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Genomic-Enabled Prediction In Maize Using Kernel Models With Genotype × Environment Interaction, Massaine Bandeira E Sousa, Jaime Cuevas, Evellyn Giselly De Oliveira Couto, Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez, Diego Jarquín, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Juan Burgueño, Jose Crossa

Faculty Publications

Multi-environment trials are routinely conducted in plant breeding to select candidates for the next selection cycle. In this study, we compare the prediction accuracy of four developed genomic-enabled prediction models: (1) single-environment, main genotypic effect model (SM); (2) multi-environment, main genotypic effects model (MM); (3) multi-environment, single variance G×E deviation model (MDs); and (4) multi-environment, environment-specific variance G×E deviation model (MDe). Each of these four models were fitted using two kernel methods: a linear kernel Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor, GBLUP (GB), and a nonlinear kernel Gaussian kernel (GK). The eight model-method combinations were applied to two extensive Brazilian maize …

Weather And Children’S Physical Activity; How And Why Do Relationships Vary Between Countries?, Flo Harrison, Anna Goodman, Ester M.F. Van Sluijs, Lars Bo Carson, Greet Cardon, Rachel Davey, Kathleen F. Janz, Susi Kriemler, Lynn Molly, Angie S. Page, Russell R. Pate, Jardena J. Puder, Luis B. Sardinha, Anna Timperio, Niels Wedderkopp, Andy P. Jones

Faculty Publications

Background

Globally most children do not engage in enough physical activity. Day length and weather conditions have been identified as determinants of physical activity, although how they may be overcome as barriers is not clear. We aim to examine if and how relationships between children’s physical activity and weather and day length vary between countries and identify settings in which children were better able to maintain activity levels given the weather conditions they experienced.

Methods

In this repeated measures study, we used data from 23,451 participants in the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD). Daily accelerometer-measured physical activity (counts per minute; …

A Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index Score Is Associated With A Higher Risk Of Breast Cancer Among Chinese Women: A Case–Control Study, Wu-Qing Huang, Xiong-Fei Mo, Yan-Bing Ye, Nitin Shivappa, Fang-Yu Lin, Jing Huang, James R. Hébert, Bo Yan, Cai-Xia Zhang

Faculty Publications

Previous studies have investigated the association between dietary inflammatory potential and the development of cancer. For breast cancer the results have been equivocal. The present study aimed to investigate whether higher Dietary Inflammatory IndexTM (DII) scores were associated with increased risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. A total of 867 cases and 824 controls were recruited into the present case–control study from September 2011 to February 2016. DII scores were computed based on baseline dietary intake assessed by a validated 81-item FFQ. The OR and 95 % CI were assessed by multivariable logistic regression after adjusting for various potential …

The Association Of The Cumulative/Lifetime Duration Of Breast Feeding And The Development Of Post Menopausal Breast Cancer. Results From Adventist Health Study-2., Sozina D. Katuli, Synove F. Knutsen, Raymond Knutsen, Keiji Oda, Ronald Mataya, Gary E. Fraser

Faculty Publications

Background:Breast cancer affect more than 3.5 million women in the USA1. In 2017 there were 63,410 new cases of breast cancer. Seventy eight percent of these were post menopause women1. Breast feeding has been reported to be among several factors attributing breast cancer in the USA5. However limited research information exist the relationship between the duration of breast feeding and post menopause cancer3. In this study we evaluated the association of two indicators of breast feeding; the initiation of breast feeding (ever breastfed) and duration (cumulative month) of duration of breast feeding among Adventist women in USA and Canada. …

Long-Term Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics At Spruce Revealed Through Stable Isotopes In Peat Profiles, Erik A. Hobbie, Janet Chen, Paul J. Hanson, Colleen M. Iversen, Karis J. Mcfarlane, Nathan R. Thorp, Kirsten S. Hofmockel

Faculty Publications

Peatlands encode information about past vegetation dynamics, climate, and microbial processes. Here, we used δ15N and δ13C patterns from 16 peat profiles to deduce how the biogeochemistry of the Marcell S1 forested bog in northern Minnesota responded to environmental and vegetation change over the past  ∼ 10000 years. In multiple regression analyses, δ15N and δ13C correlated strongly with depth, plot location, C∕N, %N, and each other. Correlations with %N, %C, C∕N, and the other isotope accounted for 80% of variance for δ15N and 38% of variance for δ13C, reflecting N and C losses. In contrast, correlations with depth and topography …

Cardiovascular Risk Status Of Afro-Origin Populations Across The Spectrum Of Economic Development: Findings From The Modeling The Epidemiologic Transition Study, Lara R. Dugas, Terrence E. Forrester, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Estelle V. Lambert, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Guichan Cao, Richard S. Cooper, Rasha Khatib, Laura Tonino, Walter Riesen, Wolfgang Korte, Stephanie Kliethermes, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors are increasing in most developing countries. To date, however, very little standardized data has been collected on the primary risk factors across the spectrum of economic development. Data are particularly sparse from Africa. Methods: In the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS) we examined population-based samples of men and women, ages 25-45 of African ancestry in metropolitan Chicago, Kingston, Jamaica, rural Ghana, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Seychelles. Key measures of cardiovascular disease risk are described. Results: The risk factor profile varied widely in both total summary estimates of cardiovascular risk and in the magnitude …

Lower Doses Of Fructose Extend Lifespan In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Jolene Zheng, Chenfei Gao, Mingming Wang, Phuongmai Tran, Nancy Mai, John W. Finley, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Zhaoping Li, David Heber, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

© 2017, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Epidemiological studies indicate that the increased consumption of sugars including sucrose and fructose in beverages correlate with the prevalence of obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in humans. A few reports suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Anopheles gambiae, fructose, glucose, or glucose plus fructose also extended lifespan. New results presented here suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) wild type (N2). C. elegans were fed standard laboratory food source (E. coli OP50), maintained in liquid culture. Experimental groups received additional glucose …

Gender Disparities In Midlife Hypertension: A Review Of The Evidence On The Arab Region, Christelle Akl, Chaza Akik, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer

Faculty Publications

Objective

While gender differences in hypertension and increased prevalence rates among women at midlife have been documented in multiple settings, the evidence on the Arab world has not been systematically examined. This review summarizes the evidence related to gender disparities in midlife hypertension in this region.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases for studies, published between January 2000 and August 2015, on hypertension in the 22 countries of the Arab region. We abstracted information on the prevalence of hypertension among women and men, in general populations during midlife.

Results

Nineteen studies provided data on the …

Crude Oil Impairs Immune Function And Increases Susceptibility To Pathogenic Bacteria In Southern Flounder, Keith M. Bayha, Natalie Ortell, Caitlin Ryan, Kimberly J. Griffitt, Michelle Krasnec, Johnny Sena, Thiruvangan Ramaraj, Ryan Takeshita, Gregory D. Mayer, Faye Schilkey, Robert J. Griffitt

Faculty Publications

Exposure to crude oil or its individual constituents can have detrimental impacts on fish species, including impairment of the immune response. Increased observations of skin lesions in northern Gulf of Mexico fish during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill indicated the possibility of oil-induced immunocompromisation resulting in bacterial or viral infection. This study used a full factorial design of oil exposure and bacterial challenge to examine how oil exposure impairs southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) immune function and increases susceptibility to the bacteria Vibrio anguillarum, a causative agent of vibriosis. Fish exposed to oil prior to bacterial challenge …

Misleading Conclusions On Effects Of Resistant Starch Due To Inappropriate Formulation Of Controls, Inadequate Statistical Power, And Anomalies In The In Vitro Methods, Michael J. Keenan, Roy J. Martin, M. D. Robertson, Kayanush J. Aryana, Rhonda Witwer, Hope Warshaw

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparative Analyses Of Zebrafish Anxiety-Like Behavior Using Conflict-Based Novelty Tests, Elana V. Kysil, Darya A. Meshalkina, Erin E. Frick, David J. Echevarria, Denis B. Rosemberg, Caio Maximino, Monica Gomes Lima, Murilo S. Abreu, Ana C. Giacomini, Leonardo J.G. Barcellos, Cai Song, Allan V. Kalueff

Faculty Publications

Modeling of stress and anxiety in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized in neuroscience research and central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery. Representing the most commonly used zebrafish anxiety models, the novel tank test (NTT) focuses on zebrafish diving in response to potentially threatening stimuli, whereas the light-dark test (LDT) is based on fish scototaxis (innate preference for dark vs. bright areas). Here, we systematically evaluate the utility of these two tests, combining meta-analyses of published literature with comparative in vivo behavioral and whole-body endocrine (cortisol) testing. Overall, the NTT and LDT behaviors demonstrate a generally good cross-test correlation …

Potential Deaths Averted And Serious Adverse Events Incurred From Adoption Of The Sprint (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) Intensive Blood Pressure Regimen In The United States: Projections From Nhanes (National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey), Adam P. Bress, Holly Kramer, Rasha Khatib, Srinivasan Beddhu, Alfred K. Cheung, Rachel Hess, Vinod K. Bansal, Guichan Cao, Jerry Yee, Andrew E. Moran, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Paul Muntner, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) demonstrated a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal of mellitus, stroke, or heart failure. To quantify the potential benefits and risks of SPRINT intensive goal implementation, we estimated the deaths prevented and excess serious adverse events incurred if the SPRINT intensive SBP treatment goal were implemented in all eligible US adults. METHODS: SPRINT eligibility criteria were applied to the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and linked with the National Death Index through December 2011. SPRINT eligibility included age ≥50 years, SBP of 130 …

Trading Pounds For Points: Engagement And Weight Loss In A Mobile Health Intervention, Sarah Hales, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy, Sarah Wilcox, Rachel Davis, Arjang Fahim, Michael N. Huhns, Homayoun Valafar

Faculty Publications

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to describe participant engagement and examine predictors of weight loss and points earned through the point-based incentive system of the Social Pounds Off Digitally (POD) app.

Materials and methods Overweight and obese adults with Android smartphones/tablets (body mass index 25–49.9 kg/m2; N = 24) were recruited for a 3-month weight loss intervention. Participants completed a survey assessing demographics and personality and had their weight measured. Participants received the content of the intervention via podcasts and used the Social POD app to self-monitor diet, physical activity, and weight. The Social POD app contained: …

Expression Profiling Coupled With In-Silico Mapping Identifies Candidate Genes For Reducing Aflatoxin Accumulation In Maize, Ramesh Dhakal, Chenglin Chai, Ratna Karan, Gary L. Windham, William P. Williams, Prasanta K. Subudhi

Faculty Publications

Aflatoxin, produced by Aspergillus flavus, is hazardous to health of humans and livestock. The lack of information about large effect QTL for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation is a major obstacle to employ marker-assisted selection for maize improvement. The understanding of resistance mechanisms of the host plant and the associated genes is necessary for improving resistance to A. flavus infection. A suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was made using the developing kernels of Mp715 (resistant inbred) and B73 (susceptible inbred) and 480 randomly selected cDNA clones were sequenced to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to A. flavus infection …

Resveratrol Enhances Brown Adipocyte Formation And Function By Activating Amp-Activated Protein Kinase (Ampk) Α1 In Mice Fed High-Fat Diet, Songbo Wang, Xingwei Liang, Qiyuan Yang, Xing Fu, Meijun Zhu, B. D. Rodgers, Qingyan Jiang, Michael V. Dodson, Min Du

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: Enhancing the formation and function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases thermogenesis and hence reduces obesity. Thus, we investigate the effects of resveratrol (Resv) on brown adipocyte formation and function in mouse interscapular BAT (iBAT). Methods and results: CD1 mice and stromal vascular cells (SVCs) isolated from iBAT were treated with Resv. Expression of brown adipogenic and thermogenic markers, and involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1 were assessed. In vivo, Resv-enhanced expression of brown adipogenic markers, PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) and thermogenic genes, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and cytochrome C …

Maternal Retinoids Increase Pdgfrα+ Progenitor Population And Beige Adipogenesis In Progeny By Stimulating Vascular Development, Bo Wang, Xing Fu, Xingwei Liang, Zhixiu Wang, Qiyuan Yang, Tiande Zou, Wei Nie, Junxing Zhao, Pengfei Gao, Mei Jun Zhu, Jeanene M. De Avila, Joseph Maricelli, Buel D. Rodgers, Min Du

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Authors Maternal vitamin A intake varies but its impact on offspring metabolic health is unknown. Here we found that maternal vitamin A or retinoic acid (RA) administration expanded PDGFRα+ adipose progenitor population in progeny, accompanied by increased blood vessel density and enhanced brown-like (beige) phenotype in adipose tissue, protecting offspring from obesity. Blockage of retinoic acid signaling by either BMS493 or negative RA receptor (RARαDN) over-expression abolished the increase in blood vessel density, adipose progenitor population, and beige adipogenesis stimulated by RA. Furthermore, RA-induced beige adipogenesis was blocked following vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 knock …

Fgf21 Mediates The Thermogenic And Insulin-Sensitizing Effects Of Dietary Methionine Restriction But Not Its Effects On Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, Desiree Wanders, Laura A. Forney, Kirsten P. Stone, David H. Burk, Alicia Pierse, Thomas W. Gettys

Faculty Publications

© 2017 by the American Diabetes Association. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) produces a rapid and persistent remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT), an increase in energy expenditure (EE), and enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Recent work established that hepatic expression of FGF21 is robustly increased by MR. Fgf212/2 mice were used to test whether FGF21 is an essential mediator of the physiological effects of dietary MR. The MR-induced increase in energy intake and EE and activation of thermogenesis in WAT and brown adipose tissue were lost in Fgf212/2 mice. However, dietary MR produced a comparable reduction in body weight and adiposity …

Discovery And Fine-Mapping Of Adiposity Loci Using High Density Imputation Of Genome-Wide Association Studies In Individuals Of African Ancestry: African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Mariaelisa Graff, Yingchang Lu, Anne E. Justice, Poorva Mudgal, Ching Ti Liu, Kristin Young, Lisa R. Yanek, Mary F. Feitosa, Mary K. Wojczynski, Kristin Rand, Jennifer A. Brody, Brian E. Cade, Latchezar Dimitrov, Qing Duan, Xiuqing Guo, Leslie A. Lange, Michael A. Nalls, Hayrettin Okut, Salman M. Tajuddin, Bamidele O. Tayo, Sailaja Vedantam, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Guanjie Chen, Wei Min Chen, Alessandra Chesi, Marguerite R. Irvin, Badri Padhukasahasram, Jennifer A. Smith, Wei Zheng, Matthew A. Allison, Christine B. Ambrosone, Elisa V. Bandera

Faculty Publications

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >300 loci associated with measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), but few have been identified through screening of the African ancestry genomes. We performed large scale meta-analyses and replications in up to 52,895 individuals for BMI and up to 23,095 individuals for WHRadjBMIfrom the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC) using 1000 Genomes phase 1 imputed GWAS to improve coverage of both common and low frequency variants in the low linkage disequilibrium African ancestry genomes. In the sex-combined analyses, we identified one novel locus (TCF7L2/HABP2) …

Social Franchising And A Nationwide Mass Media Campaign Increased The Prevalence Of Adequate Complementary Feeding In Vietnam: A Cluster-Randomized Program Evaluation, Rahul Rawat, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Lan Mai Tran, Nemat Hajeebhoy, Huan Van Nguyen, Jean Baker, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Marie T. Ruel, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

Rigorous evaluations of health system-based interventions in large-scale programs to improve complementary feeding (CF) practices are limited. Alive & Thrive applied principles of social franchising within the government health system in Vietnam to improve the quality of interpersonal counseling (IPC) for infant and young child feeding combined with a national mass media (MM) campaign and community mobilization (CM). We evaluated the impact of enhanced IPC + MM + CM (intensive) compared with standard IPC + less-intensive MM and CM (nonintensive) on CF practices and anthropometric indicators. A cluster-randomized, nonblinded evaluation design with cross-sectional surveys ( = ∼500 children aged 6-23.9 …

Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index Is Associated With Dietary Inflammatory Index And C-Reactive Protein Concentrations During Pregnancy, Dayeon Shin, Junguk Hur, Eun-Hee Cho, Hae-Kyung Chung, Nitin Shivappa, Michael D. Wirth, James R. Hébert, Kyung Won Lee

Faculty Publications

There have been a limited number of studies examining the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and dietary inflammation during pregnancy. Our aim is to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)™ and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations during pregnancy. The study included 631 pregnant American women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cross-sectional examinations from 2003 to 2012. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated based on self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and measured height. The cut-offs of <18.5 (underweight), 18.5–24.9 (normal), 25.0–29.9 (overweight), and ≥30 kg/m2 (obese) were used to categorize the weight status of pregnant women prior to pregnancy. The DII, a literature-based dietary index to assess the inflammatory properties of diet, was estimated based on a one-day 24-h recall. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were performed to estimate beta coefficients and the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) on the association of pre-pregnancy BMI categories with the DII and CRP concentrations during pregnancy. After controlling for variables including: race/ethnicity, family poverty income ratio, education, marital status, month in pregnancy, and smoking status during pregnancy; women who were obese before pregnancy (n = 136) had increased odds for being in the highest tertile of the DII and CRP concentrations compared to women with normal weight (AORs 2.40, 95% CIs 1.01–5.71; AORs 24.84, 95% CIs 6.19–99.67, respectively). These findings suggest that women with pre-pregnancy obesity had greater odds of reporting higher DII and having elevated CRP. In conclusion, high pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with increased odds of pro-inflammatory diet and elevated CRP levels during pregnancy in the USA.

Perception Of Performance Indicators In An Agri-Food Supply Chain, Sweta Chopra, Chad Laux, Edie Schmidt, Prashant Rajan

Faculty Publications

Availability of nutritious, safe food, and guaranteed resources for a household to acquire food at all times results in food security. Availability of food at affordable price remains the greater challenge. Currently, the Indian government runs the Public Distribution System to provide commodity subsidies to households. Various government and private stakeholders are involved in making this procurement, storage, processing and distribution process work. The involvement of a large number of stakeholders, each with different interests, increases the complexity and difficulty to identify performance indicators of the supply chain. Current research evaluates the relationship among the participating stakeholders in the public …

First Year Physical Activity Findings From Turn Up The Heat (Healthy Eating And Activity Time) In Summer Day Camps, Robert Weaver, Keith Brazendale, Jessica L. Chandler, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy, Justin B. Moore, Jennifer L. Huberty, Dianne S. Ward, Michael W. Beets

Faculty Publications

Background Summer day camps (SDCs) serve 14 million children yearly in the U.S. and aim to provide participating children with 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study evaluated an intervention designed to increase the percent of children meeting this MVPA guideline.

Design Two-group, pre-post quasi-experimental.

Setting/Participants Twenty SDCs serving 1,830 children aged 5–12 years were assigned to MVPA intervention (n = 10) or healthy eating attention control (n = 10).

Intervention

The STEPs (Strategies to Enhance Practice) intervention is a capacity-building approach grounded in the Theory of Expanded, Extended and Enhanced Opportunities. Camp leaders and staff receive training …

Inflammatory Potential Of Diet, Weight Gain, And Incidence Of Overweight/Obesity: The Sun Cohort, Alyson Haslam, Sara Wagner Robb, James R. Hébert, Hanwen Huang, Michael David Wirth, Nitin Shivappa, Mark H. Ebell

Faculty Publications

Objective

The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)TM, which was developed to characterize the inflammatory potential of a person’s diet, has been shown to be associated with inflammatory conditions such as cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the association between DII scores and colorectal adenoma (CRA), a pre-cancerous condition.

Design

Responses to baseline dietary questionnaires were used calculate DII scores. In a cross-sectional study design, the association between DII scores and CRA prevalence was determined in men and women separately using logistic regression models.

Setting

Ten cancer screening centres across the USA.

Subjects

Participants were those included in the screening arm …

Arthropod Diversity And Functional Importance In Old-Growth Forests Of North America, Timothy Schowalter

Faculty Publications

Old-growth forests have become rare in North America but provide habitat for unique assemblages of species that often are rare in younger forests. Insects and related arthropods reach their highest diversity in old-growth forests because of their stable moderate temperature and relative humidity and the rich variety of resources represented by high plant species richness and structural complexity. Old-growth arthropod assemblages typically are distinct from those in younger, managed forests. Major subcommunities include the arboreal community that is composed of a rich assemblage of herbivores, fungivores, and their associated predators and parasitoids that function to regulate primary production and nutrient …

Developing Consensus Measures For Global Programs: Lessons From The Global Alliance For Chronic Diseases Hypertension Research Program, Michaela A. Riddell, Nancy Edwards, Simon R. Thompson, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Devarsetty Praveen, Claire Johnson, Andre P. Kengne, Peter Liu, Tara Mccready, Eleanor Ng, Robby Nieuwlaat, Bruce Ovbiagele, Mayowa Owolabi, David Peiris, Amanda G. Thrift, Sheldon Tobe, Khalid Yusoff, Anniza De Villiers, Feng He, Graham Macgregor, Stephen Jan, Bruce Neal, Clara Chow, Rohina Joshi, Stephen Macmahon, Anushka Patel, Anthony Rodgers, Ruth Webster, Ng Kien Keat, Amir Attaran, Edward Mills, Katherine Muldoon, Sanni Yaya

Faculty Publications

Background: The imperative to improve global health has prompted transnational research partnerships to investigate common health issues on a larger scale. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) is an alliance of national research funding agencies. To enhance research funded by GACD members, this study aimed to standardise data collection methods across the 15 GACD hypertension research teams and evaluate the uptake of these standardised measurements. Furthermore we describe concerns and difficulties associated with the data harmonisation process highlighted and debated during annual meetings of the GACD funded investigators. With these concerns and issues in mind, a working group comprising …

Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: Antibiotics ampicillin 1 g/L and neomycin 0.5 g/L were added to drinking water before or during feeding of resistant starch (RS) to rats to inhibit fermentation. Methods and results: In a preliminary study, antibiotics and no RS were given prior to rats receiving a transplant of cecal contents via gavage from donor rats fed RS (without antibiotics) or a water gavage before feeding resistant starch to both groups. Antibiotics given prior to feeding RS did not prevent later fermentation of RS regardless of either type of gavage. In the second …

Association Between Famacha Scores And Fecal Egg Counts In Katahdin Lambs, D. R. Notter, J. M. Burke, J. E. Miller, J. L.M. Morgan

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. The FAMACHA system was introduced to the U.S. just over 10 yr ago to allow selective deworming of lambs with anemia associated with Haemonchus contortus and retard the development of anthelmintic resistance. The FAMACHA system was initially developed as a predictor of packed cell volume (PCV), but correlations between FAMACHA and fecal egg counts (FEC) have also been reported. It is important to understand factors that influence FAMACHA scores among farms to improve management of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objectives of this study were therefore to quantify associations between FAMACHA scores, …

Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: Antibiotics ampicillin 1 g/L and neomycin 0.5 g/L were added to drinking water before or during feeding of resistant starch (RS) to rats to inhibit fermentation. Methods and results: In a preliminary study, antibiotics and no RS were given prior to rats receiving a transplant of cecal contents via gavage from donor rats fed RS (without antibiotics) or a water gavage before feeding resistant starch to both groups. Antibiotics given prior to feeding RS did not prevent later fermentation of RS regardless of either type of gavage. In the second …

Factors Affecting The Ovarian Response To A Combined Estradiol-Sulpiride Treatment In Seasonally Anovulatory Mares, Erin L. Oberhaus, Donald L. Thompson, Carolyn K. Pham

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Twenty-three seasonally anovulatory mares, housed at two separate farms, were treated with 50 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) and 3 g of sulpiride in January to study factors that contributed to success of the treatment (response = ovulation within 28 days). Every other day, blood samples and pretreatment secretagogue challenges were used to characterize prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin-like growth factor-I, leptin, and insulin concentrations. Ovaries of each mare were scanned via ultrasound regularly until detection of a 32–35 mm follicle, at which time the mare was artificially inseminated. Prolactin was stimulated in all treated mares …

Influence Of Varroa Mite (Varroa Destructor) Management Practices On Insecticide Sensitivity In The Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera), Frank D. Rinkevich, Robert G. Danka, Kristen B. Healy

Faculty Publications

Since Varroa mites may cause devastating losses of honey bees through direct feeding, transmitting diseases, and increasing pathogen susceptibility, chemical and mechanical practices commonly are used to reduce mite infestation. While miticide applications are typically the most consistent and efficacious Varroa mite management method, miticide-induced insecticide synergism in honey bees, and the evolution of resistance in Varroa mites are reasonable concerns. We treated colonies with the miticide amitraz (Apivar®), used IPM practices, or left some colonies untreated, and then measured the effect of different levels of mite infestations on the sensitivity of bees to phenothrin, amitraz, and clothianidin. Sensitivity to …