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Roy Gane Responds, Roy E. Gane May 2008

Roy Gane Responds, Roy E. Gane

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Vacuum Stress-Energy Density And Its Gravitational Implications, Ricardo Estrada, Stephen A. Fulling, Lev Kaplan, Klaus Kirsten, Zhonghai Liu, Kimball A. Milton Apr 2008

Vacuum Stress-Energy Density And Its Gravitational Implications, Ricardo Estrada, Stephen A. Fulling, Lev Kaplan, Klaus Kirsten, Zhonghai Liu, Kimball A. Milton

Faculty Publications

In nongravitational physics the local density of energy is often regarded as merely a bookkeeping device; only total energy has an experimental meaning - and it is only modulo a constant term. But in general relativity the local stress-energy tensor is the source term in Einstein's equation. In closed universes, and those with Kaluza-Klein dimensions, theoretical consistency demands that quantum vacuum energy should exist and have gravitational effects, although there are no boundary materials giving rise to that energy by van der Waals interactions. In the lab there are boundaries, and in general the energy density has a nonintegrable singularity …

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Yes/No Recognition, Forced-Choice Recognition, And The Human Hippocampus, P. J. Bayley, J. T. Wixted, Ramona O. Hopkins, L. R. Squire Apr 2008

Yes/No Recognition, Forced-Choice Recognition, And The Human Hippocampus, P. J. Bayley, J. T. Wixted, Ramona O. Hopkins, L. R. Squire

Faculty Publications

Two recent studies reported that yes/no recognition can be more impaired by hippocampal lesions than forced-choice recognition when the targets and foils are highly similar. This finding has been taken in support of two fundamental proposals: (1) yes/no recognition tests depend more on recollection than do forced-choice tests; and (2) the hippocampus selectively supports the recollection process. Using the same stimulus materials as in the earlier studies, we tested five memory-impaired patients with circumscribed hippocampal lesions and 15 controls. As in the earlier studies, participants studied 12 pictures of objects and then took either a 12-item forced-choice test with four …

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When "Arbitrary" Decisions Aren't Arbitrary: Conventions And Design, Jeremiah Still, Veronica Dark Apr 2008

When "Arbitrary" Decisions Aren't Arbitrary: Conventions And Design, Jeremiah Still, Veronica Dark

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Seeing Inside The Mountains: Cynthia Rylant's Appalachian Literature And The "Hillbilly" Stereotype, Karen Roggenkamp Apr 2008

Seeing Inside The Mountains: Cynthia Rylant's Appalachian Literature And The "Hillbilly" Stereotype, Karen Roggenkamp

Faculty Publications

If Ob, as a West Virginia native, possesses the ability to see The Mysteries where others see only primitivistic whittling or, more pejoratively, tacky wooden trash cluttering the yards of mountain families, then Rylant's Appalachian works likewise depict characters who possess an ability to see beyond external markers and predictable interpretations, and who seek an emotional and spiritual interiority based on family, love, and sense of place. Rylant's words in The Relatives Came, When I Was Young in the Mountains, and Missing May work to restore the integrity of Appalachia as a place of "interior" values, a setting that symbolizes …

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Skill Evaluation In Women's Volleyball, Lindsay W. Florence, Gilbert W. Fellingham, Pat R. Vehrs, Nina P. Mortensen Apr 2008

Skill Evaluation In Women's Volleyball, Lindsay W. Florence, Gilbert W. Fellingham, Pat R. Vehrs, Nina P. Mortensen

Faculty Publications

The Brigham Young University Women's Volleyball Team recorded and rated all skills (pass, set, attack, etc.) and recorded rally outcomes (point for BYU, rally continues, point for opponent) for the entire 2006 home volleyball season. Only sequences of events occurring on BYU's side of the net were considered. Events followed one of these general patterns: serve-outcome, pass-set-attack-outcome, or block-dig-set-attack-outcome. These sequences of events were assumed to be first-order Markov chains where the quality of each contact depended only on the quality of the previous contact but not explicitly on contacts further removed in the sequence. We represented these sequences in …

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Measuring The Relationship Between Organizational Transparency And Employee Trust, Brad R. Rawlins Apr 2008

Measuring The Relationship Between Organizational Transparency And Employee Trust, Brad R. Rawlins

Faculty Publications

The literature on transparency and trust suggest the two concepts are related. While this idea is logical on its face, would it hold true if measured? Using an instrument that measures both transparency and trust, analysis of employee opinion supports this notion. In particular, organizations that encourage and allow public participation, share substantial information so their publics can make informed decisions, give balanced reports that hold them accountable, and open themselves up to public scrutiny, are more likely to be trusted.

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Legal Theoretic Inadequacy And Obesity Epidemic Analysis, David Yosifon Apr 2008

Legal Theoretic Inadequacy And Obesity Epidemic Analysis, David Yosifon

Faculty Publications

This Article explores crucial analytic and normative limitations in presently dominant and ascendant approaches to legal theory. The approaches' failure to provide a satisfying framework for analyzing the obesity epidemic presently raging undeterred in American society reveals these limitations. Conventional law and economics scholars writing on the subject have deployed familiar frameworks to reach predictable conclusions that are neither intellectually nor morally justifiable. This Article argues that recent theoretical innovations promulgated within the burgeoning law and behavioralism movement have thus far provided no more reliable a framework for legal analysis of the obesity epidemic than has conventional law and economics. …

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Entrepreneurs On Horseback: Reflections On The Organization Of Law, Darian M. Ibrahim, D. Gordon Smith Apr 2008

Entrepreneurs On Horseback: Reflections On The Organization Of Law, Darian M. Ibrahim, D. Gordon Smith

Faculty Publications

“Law and entrepreneurship” is an emerging field of study. Skeptics might wonder whether law and entrepreneurship is a variant of that old canard, the Law of the Horse. In this Essay, we defend law and entrepreneurship against that charge and urge legal scholars to become even more engaged in the wide-ranging scholarly discourse regarding entrepreneurship. In making our case, we argue that research at the intersection of entrepreneurship and law is distinctive. In some instances, legal rules and practices are tailored to the entrepreneurial context, and in other instances, general rules of law find novel expression in the entrepreneurial context. …

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Jacobus Tenbroek, Participatory Justice, And The Un Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities, Michael Ashley Stein, Janet E. Lord Apr 2008

Jacobus Tenbroek, Participatory Justice, And The Un Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities, Michael Ashley Stein, Janet E. Lord

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Reasonable Person In Trademark Law, Laura A. Heymann Apr 2008

The Reasonable Person In Trademark Law, Laura A. Heymann

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Gender Differences In The Response To Competition, Joseph Price Apr 2008

Gender Differences In The Response To Competition, Joseph Price

Faculty Publications

To investigate whether men and women respond differently to competition and whether this response depends on the gender mix of the group, the author examines outcomes of the Mellon Foundation's Graduate Education Initiative, a competitive fellowship program instituted in 1991 that was aimed at increasing graduation rates and decreasing time to degree. Men's performance, as measured by time to candidacy, increased 10% in response to the program, with the largest gains for men in departments with the highest proportions offemale students. Women did not increase performance, on average, but the response of women did differ greatly depending on the gender …

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An Informational Approach To The Mass Imprisonment Problem, Adam M. Gershowitz Apr 2008

An Informational Approach To The Mass Imprisonment Problem, Adam M. Gershowitz

Faculty Publications

The United States is plagued by the problem of mass imprisonment, with its prison population having risen by 500% in the last three decades. Because the overwhelming majority of criminal cases are resolved through plea bargaining, there is room for prosecutors to reduce mass imprisonment by exercising their wide discretion. At present, prosecutors likely do not give much consideration to the overcrowding of America 's jails and prisons when making their plea bargain offers. However, if prosecutors were regularly advised of such overcrowding they might offer marginally lower sentences across the board. For instance, a prosecutor who typically offers a …

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Family Therapy And Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Pursuing Clinical And Bio/Psycho/Social Competence, Stanley D. Hall, Roy A. Bean Mar 2008

Family Therapy And Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Pursuing Clinical And Bio/Psycho/Social Competence, Stanley D. Hall, Roy A. Bean

Faculty Publications

Childhood-onset schizophrenia is perceived as more complicated because of its complexity, pervasive duration, and impact on individual and family functioning. Viewing the symptoms of childhood schizophrenia as creating a bio/psycho/social competence within which the therapist and family must interact may help contribute to treatment success. Competent family therapists working within this culture should be knowledgeable about the characteristics of childhood-onset schizophrenia, aware of their own biases towards psychosis, and skillful in its treatment. Guidelines are provided to help therapists identify their attitudes about schizophrenia and understand appropriate skills for treating the disorder.

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Hostility & Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Elizabeth J. Vella, Thomas W. Karmarck, Saul Shiffman Mar 2008

Hostility & Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Elizabeth J. Vella, Thomas W. Karmarck, Saul Shiffman

Faculty Publications

This study sought to determine the role of hostility in moderating the effects of positive social interactions on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Design: Participants (341 adults) completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and underwent ABP monitoring, assessed every 45 min during waking hours across 6 days. An electronic diary measuring mood and social interactions was completed at each ABP assessment. Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variables from the ABP monitor included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate.

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Book Review - The Science Of Settlement: Ideas For Negotiators, Rebekah K. Maxwell Mar 2008

Book Review - The Science Of Settlement: Ideas For Negotiators, Rebekah K. Maxwell

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Sub-Symbolic Re-Representation To Facilitate Learning Transfer, Dan A. Ventura Mar 2008

Sub-Symbolic Re-Representation To Facilitate Learning Transfer, Dan A. Ventura

Faculty Publications

We consider the issue of knowledge (re-)representation in the context of learning transfer and present a subsymbolic approach for effecting such transfer. Given a set of data, manifold learning is used to automatically organize the data into one or more representational transformations, which are then learned with a set of neural networks. The result is a set of neural filters that can be applied to new data as re-representation operators. Encouraging preliminary empirical results elucidate the approach and demonstrate its feasibility, suggesting possible implications for the broader field of creativity.

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Validation Of The Ssbd In Secondary Schools: Student And Parent Correlates, Michael Richardson, Paul Caldarella, Ben Young, Ellie L. Young Mar 2008

Validation Of The Ssbd In Secondary Schools: Student And Parent Correlates, Michael Richardson, Paul Caldarella, Ben Young, Ellie L. Young

Faculty Publications

Why Screen for Behavior Problems? Screening allows for prevention and early intervention efforts, which reduce the need for more intensive services. One of the most difficult challenges teachers and administrators face is behavior and emotional problems in students.

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Effects Of Peer Praise Notes On Socially Withdrawn Adolescents: A Classroom Intervention, Julie Nelson, Natalie Webb, Paul Caldarella Mar 2008

Effects Of Peer Praise Notes On Socially Withdrawn Adolescents: A Classroom Intervention, Julie Nelson, Natalie Webb, Paul Caldarella

Faculty Publications

Socially Withdrawn Students: Students find interactions with withdrawn students to be aversive or less rewarding than interactions with other students (Stormshak, et al., 1999).; Many students avoid interactions with students who have behavioral or emotional disorders (McDowell, 1988; Myerson & Hale, 1984); Students who are socially withdrawn or isolated have difficulty learning appropriate social conduct which places them at risk for difficulties later in life (Oden, 1980; Patterson, Reid, & Dishion,1992); Children who are avoided, neglected, or teased are at high risk for developing behavioral and emotional disorders (Gresham, Macmillan, & Bocian, 1998).

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Accumulating Disadvantage Over The Life Course: Evidence From A Longitudinal Study Investigating The Relationship Between Educational Advantage In Youth And Health In Middle Age, Katrina M. Walsemann, Arline T. Geronimus, Gilbert C. Gee Mar 2008

Accumulating Disadvantage Over The Life Course: Evidence From A Longitudinal Study Investigating The Relationship Between Educational Advantage In Youth And Health In Middle Age, Katrina M. Walsemann, Arline T. Geronimus, Gilbert C. Gee

Faculty Publications

Recent studies suggest the importance of examining cumulative risk or advantage as potential predictors of health over the life course. Researchers investigating the cumulative health effects of education, however, have mainly conceptualized education in years or degrees, often disregarding educational quality and access to educational opportunities that may place individuals on divergent academic trajectories. We investigate whether educational advantages in youth are associated with an individual's health trajectory. We develop a novel index of educational advantage and employ random-intercept modeling using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We find a widening health disparity in adulthood between respondents with …

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Individual Or Collective Liability For Corporate Directors?, Darian M. Ibrahim Mar 2008

Individual Or Collective Liability For Corporate Directors?, Darian M. Ibrahim

Faculty Publications

Fiduciary duty is one of the most litigated areas in corporate law and the subject of much academic attention, yet one important question has been ignored: Should fiduciary liability be assessed individually, where directors are examined one-by-one for compliance, or collectively, where the board's compliance as a whole is all that matters? The choice between individual and collective assessment may be the difference between a director's liability and her exoneration, may affect how boards function, and informs the broader fiduciary duty literature in important ways. This Article is the first to explore the individual/collective question and suggest a systematic way …

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Gender-Role Orientation As Determinant Of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Mary Conway Dato-On, Stephen L. Mueller Mar 2008

Gender-Role Orientation As Determinant Of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Mary Conway Dato-On, Stephen L. Mueller

Faculty Publications

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is often included in entrepreneurial intentions models to explain why some individuals are more likely than others to become entrepreneurs. An unsettled question among researchers is whether ESE differs between men and women. While early studies seem to suggest that men have higher ESE than women, more recent studies are inconclusive. Lacking empirical support for gender differences in ESE compels researchers to look for other factors to explain variation in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The present study confirms two recent studies finding no significant difference in ESE between men and women in a representative sample of MBA students. This …

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Peer Review In An Undergraduate Biology Curriculum: Effects On Students’ Scientific Reasoning, Writing And Attitudes, Briana Eileen Timmerman Mar 2008

Peer Review In An Undergraduate Biology Curriculum: Effects On Students’ Scientific Reasoning, Writing And Attitudes, Briana Eileen Timmerman

Faculty Publications

Scientific reasoning and writing skills are ubiquitous processes in science and therefore common goals of science curricula, particularly in higher education. Providing the individualized feedback necessary for the development of these skills is often costly in terms of faculty time, particularly in large science courses common at research universities. Past educational research literature suggests that the use of peer review may accelerate students’ scientific reasoning skills without a concurrent demand on faculty time per student. Peer review contains many elements of effective pedagogy such as peer-peer collaboration, repeated practice at evaluation and critical thinking, formative feedback, multiple contrasting examples, and …

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Exploring Travel Agency Relationship Quality And Relationship Outcomes In China, Yinghua Huang Mar 2008

Exploring Travel Agency Relationship Quality And Relationship Outcomes In China, Yinghua Huang

Faculty Publications

This study investigates the determinants and outcomes of relationship quality in the context of the China travel industry. A conceptual model was developed and tested to identify the determinants of relationship quality and the relationships between relationship quality and key relationship outcomes. Stepwise regression analyses on the survey data show that five of six proposed predictors have significant influences on relationship quality. Further investigation of structural equation modeling demonstrates that higher relationship quality resulted in higher reputation and customer loyalty. The findings will provide travel agency managers with a guideline to develop and implement effective marketing strategies in Chinese tourism …

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Intent Attributions And Aggression: A Study Of Children And Their Parents, David A. Nelson, Carianne Mitchell, Chongming Yang Feb 2008

Intent Attributions And Aggression: A Study Of Children And Their Parents, David A. Nelson, Carianne Mitchell, Chongming Yang

Faculty Publications

This research aimed to further clarify the relationship between children’s self-reported hostile intent attributions (for ambiguous instrumental or relational provocations) and peer-reported aggression (physical and relational) in 500 fourth-grade children. In addition, we examined whether parents’ intent attributions might predict children’s intent attributions and aggression. Both parents (mothers and fathers) in 393 families completed intent attribution questionnaires. Results showed, consistent with past research, that boys’ instrumental intent attributions were related to physical aggression. Children’s relational intent attributions, however, were not associated with relational aggression. Contrary to expectations, most children responded with hostile intent attributions for relational provocations. Finally, in regard …

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The Role Of Perceived Parental Knowledge On Emerging Adults’ Risk Behaviors, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Larry J. Nelson, Stephanie D. Madsen, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry Feb 2008

The Role Of Perceived Parental Knowledge On Emerging Adults’ Risk Behaviors, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Larry J. Nelson, Stephanie D. Madsen, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the relation between parents’ knowledge of their emerging-adult children and emerging adults’ risk behaviors. Participants included 200 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 (121 women, 78 men; Mage = 19.59, SD = 1.62) and both of their parents. Results revealed that knowledge of the emerging-adult child’s activities varied as a function of parent- and child-reports, and that child outcomes associated with parental knowledge were generally positive, including less drinking, drug use, and risky sexual behavior (although this varied as a function of reporter). The …

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Torture, With Apologies, Thomas P. Crocker Feb 2008

Torture, With Apologies, Thomas P. Crocker

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Open Educational Resources: Enabling Universal Education, David Wiley, Tom Caswell, Shelley Henson, Marion Jensen Feb 2008

Open Educational Resources: Enabling Universal Education, David Wiley, Tom Caswell, Shelley Henson, Marion Jensen

Faculty Publications

The role of distance education is shifting. Traditionally distance education was limited in the number of people served because of production, reproduction, and distribution costs. Today, while it still costs the university time and money to produce a course, technology has made it such that reproduction costs are almost non-existent. This shift has significant implications, and allows distance educators to play an important role in the fulfillment of the promise of the right to universal education. At little or no cost, universities can make their content available to millions. This content has the potential to substantially improve the quality of …

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Articulatory Changes Following Treatment Of Muscle Tension Dysphonia: Preliminary Acoustic Evidence, Christopher Dromey, Shawn L. Nissen, Ray M. Merrill, Nelson Roy Feb 2008

Articulatory Changes Following Treatment Of Muscle Tension Dysphonia: Preliminary Acoustic Evidence, Christopher Dromey, Shawn L. Nissen, Ray M. Merrill, Nelson Roy

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), a voice disturbance that occurs in the absence of structural or neurological pathology, may respond to manual circumlaryngeal techniques, which ostensibly alter the posture of the larynx and/or the configuration of the vocal folds without directly targeting supralaryngeal articulatory structures. Although the phonatory benefits of these techniques have been documented previously, this investigation examined whether acoustic evidence exists for articulatory changes accompanying successful management. Method: In this retrospective study of a clinical database, pre- and post-treatment speech samples from 111 women with MTD were analyzed for acoustic evidence of supraglottal vocal tract changes associated …

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Evaluating Your Educational Program For Students With Autism, Tina Taylor Feb 2008

Evaluating Your Educational Program For Students With Autism, Tina Taylor

Faculty Publications

How do you decide what critical educational features need to be included in your service to students with autism? In the November issue of The Utah Special Educator, Cathy Longstroth (p. 75-76) outlined several characteristics of effective educational programs for students with autism. These recommendations are based upon substantial research evidence from the professional literature. You may wonder why you should design your educational programs with research in mind, when you already know "what works" for your students. On the other hand, many students with autism are hard to figure out and you may not be sure "what works" for …

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