Digital Commons Network^™

Pulsar-Wind-Nebula-Powered Galactic Center X-Ray Filament G0.13- 0.11: Proof Of The Synchrotron Nature By Ixpe, Eugene Churazov, Ildar Khabibullin, Thibault Barnouin, Niccolò Bucciantini, Enrico Costa, Laura Di Gesu, Alessandro Di Marco, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, William Forman, Philip Kaaret, Dawoon E. Kim, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Ralph Kraft, Frédéric Marin, Giorgio Matt, Michela Negro, Roger W. Romani, Stefano Silvestri, Paolo Soffitta, Rashid Sunyaev, Jiri Svoboda, Alexey Vikhlinin, Martin C. Weisskopf, Fei Xie, Iván Agudo, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino

Faculty Publications

We report the discovery of X-ray polarization from the X-ray-bright filament G0.13-0.11 in the Galactic center (GC) region. This filament features a bright, hard X-ray source that is most plausibly a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and an extended and structured diffuse component. Combining the polarization signal from IXPE with the imaging/spectroscopic data from Chandra, we find that X-ray emission of G0.13-0.11 is highly polarized PD = 57(±18)% in the 3-6 keV band, while the polarization angle is PA = 21° ± 9). This high degree of polarization proves the synchrotron origin of the X-ray emission from G0.13-0.11. In turn, the …

Nutritive Value And Forage Accumulation Of A Black Oat Germplasm In The Northeastern United States, David M. Jaramillo, Kathy Soder, Ann Blount, Jose C.B. Dubeux, Stephen Harrison

Faculty Publications

Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) might be an attractive forage species in the northeastern United States, since it is generally more heat tolerant and disease resistant than other cool-season grasses. Black oat is currently recommended for fall and winter production in USDA Plant Hardiness ones 8b–10a, which is beyond the northeastern United States (Zones 2a–6a). The objective was to evaluate 10 black oat breeding lines (referred to as “UF1” through “UF10”) for forage accumulation, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations. The experiment was carried out in April–July …

Assessing The Long-Term Effects Of Conservation Agriculture On Cotton Production In Northeast Louisiana Using The Denitrification–Decomposition Model, Janntul Ferdush, Changyoon Jeong, Hwangju Jeon, Jim Wang, Kyoung Ro, Xi Zhang, Meesook Lee

Faculty Publications

Conservation agriculture (CA) aims to sustain agricultural production, soil, and environmental health in agroecosystems and has been promoted throughout the United States. The adoption of CA in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) systems provides both agronomic and environmental benefits. Yet, there is limited information on the long-term effects of CA practices on crop yield and adaptation strategies. An integrated CA system, that is, cover crops with no-tillage (NT) instead of conventional agriculture, was implemented in the long-term field experiments and assessed with an integrated biogeochemical model. Using the denitrification–decomposition model, this study estimated the effects of four different cover crops, for example, …

Correction To: The Impact Of Community Belongingness On Mental Health And Well-Being Among Black Lgbtq Adults (Race And Social Problems, (2024), 16, 1, (47-64), 10.1007/S12552-023-09396-5), Keith J. Watts, Shawndaya S. Thrasher

Faculty Publications

In the original publication of this article, the header “Percent” was misprinted as “%/M (SD)” for Table 1 and it has been corrected as “% M (SD)”. The original article has been corrected.

Targeting Cancers With Ohsv-Based Oncolytic Viral Immunotherapy, Rakin Tammam Nasar, Ifeanyi Kingsley Uche, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

The recent success of cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cancer vaccines, and adoptive cellular therapies (ACTs), has revolutionized traditional cancer treatment. However, these immunotherapeutic modalities have variable efficacies, and many of them exhibit adverse effects. Oncolytic viral Immunotherapy (OViT), whereby viruses are used to directly or indirectly induce anti-cancer immune responses, is emerging as a novel immunotherapy for treating patients with different types of cancer. The herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) possesses many characteristics that inform its use as an effective OViT agents and remains a leading candidate. Its recent clinical success resulted in …

Stacked Noise Reduction Auto Encoder–Ocean: A Novel Personalized Recommendation Model Enhanced, Bixi Wang, Wenfeng Zheng, Ruiyang Wang, Siyu Lu, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Zhengtong Yin, Xinbing Chen

Faculty Publications

With the continuous development of information technology and the rapid increase in new users of social networking sites, recommendation technology is becoming more and more important. After research, it was found that the behavior of users on social networking sites has a great correlation with their personalities. The five characteristics of the OCEAN personality model can cover all aspects of a user’s personality. In this research, a micro-directional propagation model based on the OCEAN personality model and a Stacked Denoising Auto Encoder (SDAE) was built through the application of deep learning to a collaborative filtering technique. Firstly, the dimension of …

Borderline Personality Disorder Subtypes And Public Stigma, Seth A. Brown

Faculty Publications

Despite high public stigma towards individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD), no research has examined whether stigma differs among the various proposed BPD subtypes. The primary purpose of this research was to examine two potential contributors to stigma towards individuals with BPD: 1) gender, and 2) BPD subtype of the individuals. The three subtypes utilized in this study were emotional, low anxiety, and inhibited (Sleuwaegen, 2018). A total of 415 participants read 1 of 6 randomly assigned vignettes about an individual and then completed the Attribution Questionnaire which encompasses 6 aspects of stigma. Male individuals (featured in a vignette) led …

William Cary Wright: Looking For Frank Lloyd Wright's Father, Roy R. Behrens

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

New Vision, Old Model: How The Ftc Exaggerated Harms When Rejecting Business Justifications For Noncompetes, Alan J. Meese

Faculty Publications

The Federal Trade Commission has rejected consumer welfare and the Rule of Reason—standards that drove antitrust for 50 years—in favor of a “NeoBrandeisian” vision. This approach seeks to enhance democracy by condemning abuses of corporate power that restrict the autonomy of employees and consumers, regardless of impact on prices or wages. Pursuing this agenda, the Commission has proposed banning all employee noncompete agreements (“NCAs”) as unfair methods of competition under Section 5 of the FTC Act.

The Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“NPRM”) articulating the Commission’s rationale found that NCAs reduce aggregate wages, harm traditionally recognized by the Rule of Reason. …

A Theory Of Genetic Dimensions In The Law, Yaniv Heled, Liza Vertinsky, Ana Santos Rutschman

Faculty Publications

Since the biotechnology revolution of the 1970s, genetic science and genetic technology have captured the public imagination. They have become a centerpiece of how we understand ourselves, our relationship with other humans, other living beings, our environment, and—indeed—with the universe. Through this evolution of understanding, genetic phenomena have acquired many meanings, some rooted in objective reality and others subjective and dependent on individual perceptions and sentiments.

However, legal decision-making and policymaking have not kept pace and reflect only a partial understanding of the multiple dimensions of genetic phenomena, which are forced into narrowing legal pathways, neglecting vital interests. As the …

Squeezing Blood From Stones? A Comparative Analysis Of Tax Relief For Victim-Survivors In Australia And The United States, Christine Speidel, Leslie Book, Ann Kayis-Kumar

Faculty Publications

Women who leave abusive relationships generally do so with increased debt, reduced assets, insecure housing and longer-term economic insecurity. Most of these women will be experiencing economic abuse even after the relationship has ended, and many cite financial instability as a key factor driving them back into abusive relationships. So, it is imperative that the tax and transfer system helps rather than hinders (albeit inadvertently) this cohort of financially vulnerable taxpayers. However, this is not always the case, with victim-survivors of economic abuse often liable for tax debts incurred by former partners operating businesses in the victim-survivor's name.

This article …

Phase Error Scaling Law In Two-Wavelength Adaptive Optics, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Matthew Kalensky, Michael J. Spencer

Faculty Publications

We derive a simple, physical, closed-form expression for the optical-path difference (OPD) of a two-wavelength adaptive-optics (AO) system. Starting from Hogge and Butts’ classic OPD variance integral expression, we apply Mellin transform techniques to obtain series and asymptotic solutions to the integral. For realistic two-wavelength AO systems, the former converges slowly and has limited utility. The latter, on the other hand, is a simple formula in terms of the separation between the AO sensing (i.e., the beacon) and compensation (or observation) wavelengths. We validate this formula by comparing it to the OPD variances obtained from the aforementioned series and direct …

San Antonio Storyscapes: Student Storytelling Partnerships, Lindsey Passenger Wieck, Jenny Hay

Faculty Publications

In spring 2020 and 2021, the City of San Antonio’s Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) ScoutSA team, led by Dr. Jenny Hay, joined Dr. Lindsey Wieck and students in her St. Mary’s University Digital Public History graduate course to implement a community- based pedagogy partnership. Together, we challenged Wieck’s students to produce innovative digital projects for the OHP using a consultant- in- training model to create a project- based learning experience. As a Hispanic- Serving Institution, St. Mary’s Public History program uses projects like these to better ensure that the campus’s predominantly BIPOC students can grow as knowledge producers, providing …

Development And Validity Of The ‘Modified Mediterranean Prime Screen’ To Assess Dietary Intake Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Lebanon, Mariam Assaad, Sara Ajjour, Maya Rahme, Laila Al-Shaar, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan, Jana Jabbour

Faculty Publications

The Mediterranean Region registers an increasing prevalence of obesity. The region lacks a diet screener to assess obesogenic nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the Modified Mediterranean Prime Screen (MMPS) in estimating obesogenic nutrients’ intake among women of reproductive age, as compared with a culturally validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), in Lebanon. We developed the MMPS consisting of thirty-two food/beverage items specific to the Lebanese Mediterranean culture. The MMPS and FFQ were administered in two visits (2 weeks–6 months apart), face to face and via telephone during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The reproducibility and …

Business Process Anomaly Detection And Root Cause Analysis Using Blstm-Vae With Attention, Yasser Ismail, Eman El-Aziz, Radwa Fathalla, Mohamed Shaheen

Faculty Publications

Detecting anomalous executions in business process data is crucial for safeguarding the efficiency and success of an organization. Unsupervised approaches are commonly used for business process anomaly detection because of the scarcity of labeled anomaly data. However, these approaches often encounter a notable decline in performance because they lack prior knowledge about the anomalies. Additionally, most of them do not perform root cause analysis on the detected anomalies. This study proposes a variational autoencoder-based approach to overcome the performance limitations of existing unsupervised methods and determine the root causes of the detected anomalies. The learning of the variational autoencoder from …

Showcasing Faculty Projects: Beyond Traditional Types Of Publications, Ellen Neuhaus

Faculty Publications

There is value in collecting and preserving faculty projects which gives a broader perspective of faculty work than just the traditional publications (books and journal articles). The projects give a fuller picture of the faculty work at UNI than if just traditional publications were collected.

The Business Of Abortion: Access To Capital Post Dobbs, Itay Ravid, Jonathan Zandberg

Faculty Publications

Access to credit—that is, the ability to receive financial leverage that could help jump-start businesses—is one of the most significant barriers preventing millions of American women from opening new businesses. Congress has attempted to address this issue since the 1970s, with legislation like the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA). Nevertheless, studies continue to show a persistent gender gap in access to credit. Scholars have offered a host of explanations for this gap, focusing on both the supply and demand sides of the equation.

This Article contributes to this growing scholarly exploration by offering a new, overlooked explanation for this gap: …

Spatial Roost Networks And Resource Selection Of Female Wild Turkeys, Nicholas W. Bakner, Erin E. Ulrey, Patrick H. Wightman, Nick A. Gulotta, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain

Faculty Publications

Wildlife demography is influenced by behavioural decisions, with sleep being a crucial avian behaviour. Avian species use roost sites to minimize thermoregulation costs, predation risk and enhance foraging efficiency. Sleep locations are often reused, forming networks within the home range. Our study, focusing on female eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) during the reproductive season, used social network analysis to quantify both roost site selection and network structure. We identified roost networks which were composed of a small percentage of hub roost sites connecting satellite roosts. Hub roosts were characterized by greater values of betweenness (β = 0.62, s.e. = …

Hydrometeorological Drivers Of The 2023 Louisiana Water Crisis, P. W. Miller, M. Hiatt

Faculty Publications

During summer and fall 2023, Louisiana experienced a historic local drought while dry conditions elsewhere in the central US withheld vital runoff from the Mississippi River, leading to below-normal discharge into the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, by late October 2023, Louisiana was gripped by two super-imposed water crises: a severe local drought and saltwater contamination in the Mississippi River channel. This study frames the development of the water emergency through the lens of flash drought using the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI). The EDDI shows south Louisiana experience a flash drought during June 2023, while the Mississippi River basin was …

Top-Down Control Of Ammonia Oxidizers By Grazing In The North Pacific, Silin Ni, Min Nina Xu, Moge Du, Edward A. Laws, Shuh Ji Kao

Faculty Publications

The impact of grazing pressure on ammonia oxidizers (AO) has never been quantified in the field. Here we develop a new method to quantify the grazing rates on AO in aquatic systems. We introduce ¹⁵NH4⁺ tracer into the traditional dilution experiments to measure AO's apparent growth rates by using the end-product of ¹⁵NH4⁺ oxidation, that is, ¹⁵NOx⁻. Field studies in the North Pacific revealed that ¹⁵NOx⁻ in the end-product was sensitive enough to detect AO's grazing rates. Experiments from the lower euphotic zone showed NH4⁺ replete growth rates of 0.40 …

Advancing Objective Mobile Device Use Measurement Inchildren Ages 6–11 Through Built-In Device Sensors: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Olivia L. Finnegan, Robert Glenn Weaver Med, Phd, Hongpeng Yang, James W. White, Srihari Nelakuditi, Zifei Zhong, Rahul Ghosal Ph.D., Yan Tong, Aliye B. Cepni, Elizabeth L. Adams, Sarah Burkart Mph, Ph.D., Michael W. Beets Med, Mph, Phd, Bridget Armstrong Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Mobile devices (e.g., tablets and smartphones) have been rapidly integrated into the lives of children and have impacted howchildren engage with digital media. The portability of these devices allows for sporadic, on-demand interaction, reducing theaccuracy of self-report estimates of mobile device use. Passive sensing applications objectively monitor time spent on a givendevice but are unable to identify who is using the device, a significant limitation in child screen time research. Behavioralbiometric authentication, using embedded mobile device sensors to continuously authenticate users, could be applied toaddress this limitation. This study examined the preliminary accuracy of machine learning models trained on iPad …

Understanding The Complexities Of Student Learning Progress In Texas: A Study Of Covid-19 And Rural Vs. Non-Rural Districts, Shifang Tang, Zhuoying Wang, Lei Zhang, David Jimenez

Faculty Publications

In this study, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on academic achievement in Texas public schools. Demographic and Grade 5 STAAR test data were collected from 1155 public school districts for 2018–2019 and 2020–2021. Multiple regression was adopted to analyze the differences between rural and non-rural districts, as well as the impact of demographic characteristics on students’ achievement. The results reveal significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two academic years, with non-rural districts exhibiting a greater decline in academic achievement than rural districts. Additionally, the findings suggest that higher teacher salaries correlate with better academic performance across various subjects …

Pulsar-Wind-Nebula-Powered Galactic Center X-Ray Filament G0.13–0.11, Eugene Churazov, Ildar Khabibullin, Thibault Barnouin, Niccolò Bucciantini, Enrico Costa, Laura Di Gesu, Alessandro Di Marco, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, William Forman, Philip Kaaret, Dawoon E. Kim, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Ralph Kraft, Frédéric Marin, Giorgio Matt, Michela Negro, Roger W. Romani, Stefano Silvestri, Paolo Soffitta, Rashid Sunyaev, Jiri Svoboda, Alexey Vikhlinin, Martin C. Weisskopf, Fei Xie, Iván Agudo, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Chien-Ting Chen, Stefano Ciprini, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Niccolo Di Lalla, Immacolata Donnarumma, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovčiak, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Javier A. García, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl, Wataru Iwakiri, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Vladimir Karas, Fabian Kislat, Takao Kitaguchi, Henric Krawczynski, Fabio La Monaca, Luca Latronico, Ioannis Liodakis, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Andrea Marinucci, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, Francesco Massaro, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Fabio Muleri, Chi-Yung Ng, Stephen L. O'Dell, Nicola Omodei, Chiara Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, Maura Pilia, Andrea Possenti, Juri Poutanen, Simonetta Puccetti, Brian D. Ramsey, John Rankin, Ajay Ratheesh, Oliver J. Roberts, Carmelo Sgrò, Patrick Slane, Gloria Spandre, Douglas A. Swartz, Toru Tamagawa, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Roberto Taverna, Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant, Nicholas E. Thomas, Francesco Tombesi, Alessio Trois, Sergey S. Tsygankov, Roberto Turolla, Jacco Vink, Kinwah Wu, Silvia Zane

Faculty Publications

We report the discovery of X-ray polarization from the X-ray-bright filament G0.13−0.11 in the Galactic center (GC) region. This filament features a bright, hard X-ray source that is most plausibly a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and an extended and structured diffuse component. Combining the polarization signal from IXPE with the imaging/spectroscopic data from Chandra, we find that X-ray emission of G0.13−0.11 is highly polarized PD = 57(±18)% in the 3−6 keV band, while the polarization angle is PA = 21 ° ( ± 9 ° ). This high degree of polarization proves the synchrotron origin of the X-ray emission from …

Pulsar-Wind-Nebula-Powered Galactic Center X-Ray Filament G0.13–0.11, Eugene Churazov, Ildar Khabibullin, Thibault Barnouin, Niccolò Bucciantini, Enrico Costa, Laura Di Gesu, Alessandro Di Marco, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, William Forman, Philip Kaaret, Dawoon E. Kim, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Ralph Kraft, Frédéric Marin, Giorgio Matt, Michela Negro, Roger W. Romani, Stefano Silvestri, Paolo Soffitta, Rashid Sunyaev, Jiri Svoboda, Alexey Vikhlinin, Martin C. Weisskopf, Fei Xie, Iván Agudo

Faculty Publications

We report the discovery of X-ray polarization from the X-ray-bright filament G0.13−0.11 in the Galactic center (GC) region. This filament features a bright, hard X-ray source that is most plausibly a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and an extended and structured diffuse component. Combining the polarization signal from IXPE with the imaging/spectroscopic data from Chandra, we find that X-ray emission of G0.13−0.11 is highly polarized PD = 57(±18)% in the 3−6 keV band, while the polarization angle is PA = 21 ° ( ± 9 ° ). This high degree of polarization proves the synchrotron origin of the X-ray emission from …

Development And Evolution Of Clinical Partnerships: K-12 School Leaders' Perspectives, Kimberly Bohannon, Vincent Connelly, Stephen Bigaj, Laura M. Wasielewski

Faculty Publications

PurposeThe purpose of this research study was to examine school leaders’ critical perspectives about the nature of their partnerships with K-12 schools and two Educator Preparation Programs (EPP).Design/methodology/approachData were collected through interviews with K-12 school leaders to obtain partners’ critical perspectives about school–EPP partnerships. The interviews were coded thematically and oriented around the central concept of working to represent the interplay of the participants and their collaborators’ perceptions of the nature and dimensions of school–EPP partnerships.FindingsThe analysis resulted in the construction of a mosaic of school leaders’ collective lived experiences using a statewide conceptual framework as a guide. Four themes …

Development And Evolution Of Clinical Partnerships: K-12 School Leaders' Perspectives, Kimberly Bohannon, Vincent Connelly, Stephen Bigaj, Laura M. Wasielewski

Faculty Publications

PurposeThe purpose of this research study was to examine school leaders’ critical perspectives about the nature of their partnerships with K-12 schools and two Educator Preparation Programs (EPP).Design/methodology/approachData were collected through interviews with K-12 school leaders to obtain partners’ critical perspectives about school–EPP partnerships. The interviews were coded thematically and oriented around the central concept of working to represent the interplay of the participants and their collaborators’ perceptions of the nature and dimensions of school–EPP partnerships.FindingsThe analysis resulted in the construction of a mosaic of school leaders’ collective lived experiences using a statewide conceptual framework as a guide. Four themes …

Hydrodynamic And Biochemical Impacts On The Development Of Hypoxia In The Louisiana-Texas Shelf - Part 1: Roles Of Nutrient Limitation And Plankton Community, Yanda Ou, Z. George Xue

Faculty Publications

A three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model with multiple nutrient and plankton functional groups was developed and adapted to the Gulf of Mexico to investigate the role of nutrients and the complexity of plankton community in dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics. A 15-year hindcast was achieved covering the period of 2006-2020. Extensive model validation against in situ data demonstrates that the model was capable of reproducing vertical distributions of DO and spatial distributions of bottom DO concentration, as well as their interannual variations. The study demonstrates that bottom DO dynamics and hypoxia evolution are significantly influenced by both physical processes and local biochemistry, …

Trophic Interactions In Microbiomes Influence Plant Host Population Size And Ecosystem Function, Jiaqi Tan, Na Wei, Martin M. Turcotte

Faculty Publications

Plant microbiomes that comprise diverse microorganisms, including prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses, are the key determinants of plant population dynamics and ecosystem function. Despite their importance, little is known about how species interactions (especially trophic interactions) between microbes from different domains modify the importance of microbiomes for plant hosts and ecosystems. Using the common duckweed Lemna minor, we experimentally examined the effects of predation (by bacterivorous protists) and parasitism (by bacteriophages) within microbiomes on plant population size and ecosystem phosphorus removal. Our results revealed that the addition of predators increased plant population size and phosphorus removal, whereas the addition of parasites …

Narrative Analysis In Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease Following Intensive Voice Treatment: Secondary Outcome Variables From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Amy E. Ramage, Kathryn J. Greenslade, Kaila Cote, Jessica N. Lee, Cynthia M. Fox, Angela Halpern, Lorraine O. Ramig

Faculty Publications

Communication is often impaired in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), typically secondary to sensorimotor deficits impacting voice and speech. Language may also be diminished in PD, particularly for production and comprehension of verbs. Evidence exists that verb processing is influenced by motor system modulation suggesting that verb deficits in PD are underpinned by similarities in the neural representations of actions that span motor and semantic systems. Conversely, subtle differences in cognition in PD may explain difficulty in processing of complex syntactic forms, which increases cognitive demand and is linked to verb use. Here we investigated whether optimizing motor system support …

Police-Made Law, Brenner M. Fissell

Faculty Publications

This Article presents evidence that police are writing laws that they enforce. This newly discovered phenomenon compounds the existing understanding of police “making” law through the exercise of discretion. They make law in a far more direct way, functioning as quasi-legislators at the local level—identifying a social problem, drafting an offense to address it, and directly proposing their offense for enactment. The conduct targeted, and the reasons for doing so, are diverse. For example, in one city a police chief successfully criminalized public intoxication so that intoxicated people would go to jails instead of hospitals; in another, a chief pushed …