Digital Commons Network^™

Toxocara Seroprevalence And Associated Risk Factors In The United States, Bruce L. Brown, Andrew N. Berrett, Lance D. Erickson, Shawn D. Gale, Allison Stone, Dawson W. Hedges

Faculty Publications

Caused by the parasitic nematodes Toxocara canis and cati, toxocariasis in humans can result in covert toxocariasis, ocular toxocariasis, visceral larval migrans, and neurotoxocariasis. A common infection, toxocariasis exposure varies widely within and between countries, with a previous estimate of Toxocara seroprevalence using data from 1988 to 1994 in the United States of approximately 13%. Age, poverty, sex, educational attainment, ethnicity, and region have been associated with Toxocara seroprevalence. In this study, we sought to determine the seroprevalence of and factors associated with Toxocara seropositivity in the United States using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from …

Corticosteroid-Laba Inhalers Increase Phonation Threshold Pressure (Ptp) And Flow (Ptf) In Rabbits, Christopher Dromey, Kristine Tanner, Heidi J. Robison, Maya Elena Stevens, Ray M. Merrill, Julie Barkmeier-Kraemer, Ben Christensen

Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study examined the effects of a combination corticosteroid plus long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist inhaler (IC) on rabbit phonation. Methods: White New Zealand male rabbits were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups (n = 11 per group). The experimental group received twice-daily doses of Advair HFA™ (fluticasone propionate 45 mcg and salmeterol 21 mcg) via a veterinary facemask with 1-way valve and spacer; the control group received aerosolized saline. After 8 weeks, animals were euthanized, larynges excised, frozen, and subsequently thawed and mounted on a standard bench apparatus. Phonation was elicited during 15 successive trials, and phonation threshold pressure …

Isotopic Analysis Of Sporocarp Protein And Structural Material Improves Resolution Of Fungal Carbon Sources, Janet Chen, Kirsten S. Hofmockel, Erik A. Hobbie

Faculty Publications

Fungal acquisition of resources is difficult to assess in the field. To determine whether fungi received carbon from recent plant photosynthate, litter or soil-derived organic (C:N bonded) nitrogen, we examined differences in δ13C among bulk tissue, structural carbon, and protein extracts of sporocarps of three fungal types: saprotrophic fungi, fungi with hydrophobic ectomycorrhizae, or fungi with hydrophilic ectomycorrhizae. Sporocarps were collected from experimental plots of the Duke Free-air CO2 enrichment experiment during and after CO2 enrichment. The differential 13C labeling of ecosystem pools in CO2 enrichment experiments was tracked into fungi and provided novel insights into organic nitrogen use. Specifically, …

Evolutionary Innovation And Diversification Of Carotenoid-Based Pigmentation In Finches, Russell A. Ligon, Richard K. Simpson, Nicholas A. Mason, Geoffrey E. Hill, Kevin J. Mcgraw

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Author(s). Evolution © 2016 The Society for the Study of Evolution. The ornaments used by animals to mediate social interactions are diverse, and by reconstructing their evolutionary pathways we can gain new insights into the mechanisms underlying ornamental innovation and variability. Here, we examine variation in plumage carotenoids among the true finches (Aves: Fringillidae) using biochemical and comparative phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of carotenoid states and evaluate competing models of carotenoid evolution. Our comparative analyses reveal that the most likely ancestor of finches used dietary carotenoids as yellow plumage colorants, and that the ability …

Obese Mice Fed A Diet Supplemented With Enzyme-Treated Wheat Bran Display Marked Shifts In The Liver Metabolome Concurrent With Altered Gut Bacteria, Dorothy A. Kieffer, Brian D. Piccolo, Maria L. Marco, Eun Bae Kim, Michael L. Goodson, Michael J. Keenan, Tamara N. Dunn, Knud Erik Bach Knudsen, Sean H. Adams, Roy J. Martin

Faculty Publications

Background: Enzyme-treated wheat bran (ETWB) contains a fermentable dietary fiber previously shown to decrease liver triglycerides (TGs) and modify the gut microbiome in mice. It is not clear which mechanisms explain how ETWB feeding affects hepatic metabolism, but factors (i.e., xenometabolites) associated with specific microbes may be involved. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize ETWB-driven shifts in the cecal microbiome and to identify correlates between microbial changes and diet-related differences in liver metabolism in diet-induced obese mice that typically display steatosis. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice fed a 45%-lard-based fat diet supplemented with ETWB (20% wt:wt) or …

Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet Supplemented With Resistant Starch Display Marked Shifts In The Liver Metabolome Concurrent With Altered Gut Bacteria, Dorothy A. Kieffer, Brian D. Piccolo, Maria L. Marco, Eun Bae Kim, Michael L. Goodson, Michael J. Keenan, Tamara N. Dunn, Knud Erik Bach Knudsen, Roy J. Martin, Sean H. Adams

Faculty Publications

Background: High-amylose-maize resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) is a fermentable dietary fiber known to alter the gut milieu, including the gut microbiota, which may explain the reported effects of resistant starch to ameliorate obesityassociated metabolic dysfunction. Objective: Our working hypothesis was that HAMRS2-induced microbiome changes alter gut-derived signals (i.e., xenometabolites) reaching the liver via the portal circulation, in turn altering liver metabolism by regulating gene expression and other pathways. Methods: We used a multi-omics systems biology approach to characterize HAMRS2-driven shifts to the cecal microbiome, liver metabolome, and transcriptome, identifying correlates between microbial changes and liver metabolites under obesogenic conditions …

Marine Microalgae: Climate, Energy, And Food Security From The Sea, Charles H. Greene, Mark E. Huntley, Ian Archibald, Léda N. Gerber, Deborah L. Sills, Joe Granados, Jefferson W. Tester, Colin M. Beal, Michael J. Walsh, Robert R. Bidigare, Susan L. Brown, William P. Cochlan, Zackary I. Johnson, Xin Gen Lei, Stephen C. Machesky, Donald Redalje, Ruth E. Richardson, Viswanath Kiron, Virginia Corless

Faculty Publications

Climate, energy, and food security are three of the greatest challenges society faces this century. Solutions for mitigating the effects of climate change often conflict with solutions for ensuring society’s future energy and food requirements. For example, BioEnergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) has been proposed as an important method for achieving negative CO2 emissions later this century while simultaneously producing renewable energy on a global scale. However, BECCS has many negative environmental consequences for land, nutrient, and water use as well as biodiversity and food production. In contrast, large-scale industrial cultivation of marine microalgae can provide society with …

The Impact Of Digital Technology On Health Of Populations Affected By Humanitarian Crises: Recent Innovations And Current Gaps, Sandra Mesmar, Reem Talhouk, Chaza Akik, Patrick Olivier, Imad H. Elhajj, Shady Elbassuoni, Sarah Armoush, Joumana Kalot, Madeline Balaam, Aline Germani, Hala Ghattas Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Digital technology is increasingly used in humanitarian action and promises to improve the health and social well-being of populations affected by both acute and protracted crises. We set out to (1) review the current landscape of digital technologies used by humanitarian actors and affected populations, (2) examine their impact on health and well-being of affected populations, and (3) consider the opportunities for and challenges faced by users of these technologies. Through a systematic search of academic databases and reports,weidentified 50digital technologies used by humanitarian actors, and/or populations affected by crises. We organized them according to the stage of the humanitarian …

Inflammatory Properties Of Diet And Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis In A Cohort Of Iranian Adults, Nazanin Moslehi, Behnaz Ehsani, Parvin Mirmiran, Nitin Shivappa, Maryam Tohidi, James R. Hébert, Fereidoun Azizi

Faculty Publications

We aimed to investigate associations of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with glucose-insulin homeostasis markers, and the risk of glucose intolerance. This cross-sectional study included 2975 adults from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-load glucose (2h-PG), and fasting serum insulin were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Glucose tolerance abnormalities included impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DII scores were positively associated with 2h-PG (β = 0.04; p = 0.05). …

Historical Fire In Longleaf Pine (Pinus Palustris) Forests Of South Mississippi And Its Relation To Land Use And Climate, Charles Raymond White, Grant L. Harley

Faculty Publications

We characterized historical fire regimes in Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) forests of southern Mississippi with regard to global and regional coupled climate systems (e.g., El Niño–Southern Oscillation) and past human activity. The composite fire chronology spanned 1756–2013 with 132 individual scars representing 89 separate fire events. The mean fire interval was 2.9 yr, and mean intervals were significantly different between identified time periods (e.g., settlement period vs. management period). Evidence of biannual fire activity (up to three fires occurring within a 12‐ to 15‐month period) was found coeval with a peak in livestock grazing and logging from the 1850s through …

Substance Use And Psychosocial Status Among People Living With Hiv/Aids Who Encountered Hiv Stigma In China: Stratified Analyses By Socio-Economic Status, Chen Zhang, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Yu Liu, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Yuejiao Zhou, Zhiyong Shen, Yi Chen

Faculty Publications

This study examined whether the impact of HIV stigma on psychosocial status and substance use among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) differed by their socio-economic status (SES) in a Chinese setting. A total of 2,987 PLWHA were recruited from 12 sites with the highest number of cumulative HIV incidence in Guangxi, China. Participants were asked to provide information regarding their psychosocial status (e.g., depression, anxiety), history of substance use (e.g., tobacco, alcohol and drug) and SES (e.g., education, monthly income, residence type, and job category). By employing stratified multivariate regression analyses, we assessed stratum-specific impacts of HIV stigma on PLWHA’s …

Substance Use And Psychosocial Status Among People Living With Hiv/Aids Who Encountered Hiv Stigma In China: Stratified Analyses By Socio-Economic Status, Chen Zhang, Xiaoming Li, Yu Liu, Shan Qiao, Yuejiao Zhou, Zhiyong Shen, Yi Chen

Faculty Publications

This study examined whether the impact of HIV stigma on psychosocial status and substance use among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) differed by their socio-economic status (SES) in a Chinese setting. A total of 2,987 PLWHA were recruited from 12 sites with the highest number of cumulative HIV incidence in Guangxi, China. Participants were asked to provide information regarding their psychosocial status (e.g., depression, anxiety), history of substance use (e.g., tobacco, alcohol and drug) and SES (e.g., education, monthly income, residence type, and job category). By employing stratified multivariate regression analyses, we assessed stratum-specific impacts of HIV stigma on PLWHA’s …

Magazine Influence On Body Dissatisfaction: Fashion Vs. Health?, Paulina Swiatkowski

Faculty Publications

Fashion magazines have been shown to have a negative relationship with body dissatisfaction and psychological health, while the effects of health magazines on body dissatisfaction and psychological health have mainly been studied with men. However, because of gender differences, health magazine consumption effects on men cannot be applied equally to women. Therefore, the present study uses sociocultural theory to study health magazine and possible similarities to fashion magazine effects on women’s body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Sociocultural attitude toward appearance is then explored as a mediator and potential moderator in the established relationship between magazine consumption and psychological health, …

Pancreatic Β-Cell Production Of Cxcr3 Ligands Precedes Diabetes Onset, Susan J. Burke, Michael D. Karlstad, Adrianna E. Eder, Kellie M. Regal, Danhong Lu, David H. Burk, J. Jason Collier

Faculty Publications

© 2016 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from immune cell-mediated reductions in function and mass of the insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreatic islets. While the initial trigger(s) that initiates the autoimmune process is unknown, there is a leukocytic infiltration that precedes islet β-cell death and dysfunction. Herein, we demonstrate that genes encoding the chemokines CXCL9, 10, and 11 are primary response genes in pancreatic β-cells and are also elevated as part of the inflammatory response in mouse, rat, and human islets. We further established that STAT1 participates in the transcriptional control of …

Research Needs To Improve Hypertension Treatment And Control In African Americans, Paul K. Whelton, Paula T. Einhorn, Paul Muntner, Lawrence J. Appel, William C. Cushman, Ana V.Diez Roux, Keith C. Ferdinand, Mahboob Rahman, Herman A. Taylor, Jamy Ard, Donna K. Arnett, Barry L. Carter, Barry R. Davis, Barry I. Freedman, Lisa A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Nara Gavini, Alan S. Go, David J. Hyman, Paul L. Kimmel, Karen L. Margolis, Edgar R. Miller, Katherine T. Mills, George A. Mensah, Ann M. Navar, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Michael K. Rakotz, George Thomas, Jonathan N. Tobin, Jackson T. Wright, Sung Sug Sarah Yoon, Jeffrey A. Cutler

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Negative Effects Of Pathogen-Infected Prey On Predators: A Meta-Analysis, Andrew J. Flick, Miguel A. Acevedo, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Authors Intra-guild predation (IGP) – where a top predator (IGPred) consumes both a basal resource and a competitor for that resource (IGPrey) – has become a fundamental part of understanding species interactions and community dynamics. IGP communities composed of intraguild predators and prey have been well studied; however, we know less about IGP communities composed of predators, pathogens, and resources. Resource quality plays an important role in community dynamics and may influence IGP dynamics as well. We conducted a meta-analysis on predator–pathogen–resource communities to determine whether resource quality mediated by the pathogen affected predator life-history traits and …

Fluctuating Asymmetry In Two Common Freshwater Fishes As A Biological Indicator Of Urbanization And Environmental Stress Within The Middle Chattahoochee Watershed, William I. Lutterschmidt, Samantha L. Martin, Jacob F. Schaefer

Faculty Publications

Deviations in bilateral symmetry or fluctuating asymmetry of an organism may result under environmental stressors that reduce developmental homeostasis and stability. Anthropogenic stressors such as increased urbanization can negatively impact environmental quality of aquatic ecosystems. Researchers have stressed the value in finding easy, accurate and inexpensive methods for assessing potential stress within ecosystems. Here we use fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as a useful quantitative tool in assessing the environmental quality and potential urban-based stressors within eight creeks of the Bull and Upatoi Creeks Watershed within the larger watershed of the Middle Chattahoochee. Using Geographic Information System (GIS), we characterize land-use patterns …

Impacts On Breastfeeding Practices Of At Scale Strategies That Combine Intensive Interpersonal Counseling, Mass Media, And Community Mobilization: Results Of Cluster Randomized Program Evaluations In Bangladesh And Viet Nam, Purnima Menon, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Kuntal Kumar Saha, Adiba Khaled, Andrew Kennedy, Lan Mai Tran, Tina Sanghvi, Nemat Hajeebhoy, Jean Baker, Silvia Alayon, Kaosar Afsana, Raisul Haque, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Marie T. Ruel, Rahul Rawat

Faculty Publications

Background

Despite recommendations supporting optimal breastfeeding, the number of women practicing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remains low, and few interventions have demonstrated implementation and impact at scale. Alive & Thrive was implemented over a period of 6 y (2009–2014) and aimed to improve breastfeeding practices through intensified interpersonal counseling (IPC), mass media (MM), and community mobilization (CM) intervention components delivered at scale in the context of policy advocacy (PA) in Bangladesh and Viet Nam. In Bangladesh, IPC was delivered through a large non-governmental health program; in Viet Nam, it was integrated into government health facilities. This study evaluated the population-level impact …

Condition Of Larval Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus Maculatus In Relation To The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, John Timothy Ransom, J.E. Filbrun, Frank J. Hernandez Jr.

Faculty Publications

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWHOS) coincided with the pelagic larval stages of many valued commercial and recreational fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Larval fish survival and eventual recruitment into adult populations may have been impacted directly through toxicity or indirectly through changes in the planktonic food web caused by the release of oil and chemical dispersants during the DWHOS event. Using samples from a long-term ichthyoplankton survey off the coast of Alabama, USA, in a region impacted by the DWHOS, the abundance and condition of larval Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus maculatus were compared during summer months in years …

Impact Of Different Fecal Processing Methods On Assessments Of Bacterial Diversity In The Human Intestine, Yu Hsin Hsieh, Courtney M. Peterson, Anne Raggio, Michael J. Keenan, Roy J. Martin, Eric Ravussin, Maria L. Marco

Faculty Publications

The intestinal microbiota are integral to understanding the relationships between nutrition and health. Therefore, fecal sampling and processing protocols for metagenomic surveys should be sufficiently robust, accurate, and reliable to identify the microorganisms present. We investigated the use of different fecal preparation methods on the bacterial community structures identified in human stools. Complete stools were collected from six healthy individuals and processed according to the following methods: (i) randomly sampled fresh stool, (ii) fresh stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, (iii) randomly sampled frozen stool, and (iv) frozen stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, or (v) …

Exposure To Large-Scale Social And Behavior Change Communication Interventions Is Associated With Improvements In Infant And Young Child Feeding Practices In Ethiopia, Sunny S. Kim, Rahul Rawat, Edina M. Mwangi, Roman Tesfaye, Yewelsew Abebe, Jean Baker, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Marie T. Ruel, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

Optimal breastfeeding (BF) practices in Ethiopia are far below the government’s targets, and complementary feeding practices are poor. The Alive & Thrive initiative aimed to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices through large-scale implementation of social and behavior change communication interventions in four regions of Ethiopia. The study assessed the effects of the interventions on IYCF practices and anthropometry over time in two regions–Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region and Tigray. A pre- and post-intervention adequacy evaluation design was used; repeated cross-sectional surveys of households with children aged 0–23.9 mo (n = 1481 and n = 1494) and …

Associations Among Elementary School Children’S Actual Motor Competence, Perceived Motor Competence, Physical Activity And Bmi : A Cross-Sectional Study, An V. De Meester, David F. Stodden, Ali S. Brian, Larissa True, Greet Cardon, Isabel Tallir, Leen Haerens

Faculty Publications

Background

Positive associations between motor competence and physical activity have been identified by means of variable-centered analyses. To expand the understanding of these associations, this study used a person-centered approach to investigate whether different combinations (i.e., profiles) of actual and perceived motor competence exist (aim 1); and to examine differences in physical activity levels (aim 2) and weight status (aim 3) among children with different motor competence-based profiles.

Materials and Methods

Children’s (N = 361; 180 boys = 50%; Mage = 9.50±1.24yrs) actual motor competence was measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and their perceived motor …

Support And Negation Of Colorectal Cancer Risk Prevention Behaviors: Analysis Of Spousal Discussions, Wendy C. Birmingham, Maija Reblin, Wendy Kohlmann, Tyler Graff

Faculty Publications

The shared social context created in a marriage may be important in motivating engagement in health behaviors, but spousal influence may not be uniformly applied. Our goal was to examine how spouses discuss health behaviors relevant for colorectal cancer (CRC) riskreduction to better understand how spouses exert or fail to exert influence. In this pilot study, first degree relatives of CRC patients and their spouses completed demographic and self-reported health questionnaires. After a genetic counseling session regarding risk and risk reduction, couples engaged in a semi-structured discussion task to discuss lifestyle choices they currently undertake or could undertake to reduce …

Effects Of Using Phenotypic Means And Genotypic Values In Gge Biplot Analyses On Genotype By Environment Studies On Tropical Maize (Zea Mays), I. S.C. Granato, R. Fritsche-Neto, M. D.V. Resende, F. F. Silva

Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the type and intensity of nutritional stress, and of the statistical treatment of the data, on the genotype x environment (G x E) interaction for tropical maize (Zea mays). For this purpose, 39 hybrid combinations were evaluated under low- and high-nitrogen and -phosphorus availability. The plants were harvested at the V6 stage, and the shoot dry mass was estimated. The variance components and genetic values were assessed using the restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction method, and subsequently analyzed using the GGE biplot method. We observed differences in the …

Combining Intensive Counseling By Frontline Workers With A Nationwide Mass Media Campaign Has Large Differential Impacts On Complementary Feeding Practices But Not On Child Growth: Results Of A Cluster-Randomized Program Evaluation In Bangladesh, Purnima Menon, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Kuntal Kumar Saha, Adiba Khaled, Tina Sanghvi, Jean Baker, Kaosar Afsana, Raisul Haque, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Marie T. Ruel, Rahul Rawat

Faculty Publications

Background: Complementary feeding (CF) contributes to child growth and development, but few CF programs are delivered at scale. Alive & Thrive addressed this in Bangladesh through intensified interpersonal counseling (IPC), mass media (MM), and community mobilization (CM).

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the impact of providing IPC + MM + CM (intensive) compared with standard nutrition counseling + less intensive MM + CM (nonintensive) on CF practices and anthropometric measurements.

Methods: We used a cluster-randomized, nonblinded evaluation with cross-sectional surveys [n = ∼600 and 1090 children 6-23.9 mo and 24-47.9 mo/group, respectively, at baseline (2010) and n = ∼500 …

A Snapshot Of The Microbiome Of Ambylomma Tuberculatum Ticks Infesting The Gopher Tortoise, An Endangered Species, Khemraj Budachetri, Daniel Lyle Gaillard, Jaclyn Bo Williams, Nabanita Mukherjee, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

The gopher tortoise tick, Amblyomma tuberculatum, has a unique relationship with the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, found in sandy habitats across the southeastern United States. We aimed to understand the overall bacterial community associated with A. tuberculatum while also focusing on spotted fever group Rickettsia. These tortoises in the Southern Mississippi region are a federally threatened species; therefore, we have carefully trapped the tortoises and removed the species-specific ticks attached to them. Genomic DNA was extracted from individual ticks and used to explore overall bacterial load using pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA on 454-sequencing platform. The spotted fever group …

Infant Formula Feeding At Birth Is Common And Inversely Associated With Subsequent Breastfeeding Behavior In Vietnam, Tuan T. Nguyen, Mellissa Withers, Nemat Hajeebhoy, Edward A. Frongillo

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The association between infant formula feeding at birth and subsequent feeding patterns in a low- or middle-income context is not clear. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association of infant formula feeding during the first 3 d after birth with subsequent infant formula feeding and early breastfeeding cessation in Vietnam. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, we interviewed 10,681 mothers with children aged 0-23 mo (mean age: 8.2 mo; 52% boys) about their feeding practices during the first 3 d after birth and on the previous day. We used stratified analysis, multiple logistic regression, propensity score-matching analysis, and structural equation modeling to …

Effect Of A Randomised Exclusive Breastfeeding Counselling Intervention Nested Into The Minimat Prenatal Nutrition Trial In Bangladesh, Ashraful Islam Khan, Iqbal Kabir, Hanna Eneroth, Shams El Arifeen, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Lars Åke Persson

Faculty Publications

AIM: It is unknown whether maternal malnutrition reduces the effect of counselling on exclusive breastfeeding. This study evaluated the effect of breastfeeding counselling on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and whether the timing of prenatal food and different micronutrient supplements further prolonged this duration. METHODS: Pregnant women in Matlab, Bangladesh, were randomised to receive daily food supplements of 600 kcal at nine weeks of gestation or at the standard 20 weeks. They also were allocated to either 30 mg of iron and 400 μg folic acid, or the standard programme 60 mg of iron and folic acid or multiple micronutrients. …

Condition Of Larval Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) Relative To Environmental Variability And The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Frank J. Hernandez Jr., J.E. Filbrun, J. Fang, John Timothy Ransom

Faculty Publications

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill(DWHOS)spatially and temporally overlapped with the spawning of many fish species, including Red Snapper, one of the most economically important reef fish in the Gulf of Mexico. To investigate potential impacts of the DWHOS on larval Red Snapper, data from a long-term ichthyoplankton survey off the coast of Alabama were used to examine: (1)larval abundances among pre-impact (2007–2009), impact(2010), and post-impact (2011, 2013) periods; (2) proxies for larval condition (size-adjusted morphometric relationships and dry weight) among the same periods; and (3) the effects of background environmental variation on larval condition. We found that larval Red Snapper …

Survival Of High-Risk Pediatric Neuroblastoma Patients In A Developing Country, Joseph C. Easton, Sergio Gomez, Peter H. Asdahl, J. Michael Conner, Alcira B. Flynn, Claudia Ruiz, Rohit P. Ojha

Faculty Publications

Little information is available about survival of high‐risk pediatric neuroblastoma patients in developing countries. We aimed to assess survival among high‐risk pediatric neuroblastoma patients in La Plata, Argentina. Individuals eligible for our cohort were aged4 yr at diagnosis, 54% were male, and 62% had adrenal neuroblastoma. We observed 18 deaths, and the median survival time of our study population was 1.7 yr. The five‐yr overall survival probability was 24% (95% CL: 10%, 41%). In contrast, five‐yr survival of high‐risk neuroblastoma patients ranges between 23% and 76% in developed countries. Survival among high‐risk neuroblastoma patients is generally poor regardless of geographic …