Digital Commons Network^™

The Role Of Motivation In The Conceptual Model Of Motor Development In Childhood, Cristina Menescardi, An V. De Meester, Sofie Morbee, Leen Haerens, Isaac Estevan

Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was twofold: first, to investigate whether perceived motor competence (PMC) mediates the relation between actual motor competence (AMC) and physical activity (PA) according to the conceptual model of motor development, and second to examine the role of different motivational regulations (i.e., intrinsic, identified, introjected, and external regulation) in the relationship between PMC and PA. A sample of 504 Spanish students (46.2% girls, 8–12 years old) voluntarily participated in this study. In relation to the first aim, structural equation modeling revealed that PMC indeed mediates the association between AMC and PA. In relation to the second …

Differences In Aggression And Alcohol Use Among Youth With Varying Levels Of Victimization And Popularity Status, Sarah T. Malamut, Molly Dawes, Tessa A.M. Lansu, Yvonne Van Den Berg, Antonius H.N. Cillessen

Faculty Publications

Awareness that high-status adolescents can be targets of aggression has grown in recent years. However, questions remain about the associations of the confluence of victimization and popularity with adjustment. The current study fills this gap by examining the joint and unique effects of victimization and popularity on aggression and alcohol use. Participants were 804 Dutch adolescents (50.2% boys, M_age = 13.65) who were followed for one year. High-status victims were more aggressive and drank more alcohol than lower-status victims. High-status victims were also more proactively and indirectly aggressive and self-reported more bullying than high-status non-victims. Thus, the findings demonstrated …

Leaders Are Readers: What Journals Do Public School Superintendents Read?, Matt Townsley, Benterah C. Morton

Faculty Publications

This study involving 233 participants from ten states sought to identify the types of educational journals practicing superintendents read. The findings indicate that the majority of superintendents are reading publications provided by professional and trade organizations rather than peer-reviewed journals. Across all subgroups, Educational Leadership, School Administrator, Education Week, and The American School Board Journal were the four most frequently read periodicals. The majority of superintendents are reading publications provided by professional and trade organizations rather than peer-reviewed journals.

Influence Of Guideline Operationalization On Youth Activity Prevalence In The International Children’S Accelerometry Database, Catherine Gammon, Andrew J. Atkin, Kirsten Corder, Ulf Ekelund, Bjorge Herman Hansen, Lauren B. Sherar, Lars Bo Anderson, Sigmund Anderssen, Rachel Davey, Pedro C. Hallal, Russell Jago, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Soyang Kwon, Kate Nothstone, Russell R. Pate Ph.D., J. O. Salmon, Luis B. Sardinha, Esther M.F. Sluijs

Faculty Publications

Introduction

The United Kingdom and World Health Organization recently changed their youth physical activity (PA) guidelines from 60 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) every day, to an average of 60 min of MVPA per day, over a week. The changes are based on expert opinion due to insufficient evidence comparing health outcomes associated with different guideline definitions. This study used the International Children’s Accelerometry Database to compare approaches to calculating youth PA compliance and associations with health indicators.

Methods

Cross-sectional accelerometer data (n = 21,612, 5–18 yr) were used to examine compliance with four guideline definitions: daily …

El Surgimiento De La Idea De Involucramiento Social En La Universidad De Los Estados Unidos De America [The Emergence Of The Idea Of Social Involvement In University In The United States Of America], Gustavo Gregorutti

Faculty Publications

Since its inception, the American higher education system has been rapidly evolving into a highly complex and dynamic set of institutions with a broad spectrum of missions. During the last 35 years, questions have arisen about the relevance of their contributions to society as a whole. In this debate, the involved university is born to interact with communities as a partner to teach, research, and solve common problems. This article presents a global description of the emergence of community engagement, its characteristics, and challenges in the context of the United States.

“Where The Truth Really Lies”: Listening To Voices From African American Communities In The Southern States About Covid-19 Vaccine Information And Communication, Ran Zhang, Shan Qiao, Brooke Mckeever, Bankole Olatosi, Xiaoming Li

Faculty Publications

The high uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is one of the most promising measures to control the pandemic. However, some African American (AA) communities exhibit vaccination hesitancy due to mis- or disinformation. It is important to understand the challenges in accessing reliable COVID-19 vaccine information and to develop feasible health communication interventions based on voices from AA communities. We conducted 2 focus group discussions (FGDs) among 18 community stakeholders recruited from 3 counties in South Carolina on 8 October and 29 October 2021. The FGDs were conducted online via Zoom meetings. The FGD data were managed and thematically analyzed using NVivo …

Listening To Voices From African American Communities In The Southern States About Covid-19 Vaccine Information And Communication: A Qualitative Study, Ran Zhang, Shan Qiao, Bankole Olatosi Ph.D., Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

The high uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is one of the most promising measures to control the pandemic. However, some African American (AA) communities exhibit vaccination hesitancy due to mis- or disinformation. It is important to understand the challenges in accessing reliable COVID-19 vaccine information and to develop feasible health communication interventions based on voices from AA communities. We conducted 2 focus group discussions (FGDs) among 18 community stakeholders recruited from 3 counties in South Carolina on 8 October and 29 October 2021. The FGDs were conducted online via Zoom meetings. The FGD data were managed and thematically analyzed using NVivo …

Eeg Evidence Of Altered Functional Connectivity And Microstate In Children Orphaned By Hiv/Aids, Huang Gu, Xueke Shan, Hui He, Junfeng Zhao, Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Children orphaned by HIV/AIDS (“AIDS orphans”) suffer numerous early-life adverse events which have a long-lasting effect on brain function. Although previous studies found altered electroencephalography (EEG) oscillation during resting state in children orphaned by HIV/AIDS, data are limited regarding the alterations in connectivity and microstate. The current study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) and microstate in children orphaned by HIV/AIDS with resting-state EEG data. Data were recorded from 63 children orphaned by HIV/AIDS and 65 non-orphan controls during a close-eyes resting state. The differences in phase-locking value (PLV) of global average FC and temporal dynamics of microstate were …

Allure: A Multi-Modal Guided Environment For Helping Children Learn To Solve A Rubik's Cube With Automatic Solving And Interactive Explanations, Kausik Lakkaraju, Thahimum Hassan, Vedant Khandelwal, Prathamjeet Singh, Cassidy Bradley, Ronak Shah, Forest Agostinelli, Biplav Srivastava, Dezhi Wu

Faculty Publications

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been used to solve problems that many humans struggle to solve. This opens up new opportunities for knowledge discovery and education. We demonstrate ALLURE, a collaborative educational AI system for learning to solve the Rubik's cube that is designed to help students improve their problem solving skills. ALLURE can both find its own strategies for solving the Rubik's cube and explain those strategies to humans. In the future, ALLURE will also be able to collaborate with humans by building on user-provided strategies for solving the Rubik's cube and as well as generalize to other …

Household Food Insecurity Is Associated With Diabetic Ketoacidosis But Not Severe Hypoglycemia Or Glycemic Control In Youth And Young Adults With Youth‐Onset Type 2 Diabetes, Lauren A. Reid, Jason A. Mendoza, Anwar T. Nerchant, Marco Geraci, Beth A. Reboussin, Faisal S. Malik, Alice M. Ellyson, Dana Dabelea, Lina Merjaneh, Santica M. Marcovina, Eva Lustigova, Jean .. Lawrence, Angela D. Liese Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine the association between household food insecurity (HFI), glycemic control, severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among youth and young adults (YYA) with youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods: This cross-sectional study included 395 YYA with type 2 diabetes from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (2015–2019). HFI was reported by young adult participants or parents of minor participants via the US Household Food Security Survey Module. Glycemic control was assessed by HbA1c and analyzed as a continuous and categorical variable (optimal:9.0%). Acute complications included self-reported severe hypoglycemia or DKA in the last 12 months. …

Inhibitory Control Of Emotional Interference In Deaf Children: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials And Event-Related Spectral Perturbation Analysis, Qiong Chen, Junfeng Zhao, Huang Gu, Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Background: Impairment of interference control ability may reflect a more general deficit in executive functioning, and lead to an increase in internal-externalized problems such as impulsivity, which has been reported in deaf children. However, few researches have examined the neural mechanism of this impairment.

Methods: This study applied the electroencephalogram (EEG) technique to investigate the interference control ability in 31 deaf children and 28 hearing controls with emotional face-word stroop task.

Results: Results from behavioral task showed that deaf children exhibited lower accuracy compared to hearing controls. As for EEG analysis, reduced activation of ERP components in N1 and enhanced …

Does Hiv-Related Stigma Depress Social Well-Being Of Youths Affected By Parental Hiv/Aids?, Yafei Zhao, Jiaojiao Wan, Lili Ji, Giagai Lui, Yixin Shi, Junfeng Zhao, Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Parental illness or death due to HIV/AIDS has long-term impacts on children’s social well-being, potentially challenging the children’s basic developmental needs and future. Based on the theoretical model of social well-being, the present study tested a moderated mediation model that HIV-related stigma moderated the mediating role of social trust on the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and social well-being. A sample of 297 youths aged 20–30 years affected by parental HIV/AIDS (57.2% male), including 129 (43.40%) AIDS orphans and 168 vulnerable youths (56.60%) completed questionnaires of perceived social support, social well-being, social trust, and HIV-related stigma. IBM SPSS 25.0 …

Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors, Adverse Experiences, And Self-Reported Hunger: Analysis Of 10 States From The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, Kathryn L. Krupsky, Sarah Silwa, Hilary Seligman, Andrea D. Brown, Angela D. Liese Ph.D., Zewditu Demissie, Ellen Barnidge

Faculty Publications

We examined associations between adolescent self-reported hunger, health risk behaviors, and adverse experiences during the 2018–2019 school year. Youth Risk Behavior Survey data were pooled from 10 states. Prevalence ratios were calculated, and we assessed effect measure modification by sex. The prevalence of self-reported hunger was 13%. Self-reported hunger was associated with a higher prevalence of every health risk behavior/adverse experience analyzed, even after adjusting for sex, grade, and race/ethnicity. Sex did not modify associations. Findings underscore needs for longitudinal research with more robust measures of adolescent food insecurity to clarify the temporality of relationships.

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Postpartum Care In The Greater Boston Area During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Tianyue Mi, Peiyin Hung, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Alecia Mcgregor, Jinggui He, Jie Zhou

Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum care access have been well identified in the United States. Such disparities could be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic because of amplified economic distress and compromised social capital among pregnant women who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increase in the existing racial and ethnic disparity in postpartum care access.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records data. Multinomial logistic regressions in an interrupted time series approach were used to assess monthly changes in …

Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates Of Event-Based Prospective Memory In Children With Learning Disability, Lili Jing, Qi Zhao, Yafei Zhang, Jiaojiao Wan, Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Prospective memory (PM) has been reported to be impaired in children with learning disabilities (LD), but few studies have examined the underlying neural mechanism of this impairment. To address this issue, the present study applied ERP technique to explore the difference of event-based prospective memory (EBPM) in 21 children with LD and 20 non-LD children with double task paradigm. Results from behavioral data showed that LD children exhibited lower accuracy than non-LD children. The ERP results showed that the two groups displayed significant difference in the ERP components, with longer N300 latency in LD group, but there was no obvious …

The Nexus Of The Indoor Co2 Concentration And Ventilation Demands Underlying Co2-Based Demand-Controlled Ventilation In Commercial Buildings: A Critical Review, Xing Lu, Zhihong Pang, Yangyang Fu, Zheng O'Neill

Faculty Publications

The carbon dioxide (CO2)-based demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) has attracted prompt attention from the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) industry since its very first invention. Since then, it has been penetrating from simple single-zone systems to complex system configurations in commercial buildings. While there has accumulated a large number of research on DCV applications, the most recent review paper on this topic was dated back to 2001 and inevitably missed a lot of recent revolutionary technologies. Therefore, to understand the opportunities and challenges associated with the CO2-based DCV, this study presents a timely review on the revolutions of the CO2-based DCV …

Does Income Class Affect Life Satisfaction? New Evidence From Cross-Country Microdata, Joanne Haddad, Jad Chaaban, Ali Chalak, Hala Ghattas Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

This paper analyzes the impact of income class on subjective wellbeing. Using rich data from the Gallup World Poll, we investigate whether belonging to locally (both country-and time-specific) defined income classes influences individuals’ life satisfaction. We rely on a latent class analysis estimation method, using individual income proxied by household income divided by household size, as an observable characteristic to hypothesize the income classes. We fit a model with one categorical latent variable with three unobserved groupings, here: income classes, which we interpret as lower, middle and upper classes. Our estimates suggest that individuals in the low and middle income …

Differences In Attachment, Resilience, And Negative Affect In Non-Treatment-Seeking And Treatment-Seeking Ems Professionals, Jose Carbajal, Warren N. Ponder, Lauren Malthaner, Kathryn Shahan, Katelyn Jetelina, Jeanine Galusha, Donna Schuman

Faculty Publications

Emergency medical service (EMS) professionals have a stressful vocation, inarguably worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects their mental health and makes them a vulnerable population warranting further study. However, to date, no published research has compared non-treatment and treatment-seeking EMS professionals in the same greater metropolitan area. In this study, we examined differences and similarities among the non-treatment-seeking EMS professionals (n = 57) from a local EMS agency and treatment-seeking EMS personnel (n = 53) from a non-profit community treatment center on six assessment instruments that measure attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, resilience, depression, generalized anxiety, posttraumatic stress …

Intraneuronal Β-Amyloid Accumulation: Aging Hiv-1 Human And Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat Brain, Hailong Li, Kristen A. Mclaurin, Charles F. Mactutus, Benjamin Linkins, Wenfei Huang, Sulie L. Chang, Rosemarie M. Booze

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is significantly greater in older, relative to younger, HIV-1 seropositive individuals; the neural pathogenesis of HAND in older HIV-1 seropositive individuals, however, remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, abnormal protein aggregates (i.e., β-amyloid) were investigated in the brains of aging (>12 months of age) HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats. In aging HIV-1 Tg rats, double immunohistochemistry staining revealed abnormal intraneuronal β-amyloid accumulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, relative to F344/N control rats. Notably, in HIV-1 Tg animals, increased β-amyloid accumulation occurred in the absence of any genotypic changes in …

Intraneuronal Β-Amyloid Accumulation: Aging Hiv-1 Human And Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat Brain, Hailong Li, Kristen A. Mclaurin, Charles F. Mactutus, Benjamin Linkins, Wenfei Huang, Sulie L. Chang, Rosemarie M. Booze

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is significantly greater in older, relative to younger, HIV-1 seropositive individuals; the neural pathogenesis of HAND in older HIV-1 seropositive individuals, however, remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, abnormal protein aggregates (i.e., β-amyloid) were investigated in the brains of aging (>12 months of age) HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats. In aging HIV-1 Tg rats, double immunohistochemistry staining revealed abnormal intraneuronal β-amyloid accumulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, relative to F344/N control rats. Notably, in HIV-1 Tg animals, increased β-amyloid accumulation occurred in the absence of any genotypic changes in …

Estimating Cardiorespiratory Fitness Without Exercise Testing Or Physical Activity Status In Healthy Adults: Regression Model Development And Validation, Robert Sloan, Marco Visentini-Scarzanella, Susumu Sawada, Xuemei Sui M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Background: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. Most health care settings use some type of electronic health record (EHR) system. However, many EHRs do not have CRF or physical activity data collected, thereby limiting the types of investigations and analyses that can be done.

Objective: This study aims to develop a nonexercise equation to estimate and classify CRF (in metabolic equivalent tasks) using variables commonly available in EHRs.

Methods: Participants were 42,676 healthy adults (female participants: n=9146, 21.4%) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study examined from 1974 to 2005. The nonexercise estimated CRF was …

A Preliminary Study Of Proinflammatory Cytokines And Depression Following West Nile Virus Infection, Allison Lino, Timothy A. Erickson, Melissa Nolan Ph.D., Mph, Kristy O. Murray, Shannon E. Ronca

Faculty Publications

West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that can cause acute febrile illness leading to neuroinvasive disease. Depression is a well-described outcome following infection, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Proinflammatory cytokines play important roles in WNV infection, but their role in depression post-WNV remains unstudied. This research aimed to retrospectively evaluate associations between proinflammatory cytokines and new onset depression in a WNV cohort. Participants with asymptomatic WNV infection were significantly less likely to report new onset depression when compared to those with symptomatic disease. Participants with encephalitis and obesity were significantly more likely to report new onset …

Perceptions Of Hazing Among Young Male United States Military Service Members: A Qualitative Analysis, Elizabeth C. Metzger, Jasmin N. Bennett, Cristobal S. Berry-Caban, Elizabeth J. Allan, Christopher J. Guenthner, Bryce M. Meerhaeghe, Brian Borsari, Donna M. Kazemi Phd, Rn, Cne, Fiaan, Lindsay M. Orchowski

Faculty Publications

This study examines hazing among a sample of young male service members in the United States (US) military. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with active duty service members (N = 10) aged 18 to 24 at a large Southeastern US Army post to examine their conceptualization of hazing. Thematic analysis revealed three emergent themes: (1) the definition of hazing and hazing behaviors; (2) the ritualistic nature of hazing; and (3) the sexual nature of hazing. Most participants provided their own definition of hazing. One participant had difficulty in differentiating between hazing and bullying, the others had distinct definitions as …

Reporting Verb Variation Across Disciplines: An Academic Corpus Study, Grant Eckstein, Jacob D. Rawlins, Hannah Taylor, Haley Briggs, Andrea Candland, Elizabeth Hanks, Sarah Hill

Faculty Publications

Reporting verbs are used in academic writing to establish authorial voice when referencing previous research. Although the practice is widespread, inexperienced academic writers and second-language learners may struggle to select appropriate reporting verbs within their given discipline or may overuse them in ways that signal outsider status. The present study explores the distribution of reporting verbs across six disciplines in a corpus containing 270 academic research background sections (introduction and literature review). The results illustrate that disciplines vary widely in the number and type of reporting verbs used. While common reporting verbs across disciplines include argue, examine, report …

Development, Validity, And Cross-Context Equivalence Of The Child Food Insecurity Experiences Scale For Assessing Food Insecurity Of School-Age Children And Adolescents, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Maryah S. Fram, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Jennifer Bernal, Zeina Jamaluddine, Sharon I. Kirkpatrick, David Hammond, Elisabetta Aurino, Sharon Wolf, Sophie M. Goudet, Mara Nyawo, Chika Hayashi

Faculty Publications

Background: Children ages 6 to 17 years can accurately assess their own food insecurity, whereas parents are inaccurate reporters of their children's experiences of food insecurity. No globally applicable scale to assess the food insecurity of children has been developed and validated.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a globally applicable, experience-based measure of child and adolescent food insecurity and establish the validity and cross-contextual equivalence of the measure.

Methods: The 10-item Child Food Insecurity Experiences Scale (CFIES) was based on items previously validated from questionnaires from the United States, Venezuela, and Lebanon. Cognitive interviews were conducted to check understanding of …

Responsibility, Recognition And Representation: The Ethical Bases Of Truth Evaluation In Political Narrative Analysis, Paul Nesbitt-Larking

Faculty Publications

Just as even the most personal of our narratives can ultimately be traced back to our communal pasts, so they are worked up, told, and retold through complex chains of sharing: Situated utterances, partial hearings and fractured representations circulate meanings and interpretations through relays of retelling as social agents listen to and tell their own and each other’s stories. Narrative political psychologists explore how the storied lives of political actors are both shaped by their historical and structured circumstances and reproduce their ongoing political agency. In such contexts, how do narrative political psychologists assess truth claims? Guided by a Critical …

Victims As Instruments, Rachel J. Wechsler

Faculty Publications

Crime victims are often instrumentalized within the criminal legal process in furtherance of state prosecutorial interests. This is a particularly salient issue concerning victims of gender-based violence (GBV) because victim testimony is typically considered essential for successful prosecution of these types of crimes. Since the U.S. Supreme Court's 2004 decision in Crawford v. Washington, courts require declarants to be available for cross-examination on "testimonial" hearsay evidence. Consequently, criminal legal actors are further incentivized to employ highly coercive practices aimed at securing GBV victims' participation in the criminal legal process as evidentiary tools. These practices include arresting and incarcerating victims through …

Covid-19 And Transition To Distance Learning: Perspectives Of Postsecondary Teachers In Kenya, James Ogechi Kereri, Grace Moraa Kennedy, Dovison Kereri

Faculty Publications

Several countries have transitioned to online and/or virtual learning to minimize the impact of Covid-19 on education. In Kenya, schools were closed for the better part of 2020 and reopened back on relying on an online mode and/or virtual learning. However, very little is known about the impact of such transition on postsecondary educators. Therefore, this research aims to bridge this gap by investigating the impact of online and/or virtual learning transition on postsecondary educators based on age, gender, location, and academic rank. Using a nationally distributed web-based survey, the study utilized data from 117 educators across Kenya who participated …

Unrestricted Factor Analysis: A Powerful Alternative To Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Jan-Benedict E.M. Steenkamp, Alberto Maydeu-Olivares

Faculty Publications

The gold standard for modeling multiple indicator measurement data is confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which has many statistical advantages over traditional exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In most CFA applications, items are assumed to be pure indicators of the construct they intend to measure. However, despite our best efforts, this is often not the case. Cross-loadings incorrectly set to zero can only be expressed through the correlations between the factors, leading to biased factor correlations and to biased structural (regression) parameter estimates. This article introduces a third approach, which has emerged in the psychometric literature, viz., unrestricted factor analysis (UFA). UFA …

In Their Own Words: Perspectives On Collection Weeding From Library Employees And Teaching Faculty, Dan Broadbent, Megan Frost, Gregory M. Nelson, David Pixton

Faculty Publications

Following a Science and Engineering collection weeding project of over 350,000 print items, our research team conducted interviews with 20 library employees and 19 teaching faculty involved in the project. The purpose of the interviews was to assess the interviewees’ perspectives and feelings relating to the time required to complete the project, inter- and intra- library communication, the decision-making processes, and their personal assessment of the costs and benefits of the project. The interviewees also offered their views of the overall project’s successes and areas for improvement. Drawing from a qualitative analysis of the interviews, we provide guidance for other …