Digital Commons Network^™

Emergence Of Western Diseases In The Tropical World: The Experience With Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Terrence Forrester, Richard S. Cooper, David Weatherall

Faculty Publications

Our knowledge of the disease burden components of tropical populations is fragmentary. Historically, the infectious diseases have been emphasized but, as some populations have undergone socio-economic changes, vital statistics have described a change in the pattern of disease. The picture is of a decline in infectious and a rise in chronic non-communicable disease. We focus here on the emergence of chronic cardiovascular diseases, and use hypertension as the paradigmic example. Early blood pressure surveys showed a virtual absence of hypertension among rural Africans and moderate prevalences in the Caribbean. Prevalence was highest among US and UK blacks. In a recent …

Feeding Habits And Gut Fauna Of Zootermopsis Angusticollis (Isoptera: Termopsidae) In Response To Wood Species And Fungal Associates, M. E. Mankowski, T. D. Schowalter, J. J. Morrell, B. Lyons

Faculty Publications

Feeding preferences and consumption were evaluated to measure rate of wood consumption and the response of the gut fauna of Zootermopsis angusticollis to 4 conifers and 2 fungal species. In both choice and forced-feeding tests, exposure to Trichoderma viride Pers.:Fr. reduced consumption of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.] but did not affect noble fir (Abies procera Rehd.) or western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). Exposure to Stereum sanguinolentum Albertini & Schwein.:Fr. increased consumption of Douglas-fir but reduced consumption of western hemlock in a choice feeding test and increased consumption of Douglas-fir …

Systematic Procedures For Operational Code Analysis: Measuring And Modeling Jimmy Carter's Operational Code, Stephen G. Walker, Mark Schafer, Michael D. Young

Faculty Publications

In this article we introduce a new scoring system for doing operational code analysis and test its reliability and validity by measuring and modeling President Jimmy Carter's operational code. Using speeches from the public record we construct indices for the elements of the operational code construct. Based upon the valences and scaled intensities of verbs uttered in the speeches, President Jimmy Carter's views of the political universe and approaches to political action in different issue areas are identified and compared. The results of the analysis provide reasonable support for the face, construct, and content validity of the operational code indices. …

Susceptibility Of Field Populations Of Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) To Commercial And Experimental Insecticides, V. J. Mascarenhas, J. B. Graves, B. R. Leonard, E. Burris

Faculty Publications

Susceptibility of field-collected strains of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), to commercial and experimental insecticides was evaluated in a diet overlay bioassay by using 2-d-old larvae. Larvae were collected from cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fields in Alabama, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, and from Rio Bravo, Mexico. Several field strains exhibited reduced susceptibility to chlorpyrifos and thiodicarb, which are the only 2 labeled insecticides recommended for beet armyworm control in Louisiana. In chlorpyrifos bioassays, 7 of the 11 field strains had significantly higher LC50s than the reference strain from the Southern Insect Management Laboratory at Stoneville, MS. In thiodicarb bioassays, …

Resistance Monitoring To Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticides For Soybean Loopers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Collected From Soybean And Transgenic Bt-Cotton, R. N. Mascarenhas, D. J. Boethel, B. R. Leonard, M. L. Boyd, C. G. Clemens

Faculty Publications

One Bacillus thuringiensis variety aizawai and several B. thuringiensis variety kurstaki insecticides were evaluated using dosage-mortality bioassays to determine toxicity against a reference soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), strain. Costar and Design WSP (B. thuringiensis variety aizawai) had the lowest LC50s followed by Dipel ES, Condor XL, and Javelin WG. LC50s were highest for MVP II. Mattch, MVP II; and Xentari required significantly more time to cause mortality than the other B. thuringiensis insecticides. Variability of response of soybean looper to B. thuringiensis insecticides will necessitate the development of discriminating concentrations for several B. thuringiensis products. Soybean loopers were collected …

Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Attack On Ground Monitors Around An Apartment Complex In Fixed Pattern Placements Versus Conducive Placements, Gregg Henderson, Kathy Sharpe-Mccollum, Chris Dunaway

Faculty Publications

Four hundred and twenty-eight wooden stakes were placed in the ground around eleven similar buildings using conductive and uniform placements to evaluate placement success relative to termite attack. Stakes were monitored for termite attack at two, six, 11, and 13 months. Overall, monitors placed in conductive locations were twice as likely to be attacked by subterranean termites compared with patterned placements; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Redd Pest Control, Kenner, LA, helped in selecting the 11 buildings. We thank Dr. Brian D. Marx (LSU), Experimental statistics) and Beverly Wiltz (LSU, Dept. Entomology) for technical assistance. Research support for …

Effect Of Naphthalene, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Dioctyl Phthalate, And Adipic Dioctyl Ester, Chemicals Found In The Nests Of The Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) On A Saprophytic Mucor Sp. (Zygomycetes: Mucorales), Beverly A. Wiltz, Gregg Henderson, Jian Chen

Faculty Publications

Fungi are commonly found associated with termites and their nests. Four chemicals that have been isolated from the nests of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were evaluated to determine their effect on a common nest fungus, a saprophytic Mucor sp. Butylated hydroxytoluene, dioctyl phthalate, and adipic dioctyl ester were not found to affect the growth of this fungus. At high concentrations, naphthalene inhibited the growth of this Mucor sp. through its presence in the surrounding air. The possible use of naphthalene by termites to control fungi is discussed.

Genetic Evidence For The Proto-Austronesian Homeland In Asia: Mtdna And Nuclear Dna Variation In Taiwanese Aboriginal Tribes, Terry Melton, Stephanie Clifford, Jeremy Martinson, Mark Batzer, Mark Stoneking

Faculty Publications

Previous studies of mtDNA variation in indigenous Taiwanese populations have suggested that they held an ancestral position in the spread of mtDNAs throughout Southeast Asia and Oceania (Melton et al. 1995; Sykes et al. 1995), but the question of an absolute proto-Austronesian homeland remains. To search for Asian roots for indigenous Taiwanese populations, 28 mtDNAs representative of variation in four tribal groups (Ami, Atayal, Bunun, and Paiwan) were sequenced and were compared with each other and with mtDNAs from 25 other populations from Asia and Oceania. In addition, eight polymorphic Alu insertion loci were analyzed, to determine if the pattern …

The Second Stekloff Eigenvalue And Energy Dissipation Inequalities For Functionals With Surface Energy, Robert Lipton

Faculty Publications

A functional with both bulk and interfacial surface energy is considered. It corresponds to the energy dissipated inside a two-phase electrical conductor in the presence of an electrical contact resistance at the two-phase interface. The effect of embedding a highly conducting particle into a matrix of lesser conductivity is investigated. We find the criterion that determines when the increase in surface energy matches or exceeds the reduction in bulk energy associated with the particle. This criterion is general and applies to any particle with Lipschitz continuous boundary. It is given in terms of the of the second Stekloff eigenvalue of …

Complementary Group Resolution Of The Su(N) Outer Multiplicity Problem. I. The Littlewood Rules And A Complementary U(2n-2) Group Structure, Feng Pan, J. P. Draayer

Faculty Publications

A complementary group to SU(n) is found that realizes all features of the Littlewood rules for Kronecker products of SU(n) representations. This is accomplished by considering a state of SU(n) to be a special Gel'fand state of the complementary group U(2n-2) with labels of the latter used to distinguish multiple occurrences of irreducible representations of SU(n) (irreps) in the SU(n)×SU(n)↓SU(n) decomposition that is obtained from the Littlewood rules. Furthermore, this realization also helps us to determine SU(n)⊃SU(n - 1) × U(1) Reduced Wigner Coefficients (RWCs, frequently called Isoscalar Factors) and Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients [CGCs, or full (nonreduced) Wigner Coefficients] of SU(n), …

Hothouse Bothers: A Case Study, Jeff S. Kuehny, Margaret J. Mcmahon

Faculty Publications

This decision case concerns production and marketing problems that many ornamental growers incur. At the retail level, popular ornamental crops are often used as loss leaders to draw the public into stores to make other purchases. As a result, retail buyers are concerned not with quality but with price and volume. To meet the needs of price-conscious buyers, growers may attempt to reduce their production costs by reducing the level of production inputs, with some sacrifice in product quality. The owners of Two Sisters Greenhouses must decide whether they are going to produce lower-quality plants, change marketing strategies, or grow …

Sex Ratio Variation Between Ejaculates Within Sire Evaluated By Polymerase Chain Reaction, Calving, And Farrowing Records, J. E. Chandler, H. C. Steinholt-Chenevert, R. W. Adkinson, E. B. Moser

Faculty Publications

Ejaculates from sires were examined by polymerase chain reaction to determine percentage of sperm bearing the Y chromosome. Results were verified by examining the percentage of male calves per ejaculate used in artificial insemination (AI) and the percentage of male piglets per litter from a controlled mating program. Spermatozoal DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for the Y chromosome. Image analysis measured the fluorescent intensity of the 194-bp band. Ejaculates were compared with a pooled standard of spermatozoal DNA equated to a 50% Y-bearing sperm ejaculate. Calving data were obtained from information collected for the National …

Evidence In The Global Village: The Promise And Challenge Of Computer-Assisted Research In Intercollegiate Debate, Pat J. Gehrke

Faculty Publications

The growing importance of research databases and the proliferation of evidence sources on the Internet have provoked responses from the debate community ranging from ecstatic hope to pronounced fear. The debate community should critically incorporate databases and the Internet into its research. The benefits of computer-assisted research are plentiful, if we can appropriately adjust as a community to the age of digitized research.

Critique Arguments As Policy Analysis: Policy Debate Beyond The Rationalist Perspective, Pat J. Gehrke

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Gone But Not Conforming: Protecting The Abhorrent Testator From Majoritarian Cultural Norms Through Minority-Culture Arbitration, E. Gary Spitko

Faculty Publications

In a variety of contexts, cultural minorities have cause to fear adjudication of their legal rights and responsibilities in a legal system dominated by majority-culture personnel (most notably including judges and jurors). This is particularly true when cultural minorities attempt to use formal legal processes to give effect to choices that are inconsistent with prevailing community norms. In such cases, the substantive merit of their legal claims is at risk of being subjugated to majoritarian values, through a process that relies on members of the majority culture to vindicate the substantive rights at issue. This phenomenon presents a cruel dilemma: …

The Uncopyrightability Of Jokes, Allen Madison

Faculty Publications

This paper explains two foundational copyright doctrines, the scenes a faire doctrine and the merger doctrine. It illustrates the limiting effect these doctrines have on copyright protection for jokes.

Reinventing School Libraries: Alternatives, Models And Options For The Future, Ken Haycock

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Desert, Utility, And Minimum Contacts: Toward A Mixed Theory Of Personal Jurisdiction, Kevin C. Mcmunigal

Faculty Publications

In this Essay, I suggest several steps to improve the Supreme Court's approach to minimum contacts analysis. Though they necessitate some modification of current doctrine, these steps require neither radical alteration of the test's current factors nor abandonment of any of its purposes. I propose a new way of looking at the Court's minimum contacts analysis that better explains and integrates the factors, temporal perspectives, and purposes that presently figure in the analysis. My approach draws on criminal law, analogizing a state's imposition of the burdens of jurisdiction to its imposition of a criminal sanction. It sees the minimum contacts …

United States Supreme Court: 1998 Term, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Citation Practices Of The Kansas Supreme Court And Kansas Court Of Appeals, Joseph A. Custer

Faculty Publications

This article examines the citation practices of the Kansas Supreme Court and the Kansas Court of Appeals.

The Letter Of The Law: The Scope Of The International Legal Obligation To Prosecute Human Rights Crimes, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

While international criminal conventions are limited in their application, there is growing recognition of a duty for states to do something to give meaning to human rights.

Spatiotemporal Autoregressive Models Of Neighborhood Effects, R. Kelley Pace, Ronald Barry, John M. Clapp, Mauricio Rodriquez

Faculty Publications

Using 70,822 observations on housing prices from 1969 to 1991 from Fairfax County Virginia, this article demonstrates the substantial benefits obtained by modeling the spatial as well as the temporal dependence of the data. Specifically, the spatiotemporal autoregression with twelve variables reduced median absolute error by 37.35% relative to an indicator-based model with twenty-six variables. One-step ahead forecasts also document the improved performance of the proposed spatiotemporal model. In addition, the article illustrates techniques for rapidly computing the estimates and shows how to compute indices for any location.

Family Values And The Bankruptcy Code: A Proposal To Eliminate Bankruptcy Benefits Awarded On The Basis Of Marital Status, A. Mechele Dickerson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

To Love, Honor, And (Oh) Pay: Should Spouses Be Forced To Pay Each Other's Debts?, A. Mechele Dickerson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Chancellor Kent And The Search For The Elements Of Impeachable Offenses, Michael J. Gerhardt

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Toward A Practical Estate-Tax Exclusion For Family-Run Businesses: Analysis Of Section 2033a And Proposal For Reform, Eric D. Chason, Robert T. Danforth

Faculty Publications

In a previous work appearing in this Journal, the authors proposed an approach to estate and gift taxation that encourages productive behavior by the recipients of wealth. In this Article, the authors analyze, in the context of their earlier work, the new estate-tax exclusion for closely held businesses (section 2033A) created by the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. The authors describe the features of a practical family-run business exclusion and conclude that section 2033A, in its present form, fails as a practical exclusion. The authors catalogue those elements of section 2033A that should be retained and propose reforms of those …

Interlocutory Appeals From Orders Denying Qualified Immunity: Determining The Proper Scope Of Appellate Jurisdiction, Kathryn R. Urbonya

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reform Of Adult Guardianship Law, John E. Donaldson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

How Judges View Civil Juries, Paula Hannaford-Agor, B. Michael Dann, G. Thomas Munsterman

Faculty Publications

In any given case, the judge's view of the jury may mani­fest itself as a complex and subtle mixture of respect, gratitude, con­cern, pride, impatience, and even frustration. But more revealing than what judges say about juries is what judges do to prepare jurors for their roles in civil cases. This paper explores the various indicators of judges' views of the civil jury, including the social and institutional factors and contemporary jury reform efforts that affect judges' views about the civil jury.

This abstract has been taken from the authors' introduction.

Coastal Marine Science For Law And Business Students: Preparing Law And Business Professionals To Make "Informed Decisions" About Coastal Issues, David H. Niebuhr, Lynda L. Butler, Don Rahtz, Britt E. Anderson, April N. Lawrence

Faculty Publications

The rigors of employment-directed undergraduate education. and decreased emphasis on "Liberal Arts" studies occurring at some colleges and universities has left many graduates with a level of scientific understanding which is inadequate to make infonned choices about issues which effect the environment. To address this lack of scientific understanding. the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Virginia) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, with the Marshall-Wythe School of Law and the School of Business Administration of the College of William and Mary are developing a Coastal Ecosystem Science Program to teach future law and business professionals the basics of …