Digital Commons Network^™

Expertise, Lab Lit, And The Fantasy Of Science Free From Economics, David S. Caudill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Exercise Training Modality On Serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Damon L. Swift, Neil M. Johannsen, Valerie H. Myers, Conrad P. Earnest, Jasper A. J. Smits, Steven N. Blair, Timothy S. Church

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in memory, learning, and neurodegenerative disease. However, the relationship of BDNF with cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear, and the effect of exercise training on BDNF has not been previously explored in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Men and women (N=150) with type 2 diabetes were randomized to an aerobic exercise (aerobic), resistance exercise (resistance), or a combination of both (combination) for 9 months. Serum BDNF levels were evaluated at baseline and follow-up from archived blood samples.

Results: Baseline serum BDNF was not associated with fitness, body composition, anthropometry, glucose control, …

Eliciting A Sensemaking Process From Verbal Protocols Of Reverse Engineers, Adam R. Bryant, Robert F. Mills, Gilbert L. Peterson, Michael R. Grimaila

Faculty Publications

A process of sensemaking in reverse engineering was elicited from verbal protocols of reverse engineers as they investigated the assembly code of executable programs. Four participants were observed during task performance and verbal protocols were collected and analyzed from two of the participants to determine their problem-solving states and characterize likely transitions between those states. From this analysis, a high-level process of sensemaking is described which represents hypothesis generation and information-seeking behaviors in reverse engineering within a framework of goal-directed planning. Future work in validation and application of the process is discussed.

Comparison Of Therapeutic Dosimetric Data From Passively Scattered Proton And Photon Craniospinal Irradiations For Medulloblastoma, Rebecca M. Howell, Annelise Giebeler, Wendi Koontz-Raisig, Anita Mahajan, Carol J. Etzel, Anthony M. D'Amelio, Kenneth L. Homann, Wayne D. Newhauser

Faculty Publications

Background: For many decades, the standard of care radiotherapy regimen for medulloblastoma has been photon (megavoltage x-rays) craniospinal irradiation (CSI). The late effects associated with CSI are well-documented in the literature and are in-part attributed to unwanted dose to healthy tissue. Recently, there is growing interest in using proton therapy for CSI in pediatric and adolescent patients to reduce this undesirable dose. Previous comparisons of dose to target and non-target organs from conventional photon CSI and passively scattered proton CSI have been limited to small populations (n ≤ 3) and have not considered the use of age-dependent target volumes in …

Don't Ask, Don't Tell: Employment Discrimination As A Means For Social Cleansing, E. Gary Spitko

Faculty Publications

In December 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Repeal Act of 2010,” which provided for repeal of the policy prohibiting gay people from serving openly in the military, after consideration of a Department of Defense review on the implementation of such a repeal. This article examines the history of the exclusion of openly gay people from military service in the United States from the early twentieth century up until the time of the repeal. The author concludes from this review that the dominant purpose of the military’s exclusion of openly gay people was to …

Dose-Response Effects Of Exercise Training On The Subjective Sleep Quality Of Postmenopausal Women: Exploratory Analyses Of A Randomised Controlled Trial, Christopher E. Kline, Xuemei Sui, Martica H. Hall, Shawn D. Youngstedt, Steven N. Blair, Conrad P. Earnest, Timothy S. Church

Faculty Publications

Objective: To investigate whether a dose-response relationship existed between exercise and subjective sleep quality in postmenopausal women. This objective represents a post hoc assessment that was not previously considered.

Design: Parallel-group randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Clinical exercise physiology laboratory in Dallas, Texas.

Participants: 437 sedentary or overweight/obese postmenopausal women.

Intervention: Participants were randomised to one of four treatments, each of 6 months of duration: a non-exercise control treatment (n=92) or one of three dosages of moderate-intensity exercise (50% of VO_2peak), designed to meet 50% (n=151), 100% (n=99) or 150% (n=95) of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development …

Fading From The Family Portrait, Andrew Root

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Who Decides On Liberty?, Thomas P. Crocker

Faculty Publications

Whether approached as a matter of executive discretion, judicial role, or individual rights, questions about security are never far removed from questions about liberty. Tradeoffs between liberty and security often seem unavoidable. Defenders of unbounded executive power argue that security relies on experts to whom citizens and courts alike must defer. But, if the tradeoff between security and liberty is to be a real weighing of the risks, costs, benefits, burdens, and consequences of various policy decisions, then who has the necessary expertise to decide on liberty? After all, to make decisions about the appropriate balance between security and liberty …

Bullying Victimization As A Disability In Public Elementary And Secondary Education, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

This article discusses two reasons why likening bullying victimization to an educational disability makes sense. First, face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying impose on student victims the sort of educational deprivation that the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) addresses in the disabilities arena. Second, today’s belated public sensitivity to school bullying victims resembles the belated public sensitivity to students with disabilities that led to passage of the IDEA in 1975.

Dual Hiv Risk And Vulnerabilities Among Women Who Use Or Inject Drugs: No Single Prevention Strategy Is The Answer, Nabila El-Bassel, Wendee M. Wechsberg, Stacey Shaw

Faculty Publications

HIV prevention strategies and services need to address the unique and multilevel drivers that increase the vulnerabilities to HIV, HCV, and STIs among women who use drugs including those who engage in sex work. Scaling-up and improving access to multilevel and combined HIV prevention strategies for these women is central to combating the HIV epidemic.

A Comparison Of Success And Failure Rates Between Computer-Assisted And Traditional College Algebra Sections, Sherry S. Herron, Rex Gandy, Ningjun Ye, Nasser Syed

Faculty Publications

A unique aspect of the implementation of a computer algebra system (CAS) at a comprehensive university in the U.S. allowed us to compare the student success and failure rates to the traditional method of teaching college algebra. Due to space limitations, the university offered sections of both CAS and traditional simultaneously and, upon registration, students were given no indication as to which method of instruction they were going to receive. All sections covered the same concepts and a common final exam was given. In this article, we compare the final grades of students enrolled in the computer-assisted and traditional sections …

Democratic Inclusion, Cognitive Development, And The Age Of Electoral Majority, Vivian E. Hamilton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Regional Differences In Preferences For Managerial Leader Behavior In China, Romie F. Littrell, Ilan Alon, Ka Wai Chan

Faculty Publications

This study demonstrates the complexities of analyzing determinants of cultural differences between and within national cultures. Ralston, Yu, Wang, Terpstra, and He (1996) investigated geographic regional differences in values in China, finding significant differences among the regions. This study investigates geographic regional differences in preferred managerial leader behavior in four provinces. In 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 the Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire XII (LBDQ XII) was administered to people working in business organization in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province; Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province; Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province; and in the Macau Special Administrative Region, in the Peoples’ Republic of China. Significant …

Rethinking Microfinance, Lan Cao

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of L1 Orthography On The Oral Reading Of Adult English Language Learners, Kristin Lems

Faculty Publications

A descriptive study of the timed oral reading of 232 literate adult English language learners (ELLs) in a post-secondary academic program found a relationship between the proximity of their L1 orthography to English and their performance in a timed oral reading. The scores on the students’ final exams and final listening exams, on the other hand, did not correlate with their first language orthography. The author concludes that for literate ELLs, L1 orthography exerts an influence on oral reading in English, and therefore should be factored in when designing assessments that employ such a method.

Accelerometry Cut Points For Physical Activity In Underserved African Americans, Nevelyn N. Trumpeter, Hannah G. Lawman, Dawn K. Wilson, Russell R. Pate, M Lee Van Horn, Alicia K. Tate

Faculty Publications

Background: Despite their increased use, no studies have examined the validity of Actical accelerometry cut points for moderate physical activity (PA) in underserved (low-income, high-crime), minority populations. The high rates of chronic disease and physical inactivity in these populations likely impact the measurement of PA. There is growing concern that traditionally defined cut points may be too high for older or inactive adults. The present study aimed to determine the self-selected pace associated with instructions to “walk for exercise” and the corresponding accelerometry estimates (e.g., Actical counts/minute) for underserved, African American adults.

Method: Fifty one participants (61% women) had a …

Same-Sex Parenting And Children’S Outcomes: A Closer Examination Of The American Psychological Association’S Brief On Lesbian And Gay Parenting, Loren Marks

Faculty Publications

In 2005, the American Psychological Association (APA) issued an official brief on lesbian and gay parenting. This brief included the assertion: “Not a single study has found children of lesbian or gay parents to be disadvantaged in any significant respect relative to children of heterosexual parents” (p. 15). The present article closely examines this assertion and the 59 published studies cited by the APA to support it. Seven central questions address: (1) homogeneous sampling, (2) absence of comparison groups, (3) comparison group characteristics, (4) contradictory data, (5) the limited scope of children’s outcomes studied, (6) paucity of long-term outcome data, …

Voldemort Tyrannos: Plato’S Tyrant In The Republic And The Wizarding World, Anne Collins Smith, Owen M. Smith

Faculty Publications

In the Harry Potter novel series, by J. K. Rowling, the character of Lord Voldemort is the dictatorial ruler of the Death Eaters and aspiring despot of the entire wizarding community. As such, he serves as an apt subject for the application of Plato’s portrait of the tyrant in Republic IX. The process of applying Plato to Voldemort, however, leads to an apparent anomaly, the resolution of which requires that we move beyond the Republic to the account of beauty presented by Plato in the Symposium. In doing so, we shall find that while Plato can help us to understand …

A Preliminary Examination Of The Cost Savings And Learning Impacts Of Using Open Textbooks In Middle And High School Science Classes, John Hilton Iii, David Wiley, Shelley Ellington, Tiffany Hall

Faculty Publications

Proponents of open educational resources claim that significant cost savings are possible when open textbooks displace traditional textbooks in the classroom. Over a period of two years, we worked with 20 middle and high school science teachers (collectively teaching approximately 3,900 students) who adopted open textbooks to understand the process and determine the overall cost of such an adoption. The teachers deployed open textbooks in multiple ways. Some of these methods cost more than traditional textbooks; however, we did identify and implement a successful model of open textbook adoption that reduces costs by over 50% compared to the cost of …

Accelerometry Cut Points For Physical Activity In Underserved African Americans, Nevelyn N. Trumpeter, Hannah G. Lawman, Dawn K. Wilson, Russell R. Pate, M. Lee Van Horn, Alicia K. Tate

Faculty Publications

Background: Despite their increased use, no studies have examined the validity of Actical accelerometry cut points for moderate physical activity (PA) in underserved (low-income, high-crime), minority populations. The high rates of chronic disease and physical inactivity in these populations likely impact the measurement of PA. There is growing concern that traditionally defined cut points may be too high for older or inactive adults. The present study aimed to determine the self-selected pace associated with instructions to "walk for exercise" and the corresponding accelerometry estimates (e.g. Actical counts/minute) for underserved, African American adults.

Method: Fifty one participants (61% women) had a …

A Name I Call Myself: Creativity And Naming, Laura A. Heymann

Faculty Publications

In recent years, various disputes involving the use of creative works have demonstrated how trademark-related concerns lurk at the heart of what are ostensibly copyright-related claims. When recording artists such as Jackson Browne or the members of Heart object to the unauthorized use of their songs in connection with a political campaign, they are most likely not troubled about the loss of revenue resulting from the use; rather, they are likely concerned that the public will wrongly assume that the use of the song indicates that they have endorsed the political candidate. But because it is sometimes easier for them …

Review Of Marianne Gullberg And Kees De Bot (Eds): Gestures In Language Development., Gale Stam

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Accountability As Cultural Keyword, Melvin J. Dubnick

Faculty Publications

This paper examines “accountability” as a cultural phenomenon, and specifically as what Raymond Williams termed a “cultural keyword.” Williams designates as keywords those terms in a community’s vocabulary that not only provide meaningful insights into the priorities and values of that society, but also play a significant role in creating the dynamic cultural milieu that connects and shapes important and problematic social arenas. After positing that accountability has achieved cultural keyword status, I explore the term as a word, concept and speech act. (This is revision dated 5/23/2012.)

Walls Of Salvation, Hyveth Williams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Motivating Millenials: Improving Practices In Recruiting, Retaining, And Motivating Younger Library Staff, Quinn Galbraith, Sara D. Smith

Faculty Publications

Working with younger staff and student employees can be a challenge for library supervisors in a multigenerational workplace. Because members of the Millennial Generation have different work expectations, managers need to adjust to best meet their needs. By surveying its five hundred student employees, Brigham Young University's Harold B. Lee Library has learned ways to avoid miscommunication due to generational differences and to better supervise and motivate student employees. The purpose of this paper is to explore the library survey results and results from other national surveys, and to share what was learned from student employees about the Millennial Generation …

The Cortisol Awakening Response (Car) In 2-To 4-Year-Old Children: Effects Of Acute Nighttime Sleep Restriction, Wake Time, And Daytime Napping, Colleen E. Gribbin, Sarah Enos Watamura, Alyssa Cairns, John R. Harsh, Monique K. Lebourgeois

Faculty Publications

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is presumed critically important for healthy adaptation. The current literature, however, is hampered by systematic measurement difficulties relative to awakening, especially with young children. While reports suggest the CAR is smaller in children than adults, well-controlled research in early childhood is scarce. We examined whether robust CARs exist in 2- to 4-year-old children and if sleep restriction, wake timing, and napping influence the CAR (n?=?7). During a 25-day in-home protocol, researchers collected four salivary cortisol samples (0, 15, 30, 45?min post-wake) following five polysomnographic sleep recordings on nonconsecutive days after 4?hr (morning nap), 7?hr (afternoon …

Iraq And Afghanistan Veterans’ Experiences Living With Their Parents After Separation From The Military, Miranda E. Worthen, M Moos, R Ahem

Faculty Publications

When military service members separate from the military, many return to their families of origin, living with their parents for a period of several weeks to years. While research with veterans and their spouses has documented the particular strain of this reintegration period on veterans and their partners, little research to date has examined veterans’ experiences living with their parents. The present study sought to fill this research gap by investigating veterans’ experiences living with their parents using qualitative, in-depth interviews with Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in California. Overall, veterans appreciated the instrumental and emotional support their parents provided when …

Sustainability: More About The Toolmaker Than The Tools, R. Eugene Turner

Faculty Publications

A sustainable system is not necessarily a high-quality one, but it could be. We could, for example, “survive” on the desperate edge, as the remnants in a self-fouled and deteriorating environment. Why won’t a future sustainable system be just another industrial model of mass efficiency and throughput? Perhaps the incompatible outcomes are a choice between the sometimes nearly invisible civilizing aspects of culture nurturing respect, equality, and cooperation on one hand, and the greed and self-indulgences undermining social tolerance, empathy, and cooperation that ends up promoting violence and dehumanization. The human heritage is subtle, indestructible, and worth nurturing if we …

Background And Achievement Of English Language Learners With Different Levels Of English Proficiency In Dual Language Programs, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this research is to examine the language proficiency and reading achievement of a diverse group of 899 grade 4-8 ELL students enrolled in a dual language program. These students differed in background factors (parent education, SES), dual language program model (90:10, 50:50), and English language proficiency level (Begin/Early Intermediate, Intermediate, Advanced, reclassified Fluent English Proficient). Results show that there are significant effects due to language proficiency group, parent education, SES, and program model on student outcomes - English language proficiency, Spanish reading, and English reading achievement at program entry, grade 3 and current grade. Results are discussed …

Understanding Resistance To Standardization In Education: The Tragedy Of The Commons As A Theoretical Framework, Grinell Smith, Colette Rabin

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to articulate how a theory, developed in 1968 by Garrett Hardin to describe how shared resources, or “commons” can become depleted, also elucidates the mechanism by which standardization of educational outcomes and assessment have come to dominate current education discourse. We then present results of a case study of a school struggling to succeed within a context of a district’s hyper-focus on standardized measures of success, and employ the theory to illustrate its usefulness to explain what we found at the school site. We believe this theoretical framework provides interesting perspectives on current trends …