Digital Commons Network^™

Comparison Of Tree Condition And Value For City Parks And Stephen F. Austin State University In Nacogdoches, Texas, U.S., David Kulhavy, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Di Wu, Jianghua Sun

Faculty Publications

Trees in landscapes are valued for physical as well as aesthetic benefits and biodiversity. Trees on a university campus and in city parks also help to provide an environment in which students and visitors can study and relax. A critical decision facing urban foresters, arborists, and planners involves deciding when an existing tree should be removed and replaced; it is a decision often based on an evaluation of the tree’s health, condition, and safety concerns. This project surveyed a total of 3,335 trees with 79 species on the campus of Stephen F. Austin State University (Nacogdoches, Texas, U.S.) and 1,572 …

What Type Of Relationship Do We Have With Loved Brands?, Marc Fetscherin

Faculty Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a discussion, testing and comparing two different relationship theories and their underlying scales as applied to brand love. Current brand love studies neglect a detailed discussion and analysis of the appropriate relationship theory and underlying measurement scale to be used. Design/methodology/approach – We use a 2 × 2 experimental design where we compare two relationship theories (interpersonal versus parasocial) across two samples (USA and Japan). Model testing were conducted using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group structural equation modeling techniques assessing the type of relationship consumers have with …

The Effects Of Social Networking Site (Sns) Use On College Students’ Friendship And Well-Being, Jin-Liang Wang, Linda A. Jackson, James Gaskin, Hai-Zhen Wang

Faculty Publications

The present study was conducted with two goals in mind: (1) to examine the influence of using different types of SNS use on users’ well-being, and (2) to examine the mediating roles of online self-disclosure and friendship quality in the relationship between types of SNS use and well-being. Participants were from two large 4-year undergraduate universities in Southwestern China. The study was conducted during Spring semester, 2013, using advertisements that described the nature of the research and indicated that compensation for participation was U10 (about $1.5 U.S.). Of the 402 students approached, 337 completed the survey (i.e., response rate was …

Reevaluating The Conceptual Framework For Applied Research On Host-Plant Resistance, Michael J. Stout

Faculty Publications

Applied research on host-plant resistance to arthropod pests has been guided over the past 60 years by a framework originally developed by Reginald Painter in his 1951 book, Insect Resistance in Crop Plants. Painter divided the "phenomena" of resistance into three "mechanisms," nonpreference (later renamed antixenosis), antibiosis, and tolerance. The weaknesses of this framework are discussed. In particular, this trichotomous framework does not encompass all known mechanisms of resistance, and the antixenosis and antibiosis categories are ambiguous and inseparable in practice. These features have perhaps led to a simplistic approach to understanding arthropod resistance in crop plants. A dichotomous scheme …

Chinese Overseas M&A: Overcoming Cultural And Organizational Divides, Francesca Spigarelli, Attilio Mucelli, Ilan Alon

Faculty Publications

This article contributes to the existing knowledge on the difficulties and critical aspects of the post-acquisition phase of an emerging market multinational. To establish the context, a literature review on multinational companies from emerging countries, and specifically on the internationalization initiatives of Chinese companies, is provided, along with a framework to analyze cultural and management-related differences related to mergers and acquisitions (M&As). This review and framework is followed by a case study of a Chinese motorbike M&A in Italy. The case illustrates how Chinese companies use Italy to access Western markets (and strategic logistical services), as well as a wide …

Upturn Observed In Heavy Nuclei To Iron Ratios By The Atic-2 Experiment, A. D. Panov, N. V. Sokolskaya, V. I. Zatsepin, J. H. Adams, H. S. Ahn, G. L. Bashindzhagyan, J. Chang, M. Christl, A. R. Fazely, T. G. Guzik, J. Isbert, K. C. Kim, E. N. Kouznetsov, M. I. Panasyuk, E. S. Seo, J. W. Watts, J. P. Wefel, J. Wu

Faculty Publications

The ratios of fluxes of heavy nuclei from sulfur (Z=16) to chromium (Z=24) to the flux of iron were measured by the ATIC-2 experiment. The ratios are decreasing functions of energy from 5 GeV/n to approximately 80 GeV/n, as expected. However, an unexpected sharp upturn in the ratios are observed for energies above 100 GeV/n for all elements from Z=16 to Z=24. Similar upturn but with lower amplitude was also discovered in the ATIC-2 data for the ratio of fluxes of abundant even nuclei (C, O, Ne, Mg, Si) to the flux of iron. Therefore the spectrum of iron is …

Estimates Of Body Mass For Fossil Giant Ground Squirrels, Genus Paenemarmota, H. Thomas Goodwin, Kelsey M. Bullock

Faculty Publications

Paenemarmota Hibbard and Schultz, 1948 includes 3 species of giant ground squirrels within Marmotini (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the Late Miocene and Pliocene of central and western North America. We developed skeletal and dental models for estimating body mass across modern species of Marmotini and apply these models to Paenemarmota. The most reliable models for estimating body mass of modern species (on the basis of length and width of femur, lengths of p4 and P4) generally yielded lower estimates of body mass for Paenemarmota than less reliable models (on the basis of lengths of m1, m2, M1, and M2). Models that …

Functional Analysis Of General Odorant Binding Protein 2 From The Meadow Moth, Loxostege Sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Jiao Yin, Honglin Feng, Hongyan Sun, Jinghui Xi, Yazhong Cao, Kebin Li

Faculty Publications

Odorant binding proteins play a crucial role in transporting semiochemicals across the sensillum lymph to olfactory receptors within the insect antennal sensilla. In this study, the general odorant binding protein 2 gene was cloned from the antennae of Loxostege sticticalis, using reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Recombinant LstiGOBP2 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni ion affinity chromatography. Real-time PCR assays indicated that LstiGOBP2 mRNA is expressed mainly in adult antennae, with expression levels differing with developmental age. Ligand-binding experiments using N-phenyl-naphthylamine (1-NPN) as a fluorescent probe demonstrated that the LstiGOBP2 protein has binding …

Effects Of An Invasive Plant, Chinese Tallow (Triadica Sebifera), On Development And Survival Of Anuran Larvae, Taylor B. Cotten, Matthew Kwiatkowski, Daniel Saenz, Michael Collyer

Faculty Publications

Amphibians are considered one of the most threatened vertebrate groups. Although numerous studies have addressed the many causes of amphibian population decline, little is known about effects of invasive plants. Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) is an exotic deciduous tree that has invaded the southeastern United States. Amphibian larvae in environments invaded by T. sebifera may be impacted negatively as autumn leaf litter decomposes in natal areas. We compared effects of leaf litter decomposition from T. sebifera and two native tree species on survival and development of four species of anuran larvae from eastern Texas. Larvae from Pseudacris fouquettei, Lithobates (Rana) …

Arbitration Of Trust Disputes: Two Bodies Of Law Collide, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

This article considers the various issues that arise when two separate bodies of law – trust law and arbitration law – collide, using recent developments in the field of international commercial arbitration to address some of the more intransigent problems facing trust arbitration. The article focuses on five areas of concern: the potential for impermissible ouster of the courts, the operability and effectiveness of the arbitration provision, the extent to which the arbitration provision is binding on the party against whom arbitration is asserted, proper representation of parties and arbitrability. In so doing, this article introduces a number of new …

Discrimination, Perceived Social Inequity, And Mental Health Among Rural-To-Urban Migrants In China, Danhua Li, Xiaoming Li, Bo Wang, Yan Hong, Xiaoyi Fang, Xiong Qin, Bonita Stanton

Faculty Publications

Status-based discrimination and inequity have been associated with the process of migration, especially with economics-driven internal migration. However, their association with mental health among economy-driven internal migrants in developing countries is rarely assessed. This study examines discriminatory experiences and perceived social inequity in relation to mental health status among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Cross-sectional data were collected from 1,006 rural-to-urban migrants in 2004-2005 in Beijing, China. Participants reported their perceptions and experiences of being discriminated in daily life in urban destination and perceived social inequity. Mental health was measured using the symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90). Multivariate analyses using general linear model …

A Comparative Study Of Salt Tolerance Parameters In 11 Wild Relatives Of Arabidopsis Thaliana, Francesco Orsini, Matilde Paino D'Urzo, Gunsu Inan, Sara Serra, Dong Ha Oh, Michael V. Mickelbart, Federica Consiglio, Xia Li, Jae Cheol Jeong, Dae Jin Yun, Hans J. Bohnert, Ray A. Bressan, Albino Maggio

Faculty Publications

Salinity is an abiotic stress that limits both yield and the expansion of agricultural crops to new areas. In the last 20 years our basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant tolerance and adaptation to saline environments has greatly improved owing to active development of advanced tools in molecular, genomics, and bioinformatics analyses. However, the full potential of investigative power has not been fully exploited, because the use of halophytes as model systems in plant salt tolerance research is largely neglected. The recent introduction of halophytic Arabidopsis-Relative Model Species (ARMS) has begun to compare and relate several unique genetic resources …

Fatty-Acids And Their Δ 13C Characteristics Of Seep Carbonates From The Northern Continental Slope Of Gulf Of Mexico, Hong Xiang Guan, Dong Feng, Neng You Wu, Duo Fu Chen, H. H. Roberts, Dai Dai Wu

Faculty Publications

Here we reported the fatty-acids and their δ C values in seep carbonates collected from Green Canyon lease block 185 (GC 185; Sample GC-F) at upper continental slope (water depth: ~540 m), and Alaminos Canyon lease block 645 (GC 645; Sample AC-E) at lower continental slope (water depth: ~2200 m) of the Gulf of Mexico. More than thirty kinds of fatty acids were detected in both samples. These fatty acids are maximized at C . There is a clear even-over-odd carbon number predominance in carbon number range. The fatty acids are mainly composed of n-fatty acids, iso-/anteiso-fatty acids and terminally …

Scientific Fraud, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

Although scientific fraud is rare, when it occurs, it needs to be identified and documented. This article discusses two of the most notorious cases in forensic science. Part I focuses on the misconduct of Fred Zain, a serologist with the West Virginia State Police crime laboratory and later with the County Medical Examiner’s laboratory in San Antonio, Texas. Part II examines the misconduct of Joyce Gilchrist, a forensic examiner with the Oklahoma City Police Department.

Empathy And Error Processing, Scott A. Baldwin, Michael J. Larson, Joseph E. Fair, Daniel A. Good

Faculty Publications

Recent research suggests a relationship between empathy and error processing. Error processing is an evaluativecontrol function that can be measured using post-error response time slowing and the error-related negativity (ERN)and post-error positivity (Pe) components of the event-related potential (ERP). Thirty healthy participants completedtwo measures of empathy, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ), and a modifiedStroop task. Post-error slowing was associated with increased empathic personal distress on the IRI. ERN amplitudewas related to overall empathy score on the EQ and the fantasy subscale of the IRI. The Pe and measures of empathywere not related. Results remained consistent …

Energy Spectra Of Abundant Nuclei Of Primary Cosmic Rays From The Data Of Atic-2 Experiment: Final Results, A. D. Panov, Jr H. Adams, H. S. Ahn, G. L. Bashinzhagyan, J. W. Watts, J. P. Wefel, J. Wu, O. Ganel, T. G. Guzik, V. I. Zatsepin, I. Isbert, K. C. Kim, M. Christl, E. N. Kouznetsov, M. I. Panasyuk, E. S. Seo, N. V. Sokolskaya, J. Chang, W. K.H. Schmidt, A. R. Fazely

Faculty Publications

The final results of processing the data from the balloon-born experiment ATIC-2 (Antarctica, 2002 - 2003) for the energy spectra of protons and He, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe nuclei, the spectrum of all particles, and the mean logarithm of atomic weight of primary cosmic rays as a function of energy are presented. The final results are based on improvement of the methods used earlier, in particular, considerably increased resolution of the charge spectrum. The preliminary conclusions on the significant difference in the spectra of protons and helium nuclei (the proton spectrum is steeper) and the non-power character …

A Remarkable Tiphiiform Wasp In Mid-Cretaceous Amber From Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), Michael S. Engel, Jaime Ortega-Blanco, Daniel J. Bennett

Faculty Publications

The first tiphiid wasp (Aculeata: Euaculeata: Vespoidea: Tiphiiformes) in Cretaceous amber is described and figured. Thanatotiphia nyx, new genus and species, is represented by a male entombed in mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) amber from Myanmar. Thanatotiphia possesses remarkable apomorphies in wing venation, lacks key traits of modern subfamilies, and is thus classified in a new subfamily, Thanatotiphiinae. The fossil is further shown to be nested well within the family, indicating that major lineages of Tiphiidae diverged by the mid-Cretaceous. The new taxon is compared with modern tiphiid subfamilies and the sparse fossil history of the family briefly overviewed.

Global Change And Eutrophication Of Coastal Waters, N N. Rabalais, R. Eugene Turner, R J. Diaz, D Justic, N N. Rabalais

Faculty Publications

The cumulative effects of global change, including climate change, increased population, and more intense industrialization and agri-business, will likely continue and intensify the course of eutrophication in estuarine and coastal waters. As a result, the symptoms of eutrophication, such as noxious and harmful algal blooms, reduced water quality, loss of habitat and natural resources, and severity of hypoxia (oxygen depletion) and its extent in estuaries and coastal waters will increase. Global climate changes will likely result in higher water temperatures, stronger stratification, and increased inflows of freshwater and nutrients to coastal waters in many areas of the globe. Both past …

Subcellular Localization Of Marine Bacterial Alkaline Phosphatases, H. Luo, Ronald Benner, R. A. Long, Jianjun Hu

Faculty Publications

Bacterial alkaline phosphatases (APases) are important enzymes in organophosphate utilization in the ocean. The subcellular localization of APases has significant ecological implications for marine biota but is largely unknown. The extensive metagenomic sequence databases from the Global Ocean Sampling Expedition provide an opportunity to address this question. A bioinformatics pipeline was developed to identify marine bacterial APases from the metagenomic databases, and a consensus classification algorithm was designed to predict their subcellular localizations. We identified 3,733 bacterial APase sequences (including PhoA, PhoD, and PhoX) and found that cytoplasmic (41%) and extracellular (30%) APases exceed their periplasmic (17%), outer membrane (12%), …

Ocean Urea Fertilization For Carbon Credits Poses High Ecological Risks, P.M. Glibert, R. Azanza, M. Burford, K. Furuya, E. Abal, A. Al-Azri, F. Al-Yamani, P. Andersen, D.M. Anderson, J. Beardall, G.M. Berg, L. Brand, D. Bronk, J. Brookes, J.M. Burkholder, A. Cembella, W.P. Cochlan, J.L. Collier, Y. Collos, R. Diaz, M. Doblin, T. Drennen, S. Dyhrman, Y. Fukuyo, M. Furnas, J. Galloway, E. Granéli, D.V. Ha, G. Hallegraeff, J. Harrison, P.J. Harrison, C.A. Heil, K. Heimann

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sedimentary Fabrics In The Authigenic Carbonates From Bush Hill: Implication For Seabed Fluid Flow And Its Dynamic Signature, D. Feng, Duofu Chen, H. H. Roberts

Faculty Publications

Seep carbonates, the product of cold seep fluids mediated by microbial activity, archive information on seabed fluid flow and microbiological processes that led to their formation. Sedimentary fabrics are well developed in the authigenic carbonate from active seep sites at Bush Hill, Green Canyon Block 185 of the Gulf of Mexico. This authigenic carbonate has much lower carbon isotope values than typical marine cements and the carbonate is concluded to be derived from the oxidation of seeping petroleum. The authigenic fabrics commonly exhibit microbial or texturally unique sedimentary structures; e.g. framboidal pyrite, clotted microfabric and peloid, botryoidal aragonite, microfilament, and …

Low Temperature Induces Two Growth-Arrested Stages And Change Of Secondary Metabolites In Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus, L. L. Zhao, W. Wei, David L. Kulhavy, Xing Yao Zhang, Jiang Hua Sun

Faculty Publications

The third-stage dispersal juvenile (JIII) is the stage for survival and dispersal in the winter of the pine wood nematode,

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Through investigations at different temperatures, we found two kinds of growth-arrested development, including the adult longevity extension and JIII formation induced by low temperature. They showed similar characters: densely packed lipid droplets and extended longevity. We considered that there were four stages in the formation of growth-arrested stages: induction, growth-arrested pathway, growth-arrested development and cold-tolerance duration. Moreover, at 4◦C there were significant changes in secondary metabolites, which may be related to signal communication and metabolism associated with …

Giving Birth: The Voices Of Russian Women, Lynn Clark Callister, Natalia Getmanenko, Natalia Garvrish, Marakova Olga Eugenevna, Zotina Nataliya Vladimirova, Jane H. Lassetter, Natalia Turkina

Faculty Publications

Purpose: To gain an understanding of the meaning of childbirth to women living in St. Petersburg, the Russian Federation.

Study Design and Method: Twenty-four Russian women who had given birth in the past 6 months participated in this phenomenological study and were interviewed and audio-taped about the meaning of childbirth. Data collection and analysis occurred concurrently.

Results: The Russian sociocultural context of childbirth was identified in specific themes: (1) adhering to cultural traditions, (2) accessing information, (3) maintaining a healthy lifestyle, (4) articulating the spiritual and emotional meaning of giving birth, and (5) transforming as a mother and a person. …

Dam Impacts On The Changjiang (Yangtze) River Sediment Discharge To The Sea: The Past 55 Years And After The Three Gorges Dam, Z. Yang, H. Wang, Y. Saito, J. D. Milliman, K. Xu, S. Qiao, G. Shi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dating Paleosol And Animal Remains In Loess Deposits, H. C. Zhang, B. Li, M. S. Yang, G. L. Lei, H. Ding, Jie Niu, H. F. Fan, W. X. Zhang, F. Q. Chang

Faculty Publications

Accurate and reliable dating of paleosols, animal remains, and artifacts is of crucial importance in reconstructing environmental change and understanding the interrelationship between human activities and natural environments. Dating different materials in the same sample can help resolve problems such as soil carbon sources and carbon storage state. Conventional radiocarbon dating of soil (inorganic and organic matter) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of animal remains (fossil bones and teeth) result in different ages for materials from the same sample position in a typical loess section at Xinglong Mountain, Yuzhong County, Gansu Province in NW China. Inorganic matter is ∼3400 …

Experimental Economic Approaches To International Marketing Research, Nancy R. Buchan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.