Digital Commons Network^™

Non-Destructive Quality Evaluation Of Tropical Fruit (Mango And Mangosteen) Purée Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined With Partial Least Squares Regression, Pimpen Pornchaloempong, Sneha Sharma, Thitima Phanomsophon, Kraisuwit Srisawat, Wasan Inta, Panmanas Sirisomboon, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Natrapee Nakawajana, Ravipat Lapcharoensuk, Sontisuk Teerachaichayut

Faculty Publications

Mango and mangosteen are commercially important tropical fruits with a short shelf life. Fruit processing is one of the alternatives to extend the shelf life of these fruits. Purée is one of the processed products of fresh fruit. In this research, the quality of mango and mangosteen purée was analyzed. Titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) were predicted using non-destructive near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was developed based on the NIR spectra with a wavelength ranging from 800 to 2500 nm. The PLSR model returned a coefficient of determination (r2) and a ratio …

Probiotic Incorporation Into Yogurt And Various Novel Yogurt-Based Products, Douglas W. Olson, Kayanush J. Aryana

Faculty Publications

Probiotics are commonly added to yogurt to provide many health benefits for the consumer. A description is provided for some commonly used probiotics in yogurt. A GRAS (generally recognized as safe) list of probiotic bacteria that can be added to yogurt or similar types of products is provided. Additionally, prebiotics, synbiotics (combination of prebiotics and probiotics), postbiotics, paraprobiotics, and psychobiotics can be added to yogurt. Probiotic yogurt can come in various forms in addition to spoonable yogurt, and yogurt can be used as an ingredient in other food products. Many useful functional ingredients can be applied to probiotic yogurt. The …

The Fan Program Plan: Creating A Healthy Church Environment For Physical Activity And Healthy Eating, John A. Bernhart Ph.D., Mph, Ches, Caroline G. Dunn, Sara Wilcox Phd, Jessica Stucker, Deborah Kinnard

Faculty Publications

Background: Faith, Activity, & Nutrition (FAN) helps churches create a healthier environment for physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) through policy, systems, and environmental changes. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation, evaluation, and revision of the FAN Program Plan across a two-phase study to help churches create guidelines and policies for PA and HE. Methods: In Phase 1, church committees attended trainings led by Community Health Advisors (CHA) where they assessed current practices to PA and HE. Committees used the FAN Program Plan to outline an implementation plan to increase opportunities, programs, messages, pastor …

Immobilization Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Ncimb 8826 Ameliorates Citrobacter Rodentium Induced Lesions And Enhances The Gut Inflammatory Response In C57bl/6 Weanling Mice, Emmanuel Kyereh, Diana Coulon, Ingeborg Langohr, Anne Raggio, Michael Keenan, Subramaniam Sathivel

Faculty Publications

Infectious diarrhea is a major cause of infant mortality in most developing countries. In this research, we evaluated the potential of immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 on weanimix infant cereal and its effectiveness in reducing the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced diarrhea in weanling mice. Thirty-six C57BL/6 weanling mice were placed into four groups (n = 9 each; negative, positive, prevention and cure). Mice received either L. plantarum (109 CFU/g) immobilized on weanimix infant cereal 3 days before C. rodentium (109 CFU/ ml) infection (Prevention) or 3 days after C. rodentium infection (Cure). A positive control group was infected with C. …

A Nationwide Study Of Maternal Exposure To Ambient Ozone And Term Birth Weight In The United States, Shengzhi Sun, Jiajia Wang, Wangnan Cao, Lizhi Wu, Yu Tian, Feng Sun, Zhenyu Zhang, Yang Ge, Jianqiang Du, Xiaobo Li, Rui Chen

Faculty Publications

Background: Maternal exposure to ozone (O₃) may cause systemic inflammation and oxidative stress and contribute to fetal growth restriction. We sought to estimate the association between maternal exposure to O₃ and term birth weight and term small for gestational age (SGA) in the United States (US).

Methods: We conducted a nationwide study including 2,179,040 live term singleton births that occurred across 453 populous counties in the contiguous US in 2002. Daily county-level concentrations of O₃ data were estimated using a Bayesian fusion model. We used linear regression to estimate the association between O_{3 …}

Subchronic Oral Cylindrospermopsin Exposure Alters The Host Gut Microbiome And Is Associated With Progressive Hepatic Inflammation, Stellate Cell Activation, And Mild Fibrosis In A Preclinical Study, Punnag Saha, Macayla Upright, Dipro Bose, Subhajit Roy, Ayushi Trivedi, Madhura More, Geoff Scott Ph.D., Bryan W. Brooks, Saurabh Chatterjee

Faculty Publications

Epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between liver injury and incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma in sections of humans globally. Several preclinical studies have shown a strong link between cyanotoxin exposure and the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a precursor of hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the emerging threats from cyanotoxins, new evidence shows cylindrospermopsin release in freshwater lakes. A known hepatotoxin in higher concentrations, we examined the possible role of cylindrospermopsin in causing host gut dysbiosis and its association with liver pathology in a mouse model of toxico-pharmacokinetics and hepatic pathology. The results showed that oral exposure to cylindrospermopsin caused decreased diversity …

Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index Score And Muscle Mass And Strength In Older Adults: A Study From National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes) 1999-2002, Lingzhi Chen, Jingjing Ming, Tianyi Chen, James Hébert Scd, Peng Sun, Li Zhang, Hongya Wang, Qingkuo Wu, Cancan Zhang, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., Bo Ban

Faculty Publications

Purpose

Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation affects muscle protein metabolism. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is a tool designed to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. The available data on the association between DII and sarcopenia are limited. We aimed to investigate the association of the DII with components of sarcopenia in individuals over 50 years of age.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002 dataset. Body composition was measured, and isokinetic strength of the knee extensors (peak force) was evaluated. Low muscle mass and strength were defined using sex-specific thresholds. Energy-adjusted DII …

Understanding Alcohol Use Discourse And Stigma Patterns In Perinatal Care On Twitter, Fritz Culp, Yuqi Wu, Dezhi Wu, Yang Ren, Phyllis Raynor, Peiyin Hung, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Kacey Eichelberger

Faculty Publications

(1) Background: perinatal alcohol use generates a variety of health risks. Social media platforms discuss fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and other widespread outcomes, providing personalized user-generated content about the perceptions and behaviors related to alcohol use during pregnancy. Data collected from Twitter underscores various narrative structures and sentiments in tweets that reflect large-scale discourses and foster societal stigmas; (2) Methods: We extracted alcohol-related tweets from May 2019 to October 2021 using an official Twitter search API based on a set of keywords provided by our clinical team. Our exploratory study utilized thematic content analysis and inductive qualitative coding methods …

Variation In Human Water Turnover Associated With Environmental And Lifestyle Factors, Yosuke Yamada, Xueying Zhang, Mary E.T. Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Misaka Kimura, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V.C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R. Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris

Faculty Publications

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development …

Hematophagy And Tick-Borne Rickettsial Pathogen Shape The Microbial Community Structure And Predicted Functions Within The Tick Vector, Amblyomma Maculatum., Abdulsalam Adegoke, Deepak Kumar, Khemraj Budachetri, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

Background: Ticks are the primary vectors of emerging and resurging pathogens of public health significance worldwide. Analyzing tick bacterial composition, diversity, and functionality across developmental stages and tissues is crucial for designing new strategies to control ticks and prevent tick-borne diseases.

Materials and methods: Here, we explored the microbial communities across the developmental timeline and in different tissues of the Gulf-Coast ticks (Amblyomma maculatum). Using a high-throughput sequencing approach, the influence of blood meal and Rickettsia parkeri, a spotted fever group rickettsiae infection in driving changes in microbiome composition, diversity, and functionality was determined.

Results: This study …

Rickettsia Parkeri Infection Modulates The Sialome And Ovariome Of The Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma Maculatum, Melina Garcia Guizzo, Khemraj Budachetri, Abdulsalam Adegoke, Jose M.C. Ribeiro, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

The Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, is a vector of several tick-borne pathogens, including Rickettsia parkeri. The ability of R. parkeri to persist within the tick population through transovarial and transstadial transmission, without apparently harming the ticks, contributes to the pathogen’s perpetuation in the tick population. Previous studies have shown that the R. parkeri load in A. maculatum is regulated by the tick tissues’ oxidant/antioxidant balance and the non-pathogenic tick microbiome. To obtain further insights into the interaction between tick and pathogen, we performed a bulk RNA-Seq for differential transcriptomic analysis of ovaries and salivary …

The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Subclinical Mastitis In Lactating European Women, Myriam C. Afeiche, Alison Iroz, Frank Thielecke, Antoino C. De Castro, Gregory Lefebvre, Colleen F. Draper, Cecilia Martiínez-Costa, Maria Jose Costeira, Mireille Vanpee, Claude Billeaud, Jean-Charles Picaud, Daryl Lim Kah Hian, Guimei Liu, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James Hébert Scd, Tinu M. Samuel

Faculty Publications

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory state of the lactating mammary gland, which is asymptomatic and may have negative consequences for child growth. The objectives of this study were to: (1) test the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and SCM and (2) assess the differences in nutrient intakes between women without SCM and those with SCM. One hundred and seventy-seven women with available data on human milk (HM) sodium potassium ratio (Na:K) and dietary intake data were included for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between nutrient intake and the DII score in relation …

Resilience Resources And Coping Strategies Of Covid-19 Female Long Haulers: A Qualitative Study, Atefeh Aghaei, Abhishek Aggarwal, Ran Zhang, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Shan Qiao Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Background: Female long haulers deal with persistent post-acute COVID-19 symptoms that have serious health implications. This study aimed to identify resilience resources at multiple socio-ecological levels for female long haulers and describe how resilience resources affect their responses to long COVID. Methods: Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit participants through social media from April to June 2021 followed by 15 semi-structured interviews. An inductive analytical approach was adopted to categorize themes by open and axial coding that were verified by peer review. Results: Female long haulers relied on resources at various socio-ecological levels to foster their resilience in response to …

Lethal Concentration And Sporulation By Contact And Direct Spray Of The Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria Bassiana On Different Stages Of Nezara Viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Maribel Portilla, Minling Zhang, James Paul Glover, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Chris Johnson

Faculty Publications

The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is the most significant pest of soybean worldwide. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a Delta native strain NI8 of Beauveria bassiana by contact and direct spray on nymphs (2nd to 5th instar) and adults of N. viridula. Water control and four concentrations of B. bassiana were used to evaluate the survival, mortality, and molting percentage and to estimate median lethal concentration (LC50), median lethal sporulation (LS50), and resistance ratio (RR50). Direct spray at all concentrations observed the greatest reduction in survival on all life stages. …

Multiscale Analysis Of Cancer Service Areas In The United States, Changzhen Wang, Tracy Onega, Fahui Wang

Faculty Publications

The purpose of delineating Cancer Service Areas (CSAs) is to define a reliable unit of analysis, more meaningful than geopolitical units such as states and counties, for examining geographic variations of the cancer care markets using geographic information systems (GIS). This study aims to provide a multiscale analysis of the U.S. cancer care markets based on the 2014–2015 Medicare claims of cancer-directed surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. The CSAs are delineated by a scale-flexible network community detection algorithm automated in GIS so that the patient flows are maximized within CSAs and minimized between them. The multiscale CSAs include those comparable in …

The Formal Institutional Context Of Informal Entrepreneurship: A Cross-National, Configurational-Based Perspective, Joshua K. Ault, Andrew Spicer

Faculty Publications

While previous comparative research has identified the formal institutional conditions that differentiate countries on their degree of informal entrepreneurship, this paper examines the characteristics that shape cross-national diversity in its type. Based on a series of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analyses (fs/QCA) of 138 country cases, we find evidence of causal heterogeneity in the configuration of institutional conditions associated with entrepreneurial outcomes that are informal and growth-oriented and those that are informal and subsistence-oriented. Given our results, we propose that the formal institutional-based conditions that differentiate between types of informal sectors are best identified by the conjoint mixture of strength and …

Determinants Of Egg Consumption By Infants And Young Children In Ethiopia, Bezawit E. Kase, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Sejla Isanovic, Wendy Gonzalez, Hana Yemane Wodajo, Eric W. Djmeu

Faculty Publications

Objective:

To identify determinants of egg consumption in infants and young children aged 6–23·9 months in Ethiopia. Design and setting:

Data used were from the cross-sectional baseline survey of an egg campaign in Ethiopia implemented by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition. Participants:

Children aged 6–23·9 months (n 453) were sampled. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, economic resources, caregiver’s behaviour, child health and feeding practices, and egg consumption in the last 7 d were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the association between explanatory variables and egg consumption in the last 7 d. Results:

About …

A Five-Country Study Of Front- And Back-Of-Package Nutrition Label Awareness And Use: Patterns And Correlates From The 2018 International Food Policy Study, Jasmin Bhawra, Sharon I. Kirkpatrick, Marissa G. Hall, Lana Vanderlee, Jim Thrasher Ph.D., Ma, Ms, Alejandra Jáuregui De La Mota, David Hammond

Faculty Publications

Objective:

This study aimed to identify correlates of nutrition label awareness and use, particularly subgroup differences among consumers. Two label types were assessed: (1) nutrition facts tables (NFt) in Australia, Canada, Mexico, UK, and USA and (2) front-of-package (FOP) labels, including mandatory Guideline Daily Amounts (Mexico), voluntary Health Star Ratings (Australia) and voluntary Traffic Lights (UK). Design:

Respondents were recruited using Nielsen Consumer Insights Global Panel (n 21 586) and completed online surveys in November–December 2018. Linear regression and generalised linear mixed models examined differences in label use and awareness between countries and label type based on sociodemographic, knowledge-related and …

Process Evaluation Methods And Results From The Health In Pregnancy And Postpartum (Hipp) Randomized Controlled Trial, Sarah Wilcox Phd, Alicia A. Dahl, Alycia K. Boutté, Jihong Liu Sc.D., Kelsey Day, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy Ph.D., Rd, Ellen Wingard

Faculty Publications

Background

Excessive gestational weight gain has increased over time and is resistant to intervention, especially in women living with overweight or obesity. This study described the process evaluation methods and findings from a behavioral lifestyle intervention for African American and white women living with overweight and obesity that spanned pregnancy (≤ 16 weeks gestation) through 6 months postpartum.

Methods

The Health in Pregnancy and Postpartum (HIPP) study tested a theory-based behavioral intervention (vs. standard care) to help women (N = 219; 44% African American, 29.1 ± 4.8 years) living with overweight or obesity meet weight gain guidelines in pregnancy and …

Associations Between Visceral Adipose Tissue Estimates Produced By Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Mobile Anthropometrics, And Traditional Body Composition Assessments And Estimates Derived From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Austin J. Graybeal, Caleb F. Brandner, Grant M. Tinsley, Hunter Haynes, Jon Stavres

Faculty Publications

Assessments of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are critical in preventing metabolic disorders; however, there are limited measurement methods that are accurate and accessible for VAT. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between VAT estimates from consumer-grade devices and traditional anthropometrics and VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected from 182 participants (female = 114; White = 127; Black/African-American (BAA) = 48) which included anthropometrics and indices of VAT produced by near-infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS), visual body composition (VBC) and multifrequency BIA (MFBIA). VAT and SAT were collected using …

Higher Adherence To A Mediterranean Diet Is Associated With Improved Insulin Sensitivity And Selected Markers Of Inflammation In Individuals Who Are Overweight And Obese Without Diabetes, Surbhi Sood, Jack Feehan, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Kirsty Wilson, Magdalena Plebanski, David Scott, James Hébert Scd, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., Aya Mousa, Elena S. George, Barbora De Courten

Faculty Publications

Insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low-grade inflammation are risk factors for chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate two dietary indices: Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), and their associations with direct measures of glucose metabolism and adiposity, and biochemical measures including lipids, cytokines and adipokines in overweight/obese adults. This cross-sectional study included 65 participants (males = 63%; age 31.3 ± 8.5 years). Dietary intake via 3-day food diaries was used to measure adherence to MDS (0–45 points); higher scores indicating adherence. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were calculated with …

A Latitudinal Signal In The Relationship Between Species Geographic Range Size And Climatic Niche Area, Tad Dallas, Andrew Kramer

Faculty Publications

Species with broader niches may have the opportunity to occupy larger geographic areas, assuming no limitations on dispersal and a relatively homogeneous environmental space. Here, we use data on a large set of mammal (n = 1225), bird (n = 1829) and tree (n = 341) species to examine the 1) relationship between geographic range size and climatic niche area, 2) influence of species traits on species departures from this relationship and 3) sensitivity of these relationships to how species range size and climatic niche area are estimated. We find positive geographic range size–climatic niche area relationships for all taxa, …

The Impact Of Meal Dietary Inflammatory Index On Exercise-Induced Changes In Airway Inflammation In Adults With Asthma, Katrina P. Mcdiarmid, Lisa G. Wood, John W. Upham, Lesley K. Macdonald-Wicks, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James R. Hébert Scd, Hayley A. Scott

Faculty Publications

Research suggests exercise may reduce eosinophilic airway inflammation in adults with asthma. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) quantifies the inflammatory potential of the diet and has been associated with asthma outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the DII of a meal consumed either before or after exercise influences exercise-induced changes in airway inflammation. A total of 56 adults with asthma were randomised to (1) 30–45 min moderate–vigorous exercise, or (2) a control group. Participants consumed self-selected meals, two hours pre- and two hours post-intervention. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM) was determined for each meal, with meals then characterised as “anti-inflammatory” or …

The Exercise Metabolome: Acute Aerobic And Anaerobic Signatures, Joseph K. Pellegrino, Tracy G. Anthony, Peter Gillies, Shawn M. Arent

Faculty Publications

Background

Exercise modality differentially alters body composition and physical performance. Metabolic changes underlying these outcomes can be tracked through assessment of circulating metabolites. Here, global responses to an acute bout of aerobic or anaerobic exercise were compared in the serum of male and female subjects using a discovery-based metabolomics platform.

Methods

On separate days, 40 healthy, active participants completed 45 min of aerobic cycling or resistance exercise, and blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after (T1) and 1 hour post-exercise (T2) to examine the serum metabolomic landscape.

Results

The two exercise metabolomes appeared more similar than different in this …

Isolation And Functional Analysis Of A Pancreatic Enzyme In An Introductory Student Lab, Peter J. Lyons

Faculty Publications

Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biology. This topic is typically addressed early in an undergraduate class in general or molecular biology before students have gained much skill or knowledge in molecular biology. However, an understanding of the chemical bonds involved in forming and maintaining the structure of proteins is critical to understanding how enzymes function and how their activity can be regulated. Here, a laboratory activity is described that is suitable for undergraduate biology students. This activity examines the activity of carboxypeptidase A (CPA), an abundant pancreatic enzyme with a rich history in enzymology and structural …

Dissemination Trial For Health For Hearts United: Model Development, Preliminary Outcomes And Lessons Learned, Penny A. Ralston, Iris Young-Clark, Kandauda Wickrama, Catherine Coccia, Jennifer L. Lemacks, Arrie M. Battle, Celeste Hart, Jasminka Z. Ilich

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Probiotic Characteristics Of Streptococcus Thermophilus And Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Ssp. Bulgaricus As Influenced By Carao (Cassia Grandis), David Paz, Ricardo S. Aleman, Roberto Cedillos, Douglas W. Olson, Kayanush Aryana, Jhunior Marcia, Charles Boeneke

Faculty Publications

Carao is considered a functional ingredient since its bioactive compounds are meaningful in nutritional, pharmacological, and medicinal applications. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of carao pulp powder on the bacterial viability, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and protease activity of S. thermophilus STI-06 and L. bulgaricus LB-12. M17 broth with 0.5% lactose and MRS broth were used for S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus, respectively, for determining bacterial viability, acid tolerance, and bile tolerance. Skim milk was used to study the protease activity of both bacteria. The carao was added at 0 (control), 1.3, 2.6, and 5.3 …

Single-Screen Bark Particle Separation Can Be Used To Engineer Stratified Substrate Systems, Jeb S. Fields, Kristopher S. Criscione, Ashley Edwards

Faculty Publications

Substrate stratification is an emerging substrate management strategy involving layering multiple substrate materials within a single container to modify physiochemical characteristics of the substrate system. Specifically, stratifying allows growers and researchers to rearrange the air–water balance within a container to modify hydraulic characteristics. Moreover, fertilizer can be incorporated into just the upper strata to reduce leaching. Research to date has shown benefits associated with resource efficiency, production timing, and weed control. With the associated benefits for substrate stratification, interested growers will need pragmatic solutions for onsite trials. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify a cost-effective solution for …

Characterization Of Resistance To The Mexican Rice Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Among Sugarcane Cultivars, Leonardo D. Salgado, Blake E. Wilson, Hannah J. Penn, Randy T. Richard, Michael O. Way

Faculty Publications

Cultivar resistance is an essential management strategy for the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), in sugarcane in the USA, but resistance mechanisms are poorly understood. Resistance was evaluated among Louisiana’s (USA) commercial sugarcane cultivars and experimental clones through field screenings, greenhouse trials, and a diet incorporation assay. Cultivars L 01-299 and HoCP 85-845 had the lowest borer injury levels, while HoCP 00-950 and L 12-201 were among the most heavily injured in field and greenhouse trials. The variability of results between the two field trials suggests that a genotype × environment interaction might affect the expression of resistance. Oviposition …

Variability In Energy Expenditure Is Much Greater In Males Than Females, Lewis G. Halsey, Vincent Careau, Herman Pontzer, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V.C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G.J.A. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas

Faculty Publications

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494 males and 3108 females) to investigate whether …