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Beginning Of Hope, Geoffrey D. Reynolds Feb 2009

Beginning Of Hope, Geoffrey D. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

Beginning of Hope is the first of five short articles about the history of Hope College, located in Holland, Michigan.

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Antenatal Peer Support Workers And Initiation Of Breast Feeding: Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, Christine Macarthur, Kate Jolly, Lucy Annang Ingram Phd, Nick Freemantle, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Ros Hamburger, Julia Brown, Jackie Chambers, Khalid Khan Jan 2009

Antenatal Peer Support Workers And Initiation Of Breast Feeding: Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, Christine Macarthur, Kate Jolly, Lucy Annang Ingram Phd, Nick Freemantle, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Ros Hamburger, Julia Brown, Jackie Chambers, Khalid Khan

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an antenatal service using community based breastfeeding peer support workers on initiation of breast feeding. DESIGN: Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Community antenatal clinics in one primary care trust in a multiethnic, deprived population. PARTICIPANTS: 66 antenatal clinics with 2511 pregnant women: 33 clinics including 1140 women were randomised to receive the peer support worker service and 33 clinics including 1371 women were randomised to receive standard care. INTERVENTION: An antenatal peer support worker service planned to comprise a minimum of two contacts with women to provide advice, information, and support from approximately 24 …

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Longitudinal Changes In Global Brain Volume Between 79 And 409 Days After Traumatic Brain Injury: Relationship With Duration Of Coma, Mehul A. Trivedi, Michael A. Ward, Timothy M. Hess, Shawn D. Gale, Robert J. Dempsey, Howard A. Rowley, Sterling C. Johnson Jan 2009

Longitudinal Changes In Global Brain Volume Between 79 And 409 Days After Traumatic Brain Injury: Relationship With Duration Of Coma, Mehul A. Trivedi, Michael A. Ward, Timothy M. Hess, Shawn D. Gale, Robert J. Dempsey, Howard A. Rowley, Sterling C. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Neuropathological and experimental animal studies indicate that traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in long-term, neurodegenerative changes. Structural image evaluation using normalization of atrophy (SIENA) offers an automated analysis of the subtle changes in percent brain volume change (%BVC) associated with TBI. In the present study, SIENA was used to evaluate %BVC in individuals who had sustained a mild to severe TBI. We obtained 3D-T1 weighted anatomical MRI scans approximately 79 days and again 409 days post-injury. TBI patients (n= 37) displayed significantly greater decline in %BVC (-1.43%) relative to a normal comparison group (+ 0.1%, n=30). Greater %BVC was associated …

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The Dialectic Of Idolatry And Profanation: On Discerning The Spirit In Congregational Studies, Lois E. Malcolm Jan 2009

The Dialectic Of Idolatry And Profanation: On Discerning The Spirit In Congregational Studies, Lois E. Malcolm

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Trinity In Theology And Philosophy: Why Jerusalem Should Work With Athens, Alan G. Padgett Jan 2009

The Trinity In Theology And Philosophy: Why Jerusalem Should Work With Athens, Alan G. Padgett

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Tolerance, Democracy And Fundamentalism(S) : Challenges In Time Of Systemic Bifurcations, Guillermo C. Hansen Jan 2009

Tolerance, Democracy And Fundamentalism(S) : Challenges In Time Of Systemic Bifurcations, Guillermo C. Hansen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Characteristics Of Congregations That Empower Missional Leadership: A Lutheran Voice, Terri L. Elton Jan 2009

Characteristics Of Congregations That Empower Missional Leadership: A Lutheran Voice, Terri L. Elton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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How Can A Video Game Cause Panic Attacks? 1. Effects Of An Auditory Stressor On The Human Brainstem, Judith Lauter, Elizabeth Mathukutty, Brandon Scott Jan 2009

How Can A Video Game Cause Panic Attacks? 1. Effects Of An Auditory Stressor On The Human Brainstem, Judith Lauter, Elizabeth Mathukutty, Brandon Scott

Faculty Publications

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded during simultaneous binaural presentation of two types of sounds: 1) condensation clicks presented through in-the-ear earphones at 43.1/sec, 60dB nHL; and 2) recordings of breathing sounds, presented through supra-aural headphones, at levels adjusted by participants to be equivalent to the clicks. In alternate blocks, the breathing sounds were either: 1) a recording of quiet breathing (blocks 1, 3, 5); or 2) a recording of erratic (stressed) breathing (blocks 2, 4). The erratic breathing was modeled on a video game soundtrack in which the character was represented as running, wounded, and frightened. Four 2048-sweep …

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Personality, Emotion And Judgment In Virtual Environments: A Theoretical Framework, Steven A. Murphy, Michael J. Hine, Nathaniel C. Lupton, John M. Zelenski Jan 2009

Personality, Emotion And Judgment In Virtual Environments: A Theoretical Framework, Steven A. Murphy, Michael J. Hine, Nathaniel C. Lupton, John M. Zelenski

Faculty Publications

As organizations become increasingly reliant on distributive technologies, the processes that underpin the effective functioning of employees in virtual environments require systematic examination. This article provides a theoretical framework for studying personality, emotion and judgment in virtual environments. The communication media characteristics, social context, and individual traits and states are presented to portray the dynamic nature of judgment formation in a virtual environment. We argue that media characteristics, combined with personality, motivation and emergent social contexts serve to shape emotions and resultant judgments. By integrating the Information Systems (IS) and Organizational Behavior/Psychology literatures, we chart a course for research examining …

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Speaking Into Silences: Autoethnography, Communication, And Applied Research, Lisa M. Tillmann Ph.D. Jan 2009

Speaking Into Silences: Autoethnography, Communication, And Applied Research, Lisa M. Tillmann Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

In 2004, two articles in the Journal of Applied Communication Research (Ashcraft & Tretheway, 2004; Goodall, 2004) celebrated the merits of auto- and narrative ethnography, methods of research grounded in lived experience and evocative modes of representation that seek to engage readers emotionally, aesthetically, ethically, and politically. Despite these and other persuasive calls for auto- and narrative ethnographic works, few have been published in communication journals. More than four years ago, JACR offered readers arguments for this kind of scholarship, yet no full-length autoethnography appeared in its pages—until now. This article, a prelude to its companion essay, “Body and Bulimia …

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Service Learning In Preservice Teacher Preparation: Building Foundations For Engaged Professionalism In The New Millenium, Amy Strage, Susan Gomez, Kari Knutson-Miller, Ana Garcia-Nevarez Jan 2009

Service Learning In Preservice Teacher Preparation: Building Foundations For Engaged Professionalism In The New Millenium, Amy Strage, Susan Gomez, Kari Knutson-Miller, Ana Garcia-Nevarez

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Beyond The Torture Memos: Perceptual Filters, Cultural Commitments, And Partisan Identity, Cassandra Burke Robertson Jan 2009

Beyond The Torture Memos: Perceptual Filters, Cultural Commitments, And Partisan Identity, Cassandra Burke Robertson

Faculty Publications

Who should face accountability for the mistreatment of prisoners in the war on terror? Five years ago, the scope of prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib was first revealed; this year, the Justice Department admitted that a single suspect was waterboarded 183 times. Some at the bottom of the political hierarchy have already been convicted for their participation in prisoner abuse. Those closer to the top of the political hierarchy also find their actions subject to scrutiny, as the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility is carrying out an investigation into the professional conduct of the lawyers who authored the …

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Body And Bulimia Revisited: Reflections On "A Secret Life", Lisa M. Tillmann Ph.D. Jan 2009

Body And Bulimia Revisited: Reflections On "A Secret Life", Lisa M. Tillmann Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

In 1996, the author published “A Secret Life in a Culture of Thinness: Reflections on Body, Food, and Bulimia” (Tillmann-Healy, 1996), an account of her struggle with binging and purging from ages 15 to 25. She came to understand bulimia as a communicative act, expressing fear, anxiety, and grief. From 25 to 35, her recovery from bulimia involved learning to “purge” emotion through other forms of communication (e.g., dialogue, writing, and teaching). At 35, separation and divorce pose the greatest challenge to the author’s 10-year recovery, yet she does not return to bulimic expression. This article invites readers to sense …

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Poll Workers, Election Administration, And The Problem Of Implicit Bias, Antony Page, Michael J. Pitts Jan 2009

Poll Workers, Election Administration, And The Problem Of Implicit Bias, Antony Page, Michael J. Pitts

Faculty Publications

Racial bias in election administration - more specifically, in the interaction between pollworkers and voters at a voting booth on election day - may be implicit, or unconscious. Indeed, the operation of a polling place may present an “optimal” setting for unconscious racial bias to occur. Poll Workers sometimes have legal discretion to decide whether or not a prospective voter gets to cast a ballot, and they operate in an environment where they may have to make quick decisions, based on little information, with few concrete incentives for accuracy, and with little opportunity to learn from their errors. Even where …

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Does A Gatekeeper Suicide Prevention Program Work In A School Setting? Evaluating Training Outcome And Moderators Of Effectiveness, Tanya L. Tompkins, Jody Witt, Nadia Abraibesh Jan 2009

Does A Gatekeeper Suicide Prevention Program Work In A School Setting? Evaluating Training Outcome And Moderators Of Effectiveness, Tanya L. Tompkins, Jody Witt, Nadia Abraibesh

Faculty Publications

The current study sought to evaluate the suicide prevention gatekeeper training program QPR (Question, Persuade, and Refer) among school personnel using a non-equivalent control group design. Substantial gains were demonstrated from pre- to post-test for attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs regarding suicide and suicide prevention. Exploratory analyses revealed the possible moderating effects of age, professional role, prior training, and recent contact with suicidal youth on QPR participants’ general knowledge, questioning, attitudes toward suicide and suicide prevention, QPR quiz scores, and self-efficacy. The need for replication using a more rigorous experimental design in the context of strong community collaboration is discussed.

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The Short-Term Effectiveness Of A Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program In A College Setting With Residence Life Advisers, Tanya L. Tompkins, Jody Witt Jan 2009

The Short-Term Effectiveness Of A Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program In A College Setting With Residence Life Advisers, Tanya L. Tompkins, Jody Witt

Faculty Publications

Although the college years prove to be a vulnerable time for students and a critical period for suicide prevention, few school-based prevention strategies have been empirically evaluated. The current study examined the short-term effects of QPR (Question, Persuade, and Refer), a gatekeeper training program that teaches how to recognize warning signs, question suicidal intent, listen to problems, and refer for help. The 122 residence advisers (RAs) who were trained in QPR demonstrated significant post-training gains across a variety of domains relevant to suicide and suicide prevention, with the 60 completing the follow-up assessment showing sustained knowledge and appraisals into the …

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Sunday Friends: The Working Alternative To Charity, James D. Lee, Yoko Baba, Claudio V. Sanchez, Rebecca Wang, Chelsey White Jan 2009

Sunday Friends: The Working Alternative To Charity, James D. Lee, Yoko Baba, Claudio V. Sanchez, Rebecca Wang, Chelsey White

Faculty Publications

Sunday Friends is a non-profit organization in San José, California, that provides multiple activities for families who are in need of financial support. Given the particular location of the program, most families are Latino and bilingual. Participants and program volunteers form a community at an elementary school on a couple of scheduled Sundays each month. When family members participate in activities designed to educate, improve skills, and to give back to the larger community, they earn tickets that they can redeem for items that they need and want from the Sunday Friends store. Activities include healthy cooking projects, “Thank You …

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Resistance, Adaptation Or Challenge: The Versatility Of The Lutheran Code, Guillermo C. Hansen Jan 2009

Resistance, Adaptation Or Challenge: The Versatility Of The Lutheran Code, Guillermo C. Hansen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Explaining Sentences, Michael M. O'Hear Jan 2009

Explaining Sentences, Michael M. O'Hear

Faculty Publications

Despite the Supreme Court's 2005 decision in United States v. Booker, which enhanced the power of district court judges to sentence defendants below the range prescribed by the federal sentencing guidelines, the great majority of federal sentences continue to follow the guidelines' recommendations. As defendants have challenged these practices, one commonly litigated issue has been the question of whether district court judges are obligated to explain themselves when they reject a defendant's argument for a below-guidelines sentence. In the immediate aftermath of Booker, a handful of federal circuits adopted such an explanation requirement. Since 2005, however, the tide has turned, …

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Off-Court Misbehavior: Sports Leagues And Private Punishment, Janine Young Kim, Matthew J. Parlow Jan 2009

Off-Court Misbehavior: Sports Leagues And Private Punishment, Janine Young Kim, Matthew J. Parlow

Faculty Publications

This Essay examines how professional sports leagues address (apparently increasing) criminal activity by players off of the field or court. It analyzes the power of professional sports leagues and, in particular, the commissioners of those leagues, to discipline wayward athletes. Such discipline is often met with great controversy - from players’ unions and commentators alike - especially when a commissioner invokes the “in the best interest of the sport” clause of the professional sports league’s constitution and bylaws. The Essay then contextualizes such league discipline in criminal punishment theory - juxtaposing punishment norms in public law with incentives and rationales …

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Bargaining In The Shadow Of (International) Law: What The Normalization Of Adjudication In International Governance Regimes Means For Dispute Resolution, Andrea K. Schneider Jan 2009

Bargaining In The Shadow Of (International) Law: What The Normalization Of Adjudication In International Governance Regimes Means For Dispute Resolution, Andrea K. Schneider

Faculty Publications

After examining the similar goals and values that drive the simultaneous increase in international trials and the decrease in U.S. trials, the article then examines the challenges international adjudication poses to dealing with human rights violations and transitional justice situations. Simplistically, these tensions can be viewed as the need to strike a balance between peace and justice, top-down implementation and bottom-up impact, and process efficiency and conflict customization. The good news is that these challenges have been slowly working themselves out as the next generation of international adjudication models continues to improve. This continued improvement and normalization leads to an …

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He Speaks Not, Yet He Says Everything; What Of That?: Text, Context, And Pretext In State V. Jeffrey Dahmer, Gregory J. O'Meara S.J. Jan 2009

He Speaks Not, Yet He Says Everything; What Of That?: Text, Context, And Pretext In State V. Jeffrey Dahmer, Gregory J. O'Meara S.J.

Faculty Publications

In State v. Dahmer, the defense attempted to lead the jury through a series of inferences to conclude that the defendant was insane at the time he committed each of the fifteen murders charged; it portrayed a client who was fully cooperative and honest once the authorities arrested him. To make this approach work, the defense needed narrative distance between the defendant and the jury so he could not be cross examined about his meticulous planning of each murder or his prior inconsistent statements. This paper briefly lays out the development of the defense of insanity, focusing on the different …

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Rethinking Drug Courts: Restorative Justice As A Response To Racial Injustice, Michael M. O'Hear Jan 2009

Rethinking Drug Courts: Restorative Justice As A Response To Racial Injustice, Michael M. O'Hear

Faculty Publications

Specialized drug treatment courts have become a popular alternative to more punitive approaches to the "war on drugs," with nearly 2,000 such courts now established across the United States. One source of their appeal is the belief that they will ameliorate the dramatic racial disparities in the nation's prison population - disparities that result in large measure from the long sentences handed out for some drug crimes in conventional criminal courts. However, experience has shown that drug courts are not a "do-no-harm" innovation. Drug courts can produce both winners and losers when compared to conventional court processing, and there are …

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A Matter Of Context: Social Framework Evidence In Employment Discrimination Class Actions, Melissa Hart, Paul M. Secunda Jan 2009

A Matter Of Context: Social Framework Evidence In Employment Discrimination Class Actions, Melissa Hart, Paul M. Secunda

Faculty Publications

In litigation disputes over the certification of employment discrimination class actions, social scientists have come to play a central, yet controversial, role. Organizational behavioralists and social psychologists regularly testify for the plaintiffs, offering what is commonly referred to as social framework testimony. These experts explain the general social science research on the operation of stereotyping and bias in decisionmaking and examine the policies and practices operating in a challenged workplace to identify those that research has shown will tend to increase and those that will tend to limit the likely impact of these factors. Defendants fight hard against the admission …

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Commercialized Intercollegiate Athletics: A Proposal For Targeted Reform Consistent With American Cultural Forces And Marketplace Realities, Matthew J. Mitten, James L. Musselman, Bruce W. Burton Jan 2009

Commercialized Intercollegiate Athletics: A Proposal For Targeted Reform Consistent With American Cultural Forces And Marketplace Realities, Matthew J. Mitten, James L. Musselman, Bruce W. Burton

Faculty Publications

This article observes that American society’s passion for intercollegiate sports competition is an extremely powerful, naturally evolved cultural force. The marketplace responds to cultural forces, and the commercialization of college sports directly reflects the marketplace realities of our society. For example, colleges and universities rationally use their intercollegiate athletic programs, particularly NCAA Division 1 FBS football and basketball, as a means to achieve a wide range of legitimate objectives of higher education. Thus, the authors advocate that university athletic department revenues should continue to be exempt from federal taxation, specifically the unrelated business income tax (UBIT), despite the increasingly commercialized …

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The Intersection Of Dispute Systems Design And Transitional Justice, Andrea Kupfer Schneider Jan 2009

The Intersection Of Dispute Systems Design And Transitional Justice, Andrea Kupfer Schneider

Faculty Publications

Dispute Systems Design (DSD), the process of creating structures to deal with repeated or systemic disputes, can be applied to both the most mundane and the most horrific of conflicts. We know that human rights violations can be perpetrated by governments or non-state actors, can be regional or national, and can be targeted against a particular group or have random victims. We know that these violations can occur as a spurt of extreme violence over a short time or can last for generations. We also know, historically, of many different methods by which to deal with human rights violations.

The …

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Introduction: Humor In Contemporary American Poetry, Denise Duhamel, Salvatore Attardo Jan 2009

Introduction: Humor In Contemporary American Poetry, Denise Duhamel, Salvatore Attardo

Faculty Publications

Introduction piece to a special issue of Humor: International Journal of Humor Research.

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A Voice-Based Framework For Evaluating Claims Of Minority Shareholder Oppression In The Close Corporation, Benjamin Means Jan 2009

A Voice-Based Framework For Evaluating Claims Of Minority Shareholder Oppression In The Close Corporation, Benjamin Means

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Nobody's Fools: The Rational Audience As First Amendment Ideal, Lyrissa Lidsky Jan 2009

Nobody's Fools: The Rational Audience As First Amendment Ideal, Lyrissa Lidsky

Faculty Publications

Assumptions about audiences shape the outcomes of First Amendment cases. Yet the Supreme Court rarely specifies what its assumptions about audiences are, much less attempts to justify them. Drawing on literary theory, this Article identifies and defends two critical assumptions that emerge from First Amendment cases involving so-called "core" speech. The first is that audiences are capable of rationally assessing the truth, quality, and credibility of core speech. The second is that more speech is generally preferable to less. These assumptions, which I refer to collectively as the rational audience model, lie at the heart of the "marketplace of ideas" …

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Assuring Your Child Receives Support For Positive Behavior In The Classroom, Mark D. Weist Jan 2009

Assuring Your Child Receives Support For Positive Behavior In The Classroom, Mark D. Weist

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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