Digital Commons Network^™

Intensifying English Vocabulary Instruction For English Language Learners, Lisa A. Fitton Ph.D., Kristina Nichole Bustamante, Mary Claire Wofford, Dana Brown, Clariebelle Gabas, Rachel Hoge, Carla Wood

Faculty Publications

English vocabulary development is a key component of language and literacy development for English language learners (ELLs) living in the United States. With the increase in the number of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with ELLs on their caseloads, it has become increasingly important for SLPs to be able to facilitate vocabulary growth in ELLs. To assist SLPs working with ELLs in schools, the present paper provides an overview of strategies to enhance English vocabulary instruction for ELLs, drawing on evidence from research with both monolingual and bilingual students. Strategies included are: leveraging the native language, teaching comprehension monitoring, embedding instruction in …

Killer Robots: An Apologia, Thomas Simmons

Faculty Publications

In Forrest Gump, Gary Sinise played the character of Lieutenant Dan Taylor, a physically and psychologically wounded Vietnam War veteran. In the more than twenty years since the movie was released, Sinise has leveraged the emotional resonance of his character to support various veterans’ organizations. In recognition of his efforts, he has been named an honorary Navy Petty Officer and an honorary Marine. His Lt. Dan Band (in which Sinise plays bass) is named after the character that he made famous. There are many voices in the contemporary debate over lethal autonomous weapons systems and whether their use should …

Characteristics Of Communication In Families Of Alcoholics, Marie Haverfield, Jennifer Theiss, John Leustek

Faculty Publications

In the United States, roughly 43% of adults have encountered alcoholism in their family, and one in four children lives with an alcoholic parent (Grant, 2000). Prior research suggests that alcoholism can negatively impact the nature and quality of family relations, but studies rarely consider the specific ways in which family communication dynamics are impacted by the disease. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify the characteristics of communication in families of alcoholics and to develop a larger conceptual model to guide future inquiries in this context. A national sample of 682 adult children of alcoholics were asked …

Conflict Resolution, Jennifer Theiss, Marie Haverfield

Faculty Publications

Conflict resolution involves various behaviors, tactics, and strategies that help to resolve disputes, reduce interference in personal goals, and rebuff negative emotions toward a partner. Individuals balance a variety of goals during conflict, including instrumental goals, relational goals, identity goals, and process goals. Interpersonal power dynamics and cognitive attributions for the conflict can also influence the extent to which individuals are willing to confront problems and to engage in perspective‐taking. Conflict resolution strategies can be distributive, integrative, or avoidant in nature. Individuals tend to enact the same conflict style in response to all disagreements, which can take the form of …

Stigma Against People Living With Hiv/Aids In China: Does The Route Of Infection Matter?, Chen Zhang, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Yu Liu, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Liying Zhang, Yuejiao Zhou, Zhenzhu Tang, Zhiyong Shen, Yi Chen

Faculty Publications

In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that people who contracted HIV from “blameless” routes (e.g., blood transfusion, sex with stable partners) are less stigmatized compared to people who contracted HIV from “blamable” routes (e.g., injection drug use, sex with sex workers). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,987 participants in Guangxi province, China, between 2012 and 2013. We employed both explanatory and predictive modeling strategy by using multivariate linear regression models. In the explanatory models, we assessed the association between routes of infection and three types of stigma (perceived, internalized, and enacted). From identified routes of infection that …

Religious-Body Affirmations Protect Body Esteem For Women Who Base Self-Worth On Appearance Or Others’ Approval, Mary Inman, Anna Snyder, Kelvin Peprah

Faculty Publications

Women who base their self-worth on appearance or others’ approval are especially vulnerable to low body esteem when they view media images of thin models. We explored one way religion might mitigate the harmful media effects in these women. We tested whether basing self-worth on appearance or others’ approval was positively related to body comparisons and body surveillance. We tested whether reading religious body-affirming statements enhanced feelings of being loved, which would increase body esteem in women who base self-worth on appearance or others’ approval. This experiment manipulated the type of body-affirming statements (religious, spiritual, control) and assessed women’s body …

The Pedagogy Of Trauma-Informed Lawyering, Deeya Haldar, Sarah Katz

Faculty Publications

“Trauma-informed practice” is an increasingly prevalent approach in the delivery of therapeutic services, social and human services, and now legal practice. Put simply, the hallmarks of trauma-informed practice are when the practitioner puts the realities of the client’s trauma experiences at the forefront in engaging with the client, and adjusts the practice approach informed by the individual client’s trauma experience. Trauma-informed practice also encompasses the practitioner employing modes of self-care to counterbalance the effect the client’s trauma experience may have on the practitioner.

This article posits that teaching trauma-informed practice in law school clinics furthers the goals of clinical teaching, …

The Interactive Effect Of Major Depression And Nonsuicidal Self-Injury On Current Suicide Risk And Lifetime Suicide Attempts, Anne C. Knorr, Matthew T. Tull, Michael D. Anestis, Katherine L. Dixon-Gordon, Mary F. Bennett, Kim L. Gratz

Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study examined the main and interactive effects of MDD and lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) on current suicide risk and past suicide attempts. We predicted that individuals with a history of NSSI and current MDD would be at greater suicide risk than those with either risk factor alone. An interaction between lifetime MDD and NSSI was hypothesized for past suicide attempts.

Methods: 204 substance dependent inpatients completed self-report measures and a diagnostic interview.

Results: Patients with both a history of NSSI and current MDD, relative to all other groups, had the greatest suicide risk. No support …

Objective Research? Information Literacy Instruction Perspectives, Terry Dwain Robertson

Faculty Publications

Common understandings of “objective” research include values such as “factual” and “interpretive neutrality”. There is a growing consensus that the person, the “subject”, doing the research counts as much as if not more in the interpretive outcomes than the “facts” alone, and that “interpretive neutrality” is not possible.

The presentation offers an alternative framing of “objective research” as the grounded, intentional and savvy analysis of an “object” in conversation with a community of peers/experts for the purpose of creating knowledge.

Following Ferraris’ ontology, three classes of “objects” exist (1) Natural objects: exist whether or not a person notices them. Example: …

“Whatever God Has Yoked Together, Let No Man Put Apart:” The Effect Of Religion On Black Marriages, Cassandra Chaney Phd, Lucy Shirisia, Linda Skogrand

Faculty Publications

This qualitative study examined how religion strengthened the marriages of three (n = 6) African American couples. An ancillary purpose of this study is to examine the extent that spirituality influences the marriages of these couples. Through the use of a family-strengths framework, this study examined how a religious orientation (Hill, 1968) stabilized Black marriages. Qualitative analysis revealed the following four themes: (1) Religion is The Foundation of the Marriage; (2) Couples Consistently Practiced their Religion; (3) Couples Turned to Religion during Difficult Times; and (4) Religion Transcended Race. The findings indicate these couples practiced their religion …

Sleep In The Context Of Healthy Aging And Psychiatric Syndromes, Daniel Kay, Joseph M. Dzierzewski

Faculty Publications

Humans spend approximately 1/3 of their lives asleep. Whether due to evolutionary or ontogenetic factors, sleep and psychiatric disorders change with age. While much of sleep remains an enigma, the field of sleep research is experiencing an exponential increase in its understanding of the causes, correlates, and consequences of sleep disturbances. Although the relationship between age-related sleep and psychiatric conditions is a common clinical observation, empirical investigations into these associations remain scarce. Thus, treating patients with symptoms of sleep disorders in the context of psychiatric conditions remains a major challenge. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-science of sleep disorders in the …

Marital Orientation And Relationship Well-Being Among Cohabiting Couples, Brian J. Willoughby, Dallin Belt

Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to expand on previous studies of cohabitation to understand the relationship between marital orientations and the relationship well-being of cohabiting couples with a particular focus on using dyadic analyses to understand within-couple patterns. Results from a sample of 1,837 couples provided evidence that an intent to delay marriage and a lower importance placed on marriage for 1 partner was related to lower relationship well-being assessments for both partners in the areas of couple satisfaction, stability, and communication. Greater differences between partners in the intent to delay marriage and importance placed on marriage were also …

Manifestations Of Overarousal Account For The Association Between Cognitive Anxiety Sensitivity And Suicidal Ideation, Megan L. Rogers, Raymond P. Tucker, Keyne C. Law, Matthew S. Michaels, Michael D. Anestis, Thomas E. Joiner

Faculty Publications

Background: Recent evidence suggests an association between cognitive anxiety sensitivity and suicidal ideation. Cognitive anxiety sensitivity has also been implicated as a precursor to various forms of overarousal. These manifestations of overarousal (i.e., agitation, insomnia, nightmares, and anger) may account for the association between cognitive anxiety sensitivity and suicidal ideation.

Methods: In Study 1, undergraduate students selectively sampled for recent suicidal ideation completed all measures online. In Study 2, clinical outpatients completed all measures prior to their initial intake appointments at a psychology clinic.

Results: Study 1 demonstrated that agitation and insomnia individually and jointly accounted for …

Health And Psychosocial Outcomes Of A Telephonic Couples Behavior Change Intervention In Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Paula M. Trief, Lawrence Fisher, Jonathan G. Sandberg, Donald A. Cibula, Jacqueline Dimmock, Danielle M. Hessler, Patricia Forken, Ruth S. Weinstock

Faculty Publications

To compare glycemic control and secondary outcomes of a 4-month telephonic couples behavioral intervention to individual intervention, and to education, for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Salvaging "Safe Spaces": Toward Model Standards For Lgbtq Youth-Serving Professionals Encountering Law Enforcement, Brendan M. Conner

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Does Parental Mediation Of Media Influence Child Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis On Media Time, Aggression, Substance Use, And Sexual Behavior, Kevin M. Collier, Sarah M. Coyne, Eric E. Rasmussen, Alan J. Hawkins, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Sage E. Erickson, Madison K. Memmott-Elison

Faculty Publications

The current study examined how parental mediation of media (restrictive mediation, active mediation, and coviewing) influenced child outcomes. Three meta-analyses, 1 for each type of mediation, were conducted on a total of 57 studies. Each analysis assessed the effectiveness of parental mediation on 4 pertinent child outcomes: media use, aggression, substance use, and sexual behavior. The overall results indicated small, but significant relationships between child outcomes and restrictive mediation (r􏰀+ = 􏰁 -􏰂.06), and coviewing (r􏰀+ = 􏰁 .09). Overall active mediation was nonsignificant, though active mediation was individually related to lower levels of aggression (r􏰀 + =􏰁 -􏰂.08), sexual …

Surgical Complications And Their Impact On Patients’ Psychosocial Well-Being: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Anna Pinto, Omar Faiz, Rachel E. Davis, Alex Almoudaris, Charles Vincent

Faculty Publications

Objective Surgical complications may affect patients psychologically due to challenges such as prolonged recovery or long-lasting disability. Psychological distress could further delay patients’ recovery as stress delays wound healing and compromises immunity. This review investigates whether surgical complications adversely affect patients’ postoperative well-being and the duration of this impact.

Methods The primary data sources were ‘PsychINFO’, ‘EMBASE’ and ‘MEDLINE’ through OvidSP (year 2000 to May 2012). The reference lists of eligible articles were also reviewed. Studies were eligible if they measured the association of complications after major surgery from 4 surgical specialties (ie, cardiac, thoracic, gastrointestinal and vascular) with adult …

What Do Children Use Complements For? Representing Speaker Perspectives In Recounting Conversations, Lyle Lustigman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Prefrontal Neurons Encode Actions And Outcomes In Conjunction With Spatial Location In Rats Performing A Dynamic Delayed Non-Match To Position Task, Kristen D. Onos, Miranda J. Francoeur, Benjamin A. Wormwood, Rikki L.A. Miller Phd, Brett M. Gibson, Robert G. Mair

Faculty Publications

To respond adaptively to change organisms must utilize information about recent events and environmental context to select actions that are likely to produce favorable outcomes. We developed a dynamic delayed nonmatching to position task to study the influence of spatial context on event-related activity of medial prefrontal cortex neurons during reinforcement-guided decision-making. We found neurons with responses related to preparation, movement, lever press responses, reinforcement, and memory delays. Combined event-related and video tracking analyses revealed variability in spatial tuning of neurons with similar event-related activity. While all correlated neurons exhibited spatial tuning broadly consistent with relevant task events, for instance …

Pragmatic Language Features Of Mothers With The Fmr1 Premutation Are Associated With The Language Outcomes Of Adolescents And Young Adults With Fragile X Syndrome, Jessica Klusek, S E. Mcgrath, L Abbeduto, J E. Roberts

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Super Mario Brothers And Sisters: Associations Between Coplaying Video Games And Sibling Conflict And Affection, Sarah Coyne, Alexander C. Jensen, Nathan J. Smith, Daniel H. Erickson

Faculty Publications

Video games can be played in many different contexts. This study examined associations between coplaying video games between siblings and levels of affection and conflict in the relationship. Participants were 508 adolescents (M age = 16.31 years of age, SD = 1.08) who completed questionnaires on video game use and sibling relationships. Participants were recruited from a large Northwestern city and a moderate city in the Mountain West of the United States. Video games played between siblings were coded by an independent sample to assess levels of physical aggression and prosocial behavior in each game. Playing video games with …

A Comparison Of International Faculty Members’ Perceptions Of Shared Governance, Mei-Yan Lu, Michael Miller, Daniel Nadler

Faculty Publications

Shared governance has multiple dimensions of implementation in higher education, ranging from stakeholder input through trustee involvement to students and staff holding positions of representative power to have input into decision making. It has historically been a hallmark of higher education. The current study was developed to extend the Miller and Lu findings and specifically examining mainland Chinese faculty who are resident faculty in their homeland. The findings can have significant impact on understanding the global academy and how faculty perceive their role in higher education.

How Users Perceive And Respond To Security Messages: A Neurois Research Agenda And Empirical Study, Bonnie Anderson, Anthony Vance, C. Brock Kirwan, David Eargle, Jeffrey Jenkins

Faculty Publications

Users are vital to the information security of organizations. In spite of technical safeguards, users make many critical security decisions. An example is users' responses to security messages—discrete communication designed to persuade users to either impair or improve their security status. Research shows that although users are highly susceptible to malicious messages (e.g., phishing attacks), they are highly resistant to protective messages such as security warnings. Research is therefore needed to better understand how users perceive and respond to security messages. In this article, we argue for the potential of NeuroIS—cognitive neuroscience applied to information system (IS)—to shed new light …

In Loco Aequitatis: The Dangers Of 'Safe Harbor' Laws For Youth In The Sex Trades, Brendan M. Conner

Faculty Publications

This Article provides the first critical analysis of safe harbor laws, which rely on custodial arrests to prosecute or divert youth arrested for or charged with prostitution related offenses under criminal or juvenile codes to court supervision under state child welfare, foster care, or dependency statutes. This subject is a matter of intense debate nationwide, and on May 29, 2015 the President signed legislation that would give preferential consideration for federal grants to states that have enacted a law that "discourages the charging or prosecution" of a trafficked minor and encourages court-ordered treatment and institutionalization. Nearly universally lauded, the sound …

Islands Within An Almost Island: History, Myth, And Aislamiento In Baja California, Mexico, Ryan B. Anderson

Faculty Publications

This paper examines the persistent histories and lasting effects of the Baja California peninsula's status as an "almost island." The peninsula is almost an island in so many ways. Its reputation as an island-like entity has also ben strengthened by a longstanding myth that it was, in fact, an actual island. In many senses it was an island - isolated, remote, difficult to envision, understand, and control. Geography and climate played a vital role in all of this, but so, too, did human imagination. The author uses the concept of shima, along with discussions about the dual meanings of the …

Psychotherapy Utilization And Presenting Concerns Among Polynesian American College Students, G. E. Kawika Allen, Timothy B. Smith, Jon Cox, Ofa Hafoka, Derek Griner, Mark Beecher

Faculty Publications

This study examined psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, reported distress levels, and psychotherapy outcomes among Polynesian American students presenting for services at a counseling center at a large inter-mountain university on the mainland U.S. We collected data at intake, during therapy sessions, and at termination for 415 Polynesian American students over a 17-year period. Utilization results indicate no difference, but Polynesian American students were equally likely to utilize counseling services as European American students but were more likely to drop out earlier than European American students. At intake these students presented with shared higher numbers of presenting concerns and greater levels …

It Is Time To Talk, Part 4: What Adventists Really Think About Segregated Conferences, David K. Penno

Faculty Publications

In the previous articles of this series, we have reviewed the theological debate, the psychological/sociological dynamics, and the history of the Adventist Church in North America that relate to organizational segregation. In this final article, I will present my research findings that relate to this discussion and offer some possible first steps to move us toward a serious dialogue in the church.

Counseling Attitudes And Stigma Among Polynesian Americans, Timothy B. Smith, G. E. Kawika Allen, Ofa Hafoka

Faculty Publications

There is a paucity of research on the mental health of Pacific Islanders living in the U.S., including those of Polynesian descent. This study examined coping strategies, attitudes towards seeking mental health counseling, public and self-stigma towards seeking professional help, and psychological adjustment among 638 Polynesian Americans. On average, participants held neither favorable nor unfavorable attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, but Polynesian American men endorsed moderate self-stigma about mental illness and Polynesian American women endorsed high levels of public stigma about mental illness. Women showed relatively more favorable attitudes than men about seeking help from professional mental health providers. …

It Is Time To Talk, Part 3: How Adventist Conferences Became Segregated, David K. Penno

Faculty Publications

In the previous two articles we have discussed some theological and psychological/sociological issues as they relate to organizational segregation in the Seventh-day Church. Our purpose in these articles is not to cover each area exhaustively, but rather to pique an interest is designing a venue, a safe “container,” where an honest, open, and serious dialogue might allow us to explore the relevance of organizational segregation in the Adventist Church today. Rather than promoting a particular direction we should go, I hope to help spark the discussion that would lead us collectively, under the Holy Spirit’s guidance, to make decisions about …

It Is Time To Talk, Part 2: Why Racial Integration Is So Hard, David K. Penno

Faculty Publications

In this series of articles we are exploring some key areas that need to be addressed in any serious discussion about ethnic separation in the Adventist Church. The previous article reviewed the theological debate that speaks to the issue of organizational segregation in the church. Does the Word of God demand integration at all levels of the organization, or does it allow for some form of segregation? In this article we will describe some of the psychological and sociological realities that lead us to naturally segregate ourselves.