones may enhance the weathering of iron-bearing minerals in soils surrounding carcasses, …

Chaos, Complexity, And Coevolution: The Web Of Law, Management Theory, And Law Related Services At The Millennium, Thomas Geu

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Anthropoid Agents, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh

Faculty Publications

In the study of agents on the Internet, we often ascribe to them human qualities, such as beliefs and intentions. These qualities are best understood as metaphors that give developers a way to talk about and design the capabilities and applications of agents. Despite all the progress in computing, users have been slow to accept the technology. They have often accepted what was thrown at them, but only under economic duress. Bringing the technology closer to their emotional needs might ease this resistance. So how can we put a human face on computing? Maybe by putting an animated face on …

Teaching Law Students Through Individual Learning Styles, Robin A. Boyle, Rita Dunn

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

Teaching can be rewarding, but it can also be frustrating when some students fail to grasp the material. Professor Robin A. Boyle of St. John’s University School of Law has been teaching Legal Research and Writing in small sections of approximately twenty to thirty students for four years. She, like many of her similarly exasperated colleagues, has repeated the same course content by using either lecture or collaborative learning, and has observed some students doing well, whereas others continued to perform poorly. Then, Dr. Rita Dunn was introduced to the law school faculty and suggested that law professors incorporate …

Characterization Of Sol-Gel-Derived Cobalt Oxide Xerogels As Electrochemical Capacitors, Chuan Lin, James A. Ritter, Branko N. Popov

Faculty Publications

Very fine cobalt oxide xerogel powders were prepared using a unique solution chemistry associated with the sol-gel process. The effect of thermal treatment on the surface area, pore volume, crystallinity, particle structure, and corresponding electrochemical properties of the resulting xerogels was investigated and found to have significant effects on all of these properties. The xerogel remained amorphous as Co(OH)₂ up to 160°C, and exhibited maxima in both the surface area and pore volume at this temperature. With an increase in the temperature above 200°C, both the surface area and pore volume decreased sharply, because the amorphous Co(OH)₂ decomposed …

Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Π-Systems As Lithium/Hydrogen Bond Acceptors: Some Theoretical Observations, Salai Cheettu Ammal, P. Venuvanalingam

Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations at the Hartree–Fock and correlated levels and density functional theory calculations have been performed with 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p)basis sets on LiF and HF complexes of benzene, ethylene, and acetylene. Complex binding energies have been corrected for basis set superposition error, and zero point energy corrections have been done on Hartree–Fock binding energies. Computed results indicate that the complexes exist in different conformations and among them those with π-lithium and π-hydrogen bonds are the most stable. π-lithium bonds are stronger than π-hydrogen bonds. The computed binding energies and geometry of HF complexes correlate well with the available experimental …

Ab Initio And Dft Investigations Of Lithium/Hydrogen Bonded Complexes Of Trimethylamine, Dimethyl Ether And Dimethyl Sulfide, Salai Cheettu Ammal, P. Venuvanalingam

Faculty Publications

Ab initio and DFT computations have been carried out on LiF and HF complexes of a set of n-donors viz. trimethylamine, dimethyl ether and dimethyl sulfide with a 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. The effect of correlation has been included with MP2, MP4 and DFT calculations. NBO analyses of the wavefunctions have been performed to examine the intermolecular interaction at the orbital level. Calculations reveal that these donors form strong n→σ* complexes and computed binding energies of the (CH₃)₂O···HF complex agree very well with the experimental binding energies from IR spectroscopy. LiF forms stronger complexes than HF, …

Bureaucracy In The Postmodern World: Problems And Solutions, Paul C. Godfrey, Grant C. Madsen

Faculty Publications

This paper considers the problems presented by modern bureaucratic organizations within the framework of postmodern philosophy. Bureaucracy represents the logical outcome of the rational tradition in western philosophy. Because of their efficiency properties, individuals are both the beneficiaries and victims of bureaucratic behavior. We suggest that a solution to these problems will not be found by using existing philosophical frameworks. The French philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard presents a model of postmodern relationships based on language games. We explore the concept of language games within bureaucratic settings.

Justifying Racial Reform, Davison M. Douglas

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Coastal Marine Science For Law And Business Students: Preparing Law And Business Professionals To Make "Informed Decisions" About Coastal Issues, David H. Niebuhr, Lynda L. Butler, Don Rahtz, Britt E. Anderson, April N. Lawrence

Faculty Publications

The rigors of employment-directed undergraduate education. and decreased emphasis on "Liberal Arts" studies occurring at some colleges and universities has left many graduates with a level of scientific understanding which is inadequate to make infonned choices about issues which effect the environment. To address this lack of scientific understanding. the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Virginia) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, with the Marshall-Wythe School of Law and the School of Business Administration of the College of William and Mary are developing a Coastal Ecosystem Science Program to teach future law and business professionals the basics of …

Supernumerary Teeth In Pleistocene, Recent, And Hybrid Individuals Of The Spermophilus Richardsonii Complex (Sciuridae), H. Thomas Goodwin

Faculty Publications

A supernumerary distal upper molar, always expressed bilaterally, occurred in Pleistocene (one of 204) and Recent (five of 1,667) specimens of the Spermophilus richardsonii complex. Among Recent specimens with the abnormality, three of four with known provenance came from adjacent colonies with hybrids of S. richardsonii (Richardson's ground squirrel) and S. elegans (Wyoming ground squirrel). Elsewhere, the trait was rare in S. richardsonii (one of 947) and absent in S. elegans (out of 668). Affected individuals exhibited normal P3-M2, but two aberrant teeth distal to M2. Aberrant teeth exhibited a mosaic of features typical of M2, M3, and atypical of …

Family Generativity And Generative Counseling: Helping Families Keep Faith With The Next Generation, David C. Dollahite, Brent D. Slife, Alan J. Hawkins

Faculty Publications

Counselors who are concerned with strengthening and healing relationships between generations can draw on the concept of generativity to assist them. This chapter invites counselors to grant a more prominent place for generativity in clinical work with families by (a) presenting the concept of family generativity as a logical extension of the generativity concept and (b) presenting some initial ideas on the new approach to clinical work designed to help families develop and sustain family generativity, which we call generative counseling. Generative counseling is illustrated by use of a clinical example, which is introduced briefly in a subsequent section …

A Mathematical Model For Fibroblast And Collagen Orientation, J. C. Dallon, J. A. Sherratt

Faculty Publications

Due to the increasing importance of the extracellular matrix in many biological problems, in this paper we develop a model for fibroblast and collagen orientation with the ultimate objective of understanding how fibroblasts form and remodel the extracellular matrix, in particular its collagen component. The model uses integro-differential equations to describe the interaction between the cells and fibers at a point in space with various orientations. The equations are studied both analytically and numerically to discover different types of solutions and their behavior. In particular we examine solutions where all the fibroblasts and collagen have discrete orientations, a localized continuum …

Management, Adaptation And Large-Scale Environmental Change, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Cynthia M. Duncan, Nicholas E. Flanders

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Local Data Assimilation In Specification Of Open Boundary Conditions, Igor Shulman

Faculty Publications

A data assimilation approach to specify open boundary conditions is proposed. The boundary values are determined from the solution of the special optimization problem: minimization of the difference between the model and reference boundary values under the integral constraints on the open boundary. These constraints represent the energy, momentum, and mass fluxes through the open boundary. Reference values represent the a priori knowledge about the boundary values. They might be derived from observations, results of another model run, or from another approach to the specification of open boundary conditions. Optimized open boundary conditions are presented in detail for the barotropic …

The L3 Neuron And An Associated Prothoracic Network Are Involved In Calling Song Recognition By Female Crickets, John Stout, Nathan Carlson, Hilary Bingol, James Ramseier, Michael Bronsert, Gordon Atkins

Faculty Publications

In young virgin Acheta domesticus females, the spiking response of the prothoracic L3 auditory interneuron discriminates between calling songs (CSs) with phonotactically attractive and unattractive syllable periods (SPs), which parallels phonotactic discrimination. Presentation of a CS with an originally attractive SP, but with the intensity modulated so as to minimize L3's selective response, results in a CS with little phonotactic attractiveness. Conversely, a CS with an originally unattractive SP becomes much more attractive when the CS is intensity modulated in ways that duplicate L3's selective response. L3's discriminatory response to CS SP deteriorates with age, in parallel with decreased phonotactic …

Finite Difference Of Adjoint Or Adjoint Of Finite Difference?, Ziv Sirkes, Eli Tziperman

Faculty Publications

Adjoint models are used for atmospheric and oceanic sensitivity studies in order to efficiently evaluate the sensitivity of a cost function (e.g., the temperature or pressure at some target time t(f), averaged over some region of interest) with respect to the three-dimensional model initial conditions. The time-dependent sensitivity, that is the sensitivity to initial conditions as function of the initial time t(i), may be obtained directly and most efficiently from the adjoint model solution. There are two approaches to formulating an adjoint of a given model. In the first (''finite difference of adjoint''), one derives the continuous adjoint equations from …

A 110,000‐Year History Of Change In Continental Biogenic Emissions And Related Atmospheric Circulation Inferred From The Greenland Ice Sheet Project Ice Core, L. David Meeker, Paul A. Mayewski, Mark S. Twickler, Sallie I. Whitlow, Debra A. Meese

Faculty Publications

The 110,000‐year record of ammonium concentrations from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core provides the basis for an analysis of terrestrial biological production and atmospheric circulation patterns involved in the transport of biologically produced ammonium to the Greenland atmosphere. The directly measured concentration series was selected for analysis, rather than that of estimated ammonium flux, after a detailed analysis of the relationship among ice core glaciochemical concentrations and a high‐resolution simultaneous record of snow accumulation from the GISP2 core. Analysis of the ammonium concentration series shows that maxima in background levels of ammonium in the Greenland atmosphere …

Predator Deterrence And 2,4-Dibromophenol Conservation By The Enteropneusts Saccoglossus Bromophenolosus And Protoglossus Graveolens, Cem Giray, Gary M. King

Faculty Publications

Saccoglossus bromophenolosus King et al., 1994 and Protoglossus graveolens Giray and King, 1996 contain high concentrations of 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP), the function of which is uncertain. Mature enteropneusts that were collected from the field and maintained in vitro without bromide retained DBP, which is inconsistent with active DBP secretion into the burrow environment. DBP was also conserved during field manipulations that decreased food availability in situ. Further, DBP did not deter predation in feeding experiments with the anomuran crab Pagurus longicarpus and the polychaetes Glycera dibranchiata, Nereis virens and Nepthys incisa. The hermit crabs fed on S. bromophenolosus readily, and in …

Socioeconomic Status And Health In Blacks And Whites: The Problem Of Residual Confounding And The Resiliency Of Race, Jay S. Kaufman, Richard S. Cooper, Daniel L. Mcgee

Faculty Publications

A large number of epidemiologic studies have focused on racial/ethnic differences, particularly between blacks and whites. Because health endpoints and racial categorizations are associated with socioeconomic status, investigator, generally adjust for socioeconomic indicators. The intention is usually to control for confounding, thereby making groups comparable and excluding socioeconomic status as an alternative explanation to hypotheses of innate physiologic differences. A threat to the validity of these analyses is therefore the presence of residual confounding. We identify four potential sources of residual confounding in this analytical design: categorization of socioeconomic status variables, measurement error in socioeconomic indicators, use of aggregated socioeconomic …

Major Features Of Glaciochemistry Over The Last 110,000 Years In The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core, Qinzhao Yang, Paul A. Mayewski, Mark S. Twickler, Sallie I. Whitlow

Faculty Publications

Major chemical species (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and δ18O covering the last 110,000 years from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core were utilized in this study in order to reconstruct the soluble chemistry of the atmosphere over Greenland and interpret major climate events that have affected the region. During the Holocene the major chemical species and δ18O do not display any significant relationship. However, a strong inverse correlation was found between concentrations of the major chemical species and δ18O (a proxy for temperature) during the last glacial period, suggesting that in general during …

Identification And Characterization Of Two Polymorphic Ya5 Alu Repeats, Santosh S. Arcot, Margaret M. Deangelis, Stephen T. Sherry, Aaron W. Adamson, Jane E. Lamerdin, Prescott L. Deininger, Anthony V. Carrano, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

Two new polymorphic Alu elements (HS2.25 and HS4.14) belonging to the young (Ya5/8) subfamily of human-specific Alu repeats have been identified. DNA sequence analysis of both Alu repeats revealed that each Alu repeat had a long 3'-oligo-dA-rich tail (41 and 52 nucleotides in length) and a low level of random mutations. HS2.25 and HS4.14 were flanked by short precise direct repeats of 8 and 14 nucleotides in length, respectively. HS2.25 was located on human chromosome 13, and HS4.14 on chromosome 1. Both Alu elements were absent from the orthologous positions within the genomes of non-human primates, and were highly polymorphic …

Relationship Satisfaction: Impact And Consequences For Women's Emotional Health And Treatment, Carolyn I. Wright, Dean M. Busby

Faculty Publications

This study uses feminist theory to examine the variables of relationship length and relationship satisfaction as predicators of both self-esteem and emotional functioning for women. Using a national sample of data gathered from 1,257 female survey respondents this study found significant relationships between emotional functioning, self-esteem, and self-reported relationship satisfaction which was supported by regression testing and path analysis. In addition, a significant negative relationship was noted between a woman's self-esteem and her with-holding of verbalized displeasure or disagreement with her partner. Implications for women in therapy were discussed.

A Fluid In Contact With A Semipermeable Surface: Second-Order Integral Equation Approach, Douglas Henderson, Pawel Bryk, Stefan Sokolowski

Faculty Publications

An integral equation approach for a binary hard-sphere mixture interacting with a planar semipermeable wall (membrane) is formulated by using the second-order nonuniform or pair Ornstein–Zernike equation as well as the usual singlet Ornstein–Zernike equation. The results of the pair theory are compared with those obtained from the singlet theory and with computer simulation data. The pair approach is more accurate than the singlet theory.

Age-Dependent Increase In Ortho-Tyrosine And Methionine Sulfoxide In Human Skin Collagen Is Not Accelerated In Diabetes: Evidence Against A Generalized Increase In Oxidative Stress In Diabetes, Mary C. Wells-Knecht, Timothy J. Lyons, David R. Mccance, Suzanne R. Thorpe, John W. Baynes

Faculty Publications

The glycoxidation products Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine increase in skin collagen with age and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Their age-adjusted concentrations in skin collagen are correlated with the severity of diabetic complications. To determine the relative roles of increased glycation and/or oxidation in the accelerated formation of glycoxidation products in diabetes, we measured levels of amino acid oxidation products, distinct from glycoxidative modifications of amino acids, as independent indicators of oxidative stress and damage to collagen in aging and diabetes. We show that ortho-tyrosine and methionine sulfoxide are formed in concert with Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine during glycoxidation of collagen …

Hypertension In Blacks, R. Cooper, C. Rotimi

Faculty Publications

The excess of hypertension among blacks has been recognized since early in this century and explains a substantial portion of the black health disadvantage. In a cohort study begun in the 1970s, hypertension accounted for 20% of all-cause mortality among blacks, compared to 10% among whites. National data on trends in hypertension (140/90 mm Hg or treatment) prevalence from 1960 to 1990 suggest a decline from 44% to 32%, although differences in survey technique likely account for this pattern. During this period the prevalence ratio of black:white remained constant at 1.5, suggesting that secular trends in causal factors, if any, …

In Vivo Kinetics Of A Redox-Regulated Transcriptional Switch, Huangen Ding, Bruce Demple

Faculty Publications

SoxR is a transcription activator governing a cellular response to superoxide and nitric oxide in Escherichia coli. SoxR protein is a homodimer, and each monomer has a redox-active [2Fe-2S] cluster. Oxidation and reduction of the [2Fe-2S] clusters can reversibly activate and inactivate SoxR transcriptional activity. Here, we use electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to follow the redox-switching process of SoxR protein in vivo. SoxR [2Fe-2S] clusters were in the fully reduced state during normal aerobic growth, but were completely oxidized after only 2-min aerobic exposure of the cells to superoxide-generating agents such as paraquat. The oxidized SoxR [2Fe-2S] clusters were rapidly …

Property Fields In An Effluent Plume Of The Mississippi River, G. L. Hitchcock, W. J. Wiseman, W. C. Boicourt, A. J. Mariano, N. Walker, T. A. Nelsen, E. Ryan

Faculty Publications

Surface property distributions were mapped in the Mississippi River plume during May and August, 1993 while following surface drifters. Prevailing winds were the primary factor controlling the orientation of the plume. In May, under typical southeasterly winds, the plume turned anticyclonically towards the coast, while in August, under anomalous westerly winds, the plume turned east. Remote imagery of sea surface temperature and suspended sediments confirmed the direction of the plume. Optimally interpolated maps of surface salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and transmissivity from underway sampling, and periodic nutrient samples, reveal the plume structure. In May concentrations of nitrate, silicate, and …

Evolution And Nebulousness In Theories, Barry N. Markovsky

Faculty Publications

Social scientists have a clear choice in how they may approach theory development. One path leads to "nebulous" theories that lack any real explanatory power. The other path capitalizes on evolutionary principles of variation and selection, vastly increasing the chances for explanatory success. I illustrate these ideas by reference to "artificial life" programs, and discuss the implications for theory construction in the social sciences.