Digital Commons Network^™

Access Before Evidence And The Price Of The Fda's New Drug Authorities, Erika Lietzan

Faculty Publications

Sometimes drug innovation seems to happen in reverse. Patients enjoy a treatment for years even though the treatment has not been approved by the FDA or proven safe and effective to the FDA's standards. (Sometimes this happens because the FDA has declined to take enforcement action.) The agency encourages companies to perform the work necessary to satisfy the United States "gold standard" for new drug approval, however, by promising exclusivity in the marketplace. When a company does this work, at considerable expense, the results are predictable. The new drug is expensive, and patients and payers (and sometimes policymakers) are outraged. …

Effect Of Alkali-Enhanced Biochar On Silicon Uptake And Suppression Of Gray Leaf Spot Development In Perennial Ryegrass, Meng Wang, Jim J. Wang, Negar D. Tafti, Clayton A. Hollier, Gerald Myers, Xudong Wang

Faculty Publications

Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate biotic and abiotic stress, and to reduce the development of fungal diseases in a number of different pathosystems. Biochar-based Si fertilizers, especially highly efficient alkali-enhanced biochar for recycling phytolith, has been recently proposed as a stress-alleviating amendment but its evaluation on plant disease development has not been investigated. In this study, several biochar–based Si fertilizers including raw biochar without alkaline enhancement (0 KB), alkali-enhanced biochars with KOH (10 KB), CaO (10CB), and K 2 CO 3 (10K2B) along with commonly-used mineral Si fertilizer wollastonite (WO) and calcium silicate slag (SL) were evaluated in a …

Effect Of Hot Water Treatment Of In-Shell Pecans On Physicochemical Properties And Consumer Acceptability Of Roasted Pecan Kernels, Karuna Kharel, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Veerachandra K. Yemmireddy, Charles J. Graham, Achyut Adhikari

Faculty Publications

The effect of hot water pre-treatment of in-shell pecans on physicochemical properties, consumer acceptance and purchase intent of dehulled and roasted kernels was evaluated. In-shell pecans were first subjected to hot water at 70, 80 and 90 °C for 8.6, 6.6 and 4.6 min respectively and kernels were later dry roasted at 160 °C for 10 min. The physicochemical properties of hot water treated and untreated nuts, before and after roasting were determined. Furthermore, consumer acceptance and purchase intent of the roasted kernels were determined. Hot water treatment, alone and subsequent roasting had minimal effect on pecans’ physicochemical properties. Consumers …

The Effects Of Ambient Temperature And Lighting Intensity On Wheel-Running Behavior In A Diurnal Rodent, The Nile Grass Rat (Arvicanthis Niloticus), Garrett M. Fogo, Alyssa M. Goodwin, Ohanes S. Khacherian, Brandi J. Ledbetter, Andrew J. Gall

Faculty Publications

Environmental conditions, such as the light-dark cycle and temperature, affect the display of circadian rhythmicity and locomotor activity patterns in mammals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that manipulating these environmental conditions would affect wheel-running activity patterns in a diurnal rodent, the Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). Grass rats are diurnal in the field, however, a subset switch from a day-active pattern to a night-active pattern of activity after the introduction of a running wheel. The mechanism of this chronotype switch remains largely unknown. In the present study, grass rats were presented with running wheels in 12:12 light-dark conditions. First, subjects …

Effects Of An 8-Week Pelvic Core Stability And Nutrition Community Programme On Maternal Health Outcomes, Gretchen Elizabeth Krivak, Lori Maria Walton, Veena Raigangar, Mini Sara Abraham, Cherisse Buddy, Magaly Hernandez, Rose Caceras

Faculty Publications

Introduction

Women, during the antenatal and post‐partum period, report pelvic, low back pain, stress and urge urinary incontinence, colorectal dysfunction, and other co‐morbidities that negatively affect health‐related quality of life. Exercise and nutrition are important considerations for improving maternal health in this period.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a community‐driven nutrition and exercise programme focused on pelvic floor and core stability, healthy nutrition, and breastfeeding counselling over an 8‐week period on pelvic floor and urinary distress (UDI), prolapse and colorectal distress for antenatal and post‐partum women with limited access to health care, and …

Physical Education Teacher Education (Pete) Majors' Perceptions And Opinions Of Appropriate Instructional Practices: A Qualitative Approach, David C. Barney, Liana Davis

Faculty Publications

Physical education (PE) teachers are responsible for helping students learn in their classes. Unfortunately, many students have been exposed to games and activities that were inappropriate, thus negatively affecting their learning in PE class. Inappropriate instructional practices have been a common occurrence for many students. One group that can help curb the inclusion of inappropriate instructional practices are Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) majors. This study investigated PETE majors’ beliefs of certain instructional practices that have been implemented in PE games and activities. Many of the instructional practices were inappropriate. The PETE majors’ felt that dodge ball, relay games, and …

Association Between Inflammatory Potential Of Diet And Bone-Mineral Density In Korean Postmenopausal Women: Data From Fourth And Fifth Korea National Health And Nutrition Examination Surveys, Woori Na, Susan Park, Nitin Shivappa, James F. Thrasher, Mi Kyung Kim, Cheongmin Sohn

Faculty Publications

Post menopause is considered a critical period for bone-mass loss. Impaired bone metabolism during this phase can increase the risk of fractures in old age. Inflammation is a risk factor for bone health, and diet is a potential source of inflammation. However, few studies have examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII^®) and bone-mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women in Korea. The objective of this study was to determine, by means of a Korean cross-sectional investigation, whether higher DII scores are associated with decreased BMD in postmenopausal women. To that end, the raw data from the …

The Effects Of Teacrine® And Caffeine On Endurance And Cognitive Performance During A Simulated Match In High-Level Soccer Players, Marissa L. Bello, Alan J. Walker, Bridget A. Mcfadden, David J. Sanders, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak

Faculty Publications

Background: Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric-acid) is a pure alkaloid with a similar structure to caffeine and acts comparably as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Early studies have shown non-habituating effects, including increases in energy and focus in response to Teacrine®, the compound containing pure theacrine. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of Teacrine® and caffeine on cognitive performance and time-to-exhaustion during a simulated soccer game in high-level male and female athletes. Methods: Male and female soccer players (N = 24; M Age = 20.96 ± 2.05y, M MaleVO2max = 55.31 ± 3.39 mL/O 2 /kg, M FemaleVO2max …

The Inflammatory Potential Of Diet In Determining Cancer Risk; A Prospective Investigation Of Two Dietary Pattern Scores, Stina Bodén, Robin Myte, Maria Wennberg, Sophia Harlid, Ingegerd Johansson, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Bethany Van Guelpen, Lena Maria Nilsson

Faculty Publications

Purpose Inflammation-related mechanisms may contribute to the link between diet and cancer. We sought to investigate the inflammatory impact of diet on cancer risk using the Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and an adapted Mediterranean diet score (MDS).

Methods This population-based, prospective cohort study used self-reported dietary data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, including 100,881 participants, of whom 35,393 had repeated measures. Associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also used restricted cubic splines to test for potential non-linear associations.

Results A total of 9,250 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during a median …

Lack Of Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index And Low Impact Fractures In The Brazilian Population: The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (Brazos), Melissa Morimoto, Nitin Shivappa, Patricia De Souza Genaro, Ligia Araujo Martini, Natielen Jacques Schuch, James R. Hebert, Marcelo Medeiros Pinheiro

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Adequate nutrition, including intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D, is important to maintain bone health. Evidence suggests that a deficiency in micronutrients may contribute to bone loss during aging and exert generalized effects on chronic inflammation. Recently, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was developed to assess the inflammatory potential of individual diets. Our aim was to evaluate the DII in a representative sample and verify its association with low-impact fractures.

Methods: Individuals from The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS) database had their DII calculated. BRAZOS is an important cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with a representative sample of men …

Moderating Effect Of The Neighborhood Physical Activity Environment On The Relation Between Psychosocial Factors And Physical Activity In Children: A Longitudinal Study, Natalie Colabianchi, Morgan N. Clennin, Marsha Dowda, Kerry L. Mciver, Rod K. Dishman, Dwayne E. Porter, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background Few studies have examined the moderating role of neighbourhood environments on the relation between psychosocial factors and physical activity, and results of these studies are mixed. This study examined this relationship in 636 fifth to seventh graders from South Carolina, USA.

Methods From 2010 to 2013, children and their parent/guardian completed annual self-reported surveys assessing psychosocial factors, and children wore accelerometers for 1 week each year. Neighbourhood environments were classified as supportive or non-supportive for physical activity (PA) based on in-person audits of facilities near children’s homes and windshield surveys of children’s streets. Growth curve analyses were completed to …

Branch Elongation And Formation Of New Stem Units As Influenced By Reductions In Leaf Photosynthetic Capacity, Shannon D. Kidombo, Thomas J. Dean

Faculty Publications

Leaf area is the primary site for photosynthesis in plants and therefore has a controlling effect on tree growth. Elongation of shoots and formation of stem units on stressed branches were investigated using a series of defoliation and shade treatments. The initial diameter and length of the branch in addition to the modifying effect of treatments on leaf area were used to assess elongation of the terminal bud. Results indicate that elongation of branch terminal shoots was significantly reduced by defoliation or shading of previous years' foliage. The number of new fascicles in the second year of growth after treatment …

Mycoprotein: The Future Of Nutritious Nonmeat Protein, A Symposium Review, Tim Finnigan, Benjamin Wall, Peter Wilde, Francis Stephens, Steve Taylor, Marjorie Freedman

Faculty Publications

Mycoprotein is an alternative, nutritious protein source with a meat-like texture made from Fusarium venenatum, a naturally occurring fungus. Its unique method of production yields a significantly reduced carbon and water footprint relative to beef and chicken. Mycoprotein, sold as Quorn, is consumed in 17 countries, including the United States. In line with current dietary guidelines, mycoprotein is high in protein and fiber, and low in fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar. Mycoprotein may help maintain healthy blood cholesterol levels, promote muscle synthesis, control glucose and insulin levels, and increase satiety. It is possible that some susceptible consumers will become …

Linking Water Quality To Aedes Aegypti And Zika In Flood-Prone Neighborhoods, Rebeca De Jesus Crespo

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Sorghum Cultivar, Phenological Stage, And Fertilization On Development And Reproduction Of Melanaphis Sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Blake E. Wilson, Jeffrey Davis, Thomas Reagan, Luna Lama

Faculty Publications

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an invasive pest of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench (Poaceae). Since its first outbreak in sorghum in 2013, severe infestations have spread throughout the southern USA, causing major economic losses. Whereas insecticide applications can mitigate some of the pest's impacts, a sustainable ecology-based management program is needed to reduce reliance on chemical control. Two greenhouse assays examined the influence of selected host plant characteristics on M. sacchari life table parameters. We studied the effects of silicon (rates equivalent to 0 and 3,360 kg silicon per ha) and nitrogen (rates equivalent …

Proximal Tubular Cell–Specific Ablation Of Carnitine Acetyltransferase Causes Tubular Disease And Secondary Glomerulosclerosis, Claudia Kruger, Trang Tiffany Nguyen, Chelsea Breaux, Alana Guillory, Margaret Mangelli, Kevin T. Fridianto, Jean Paul Kovalik, David H. Burk, Robert C. Noland, Randall Mynatt, Krisztian Stadler

Faculty Publications

© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association. Proximal tubular epithelial cells are highly energy demanding. Their energy need is covered mostly from mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Whether derailments in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are forerunners of tubular damage has been suggested but is not entirely clear. Here we modeled mitochondrial overload by creating mice lacking the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) in the proximal tubules, thus limiting a primary mechanism to export carbons under conditions of substrate excess. Mice developed tubular disease and, interestingly, secondary glomerulosclerosis. This was accompanied by increased levels of apoptosis regulator and fibrosis markers, increased …

Virulence-Driven Trade-Offs In Disease Transmission: A Meta-Analysis*, Miguel A. Acevedo, Forrest P. Dillemuth, Andrew J. Flick, Matthew J. Faldyn, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

© 2019 The Author(s). Evolution © 2019 The Society for the Study of Evolution. The virulence–transmission trade-off hypothesis proposed more than 30 years ago is the cornerstone in the study of host–parasite co-evolution. This hypothesis rests on the premise that virulence is an unavoidable and increasing cost because the parasite uses host resources to replicate. This cost associated with replication ultimately results in a deceleration in transmission rate because increasing within-host replication increases host mortality. Empirical tests of predictions of the hypothesis have found mixed support, which cast doubt about its overall generalizability. To quantitatively address this issue, we conducted …

Evaluation Of Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis For The Assessment Of Body Composition In Individuals With Obesity, P. A. Sullivan, C. D. Still, S. T. Jamieson, C. B. Dixon, B. A. Irving, J. L. Andreacci

Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare body composition measurements estimated by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) with air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in individuals with obesity. Methods: Bariatric patients were recruited from Geisinger's Center for Nutrition and Weight Management Clinic in Danville, Pennsylvania. Sixty-two participants (age = 52.4 ± 9.3 years; body mass index = 38.9 ± 8.0 kg m−2) reported for a same-day testing visit. Body composition was measured using a common MF-BIA analyzer (InBody 720, Biospace Co., Beverly Hills, CA) and ADP. Results: Strong relationships were observed between MF-BIA and ADP methods (r = 0.88–0.96, P < 0.001). There were no differences between MF-BIA and ADP measures of per cent body fat, fat mass or fat-free mass for the total sample or when examined by gender. Conclusions: The InBody 720 MF-BIA analyzer produced body composition measurements that were similar to ADP supporting the use of this technology in the obese population.

Too Much Workplace Sitting: A Brief Historical Perspective, Raymond Jones, Daniel P. Credeur, Stephanie M. Mccoy

Faculty Publications

Sedentary behavior is a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases, especially those of cardiovascular and metabolic origins. Prolonged sitting is one of the most common sedentary behaviors among adults. Individuals sit for hours every day for several reasons, including work and or physical limitations. Historical accounts regarding the negative health effects of prolonged sitting began with early epidemiological studies, which sparked a breakout of research examining this behavior in the workplace setting. Understanding the risks associated with prolonged workplace sitting is important when considering workplace interventions, such as sit-stand workstations. These interventions appear to be beneficial in reducing …

The Strength Of Migratory Connectivity For Birds En Route To Breeding Through The Gulf Of Mexico, Emily B. Cohen, Clark R. Rushing, Frank R. Moore, Michael T. Hallworth, Jeffrey A. Hostetler, Mariamar Gutierrez Ramirez, Peter P. Marra

Faculty Publications

The strength of migratory connectivity is a measure of the cohesion of populations among phases of the annual cycle, including breeding, migration, and wintering. Many Nearctic‐Neotropical species have strong migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering phases of the annual cycle. It is less clear if this strength persists during migration when multiple endogenous and exogenous factors may decrease the cohesion of populations among routes or through time along the same routes. We sampled three bird species, American redstart Setophaga ruticilla, ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla, and wood thrush Hylocichla mustelina, during spring migration through the Gulf of Mexico region …

The Role Of Temperature In Affecting Carry-Over Effects And Larval Competition In The Globally Invasive Mosquito Aedes Albopictus, Nnaemeka F. Ezeakacha, Donald Yee

Faculty Publications

Background

Ectotherms, like mosquitoes, have evolved specific responses to variation in environmental conditions like temperature, and these responses could confer a fitness benefit or cost when carried-over to different life stages. However, effects of temperature on animals with complex life-cycles often only focus on part of their life-cycle, or only consider how single aspects of life-history may carry over to new stages. Herein we investigated how temperature affects intraspecific larval competition and carry-over effects from larval to adult stages in the widespread invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus.

Methods

For larval competition, larvae were reared at three densities (10, …

Food Insecurity And Violence In A Prospective Cohort Of Women At Risk For Or Living With Hiv In The U.S., Amy A. Conroy, Mardge H. Cohen, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Alexander C. Tsai, Tracey E. Wilson, Eryka L. Wentz, Adaora A. Adimora, Daniel Merenstein, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Lisa Metsch, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Adebola Adedimeji, Janet M. Turan, Phyllis C. Tien, Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Background Food insecurity and violence are two major public health issues facing U.S. women. The link between food insecurity and violence has received little attention, particularly regarding the temporal ordering of events. The present study used data from the Women’s Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study to investigate the longitudinal association of food insecurity and violence in a cohort of women at risk for or living with HIV.

Methods Study participants completed six assessments from 2013–16 on food insecurity (operationalized as marginal, low, and very low food security) and violence (sexual or physical, and psychological). We used multi-level logistic regression, controlling …

Does Family Communication Matter? Exploring Knowledge Of Breast Cancer Genetics In Cancer Families, Deborah Himes, Sarah H. Davis, Jane Lassetter Phd, Rn, Neil E. Peterson, Margaret F. Clayton, Wendy C. Birmingham, Anita Y. Kinney

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Knowledge of breast cancer genetics is critical for those at increased hereditary risk who must make decisions about breast cancer screening options. This descriptive study explored theory-based relationships among cognitive and emotional variables related to knowledge of breast cancer genetics in cancer families. Methods: Participants included first-degree relatives of women with breast cancer who had received genetic counseling and testing. Study participants themselves did not have breast cancer and had not received genetic counseling or testing. Data were collected by telephone interviews and surveys. Variables analyzed included numeracy, health literacy, cancer-related distress, age, education, and the reported amount of …

Distinct Fractions Of An Artemisia Scoparia Extract Contain Compounds With Novel Adipogenic Bioactivity, Anik Boudreau, Alexander Poulev, David M. Ribnicky, Ilya Raskin, Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy, Allison J. Richard, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2019 Boudreau, Poulev, Ribnicky, Raskin, Rathinasabapathy, Richard and Stephens. Adipocytes are important players in metabolic health and disease, and disruption of adipocyte development or function contributes to metabolic dysregulation. Hence, adipocytes are significant targets for therapeutic intervention in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Plants have long been sources for bioactive compounds and drugs. In previous studies, we screened botanical extracts for effects on adipogenesis in vitro and discovered that an ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) could promote adipocyte differentiation. To follow up on these studies, we have used various separation methods to identify the compound(s) responsible for SCO's adipogenic …

Multiplexed Paper Microfluidics For Titration And Detection Of Ingredients In Beverages, Manas Ranjan Gartia, Alisha Prasad

Faculty Publications

Food safety and access to systematic approaches for ensuring detection of food hazards is an important issue in most developing countries. With the arrival of paper-based analytical devices (mu PADs) as a promising, rapid, easy-to-use, and low-cost analytical tool, we demonstrated a simple microfluidic-based titration study for the analysis of packaged fruit juices. Similar, to the titration experiments using traditional glassware in chemistry laboratories, in this study the titration experiments were developed using paper microfluidics for the analysis of several analytes such as pH, vitamin C, sugars, and preservatives present in the packaged fruit juices. The allergen found commonly in …

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy For Rapid And Cost-Effective Determination Of Elemental Composition Of Ground Forage, Yadav Sapkota, Louis M. Mcdonald, Thomas C. Griggs, Thomas J. Basden, Brandon Lee Drake

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Application Of Steam Explosion In Oil Extraction Of Camellia Seed (Camellia Oleifera Abel.) And Evaluation Of Its Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid, And Antioxidant Activities, Shanying Zhang, Yong Gui Pan, Lili Zheng, Yang Yang, Xiaoyan Zheng, Binling Ai, Zhimin Xu, Zhanwu Sheng

Faculty Publications

This study evaluated the physicochemical properties of oils extracted from steam-exploded camellia seed (Camellia oleifera Abel.). Steam pressure, resident time, fatty acid composition, total phenolics, tocopherol, squalene, and sterol contents, and volatile compounds were determined. 1 H NMR and FTIR spectra were performed for the structure of camellia seed oil. This study has found the highest yield of oil was 86.56% and was obtained when steam explosion pretreatment was at 1.6 MPa 30 s. Oil extracted by steam explosion pretreatment exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and stronger antioxidant activities compared to untreated oil. The compositions of fatty acid were similar between …

Chinese College Students' Health Information Seeking Behavior: Implications For Academic Libraries, Yanxia Shi, Lili Luo

Faculty Publications

In 2016, Zexi Wei, a 21-year old Chinese college student died after receiving experimental treatment for synovial sarcoma at the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps. He learned about this treatment from a promoted result on the Chinese search engine Baidu (the equivalent of Google in China), and ultimately discovered that the hospital had misled patients by providing fraudulent information about the treatment's success rate. Wei's death prompted Chinese regulators to investigate Baidu's advertising practices, and drew widespread attention from the public about the ill-regulated practices of online dissemination of health information. As academic librarians, this tragic incident …

An Atheist Confirms Ellen White’S Counsel, Joann Davidson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Type Of Dietary Fat In An Isocaloric Breakfast Meal Does Not Modify Postprandial Metabolism In Overweight/Obese Pregnant Women, Mary Lesser, Kasuen Mauldin, Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek, Virginia Gildengorin, Janet King

Faculty Publications

Almonds provide a satiating, healthy source of fat and fiber. The postprandial metabolic and satiety response to 2 ounces of nuts or dairy was assessed in 18 overweight/obese women during late pregnancy. Serum glucose, triglycerides, insulin, c-peptide, leptin, ghrelin, and lipoprotein particles were measured prior to and during a 5-h postprandial period following the consumption of an isocaloric breakfast meal with equivalent amounts of fat from either nuts or dairy on two separate mornings. Satiety was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires and ad libitum food intake at the end of the study. At 33 weeks gestation, the women …