Digital Commons Network^™

Fundamental Decoherence From Quantum Gravity: A Pedagogical Review, Rodolfo Gambini, Rafael A. Porto, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

We present a discussion of the fundamental loss of unitarity that appears in quantum mechanics due to the use of a physical apparatus to measure time. This induces a decoherence effect that is independent of any interaction with the environment and appears in addition to any usual environmental decoherence. The discussion is framed self consistently and aimed to general physicists. We derive the modified Schrödinger equation that arises in quantum mechanics with real clocks and discuss the theoretical and potential experimental implications of this process of decoherence. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Density, Territory Size, And Long-Term Spatial Dynamics Of A Guild Of Terrestrial Insectivorous Birds Near Manaus, Brazil, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

From 1994 to 2003, I annually surveyed terrestrial insectivorous birds in a 100-ha plot within continuous rainforest near Manaus, Brazil. I used spot-map registrations and radiotagged birds to estimate territory size and density on the plot for 13 species. As in the few previous studies of Amazonian birds, territory sizes were large (mean = 13.0 ha) and densities were low (mean = 3.4 pairs per 100 ha). The most common species, Formicarius colma, was the only species with >10 pairs per 100 ha, and one of four species (with Myrmeciza ferruginea, Conopophaga aurita, and Corythopis torquaius) to have territories of …

Correlations Between Appearance And Yield Characters, And Path Analysis For Potato Tuber Appearance, Giovani Olegário Da Silva, Arione Da Silva Pereira, Velci Queiroz De Souza, Fernando Irajá Félix De Carvalho, Roberto Fritsche Neto

Faculty Publications

The objective of this work was to verify correlations between characters of tuber appearance and yield; as well as the influence of tuber appearance components characters on their expression and selection implications. A potato hybrid population of 15 families each one with 60 genotypes. The experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in Fall of 2004 and 2005. Tuber appearance was closer correlated with tuber shape, tuber curvature, tuber pointing and tuber eyebrow, in the seedling generation, and with tuber shape and tuber size uniformity, in the first clonal …

Potato Genotypes With Low Reducing Sugar Content, Arione Da S. Pereira, Roberto Fritsche Neto, Roberta Da S. Silva, Carolina I. Bender, Ana Paula Schünemann, Núbia Marilin L. Ferri, João Luiz Vendruscolo

Faculty Publications

The objectives of this work were to evaluate potato genotypes for reducing sugar content and post-harvest conditions that favored the identification of those with low content. Eight potato clones, previously selected for light frying color, and the cultivar Atlantic were evaluated in autumn seasons of 2004 and 2005. The experiments were carried out at Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas-RS, Brazil (31°52'S, 52°21'W), in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In 2004, the reducing sugar content was quantified after three conditions: curing the tubers; four weeks of refrigerated storage at 4°C; and refrigeration followed by reconditioning for two weeks. In …

Where Speech Loses Its Luster: Campaign Finance Laws And The Constitutional Downgrading Of Political Speech, Patrick Garry

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A New First Amendment Model For Evaluating Content-Based Regulation Of Internet Pornography: Revising The Strict Scrutiny Model To Better Reflect The Realities Of The Modern Media Age, Patrick Garry

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of Media Ratings Systems In Preventing Children’S Exposure To Violent And Sexually Explicit Media Content: An Empirical Study, Patrick Garry, Candice J. Spurlin

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The First Amendment And Non-Political Speech: Exploring A Constitutional Model That Focuses On The Existence Of Alternative Channels Of Communication, Patrick Garry

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

On Terrorism And Whistleblowing, Michael P. Scharf, Colin T. Mclaughlin

Faculty Publications

At a Bio-Terrorism Conference at Case Western Reserve University School of Law on March 31, 2006, the government participants were asked what they would do if a superior instructed them not to disclose information to the public about the likely grave health affects of an ongoing bio-terrorist attack. In response, they indicated that they would be reluctant to become a "whistleblower." This is not surprising since, despite the federal and state laws that purport to facilitate such whistleblowing for the public good, government whistleblowers routinely have faced loss of promotion, harassment, firing, and in some instances criminal prosecution when they …

Chaos In The Courtroom, Controlling Disruptive Defendants And Contumacious Counsel In War Crimes Trials, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

During the eight month-long Dujail trial (October 2005-August 2006), Saddam Hussein, his seven co-defendants, and their dozen lawyers regularly disparaged the judges, interrupted witness testimony with outbursts, turned cross examination into political diatribes, and staged frequent walk-outs and boycotts. Drawn from the author's September 2006 lecture to the staff of the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court in The Hague, this article examines some of history's previous messy trials and the strategies judges have employed with varying degrees of success to respond to disruptive conduct by trial participants. It then describes the various tactics employed by the …

Forward: Lessons From The Saddam Trial, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

Forward to the conference on "Lessons from the Daddam Trial."

Nafta's Double Standard Of Review, Juscelino F. Colares

Faculty Publications

Chapter 19 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) replaced court review of U.S. antidumping and countervailing duties with binding review by special binational panels of trade experts. It requires these panels to apply the same standard of review that U.S. courts use in trade remedy cases. Despite the centrality of this requirement to the Chapter 19 panel system, these panels have not adhered to this mandate. Chapter 19 panels overturn U.S. agency rulings much more often than the courts. In fact, they apply two different standards of review: exacting scrutiny where foreign producers and governments appeal, and near-absolute …

Characteristics Of Reduced Fat Milks As Influenced By The Incorporation Of Folic Acid, K. Achanta, C. A. Boeneke, K. J. Aryana

Faculty Publications

Folic acid plays an important role in the prevention of neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida and anencephaly), heart defects, facial clefts, urinary abnormalities, and limb deficiencies. Milk and milk products serve as a potential source for folic acid fortification because of the presence of folate-binding proteins that seem to be involved in folate bioavailability. Although milk is not a good source of folic acid, fortification could help in the prevention of the above-mentioned defects. The objective of this study was to examine the physicochemical characteristics of reduced fat milks fortified with folic acid. Reduced fat milks were prepared using …

This Bridge Called Imagination: On Reading The Arab Image Foundation, Dore Bowen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Extending The Conference Through Blogtracks: Reflections From The First Year Of A New Presentation Format, Richard E. West, Michael K. Barbour

Faculty Publications

The recently concluded annual convention for the Association for Educational Communications and Technology added a new presentation format: the BlogTrack. These were groups of bloggers who conducted their presentation through blogs in the weeks leading up to the convention, as well as during the convention. Because this was the inaugural year for the BlogTrack format, there were some inevitable growing pains. In this article, we discuss the purpose for the BlogTrack, summarize the two BlogTrack presentations offered this year, and reflect on the process while offering suggestions for more effective BlogTrack presentations in the future.

Effects Of Moisture On Ignition Behavior Of Moist California Chaparral And Utah Leaves, Thomas H. Fletcher, Brent M. Pickett, Steven G. Smith, Gregory S. Spittle, Megan M. Woodhouse, Elizabeth Haake, David R. Weise

Faculty Publications

Individual cuttings from eight plant species native to California chaparral or Utah were burned in a well-controlled, well-instrumented facility. Gas temperatures above a flat-flame burner were controlled at 987 C and 10 mol% O₂, resulting in a heat flux at the leaf surface varying from 80–140 kW/m². High moisture leaves were observed to burst due to the rapid escape of vapor from the leaf interior. Bubbles in or on the leaf surface were observed for leaves with moderate moisture contents. A large number of leaf temperature measurements were made, along with measurements of the ignition time …

Data Privacy, Data Piracy: Can India Provide Adequate Protection For Electronically Transferred Data?, Vinita Bali

Faculty Publications

Three employees of Mphasis, a business process outsourcing ("BPO") firm, which runs call center services for Citibank's U.S. customers in Bangalore, India, were arrested for allegedly siphoning $350,000 from the accounts of Citibank's U.S. customers. These employees used their positions, which provided them access to Citibank customers, to induce four customers into giving out the personal identification numbers to their accounts, allowing the employees to illegally siphon funds out of those accounts. Outsourcing is a growing trend among budgetconscious U.S. companies and institutions. Information being outsourced includes personal data and confidential proprietary information. For example, Unisys Corporation, a company that …

Language Accommodation And The Voting Rights Act, Angelo N. Ancheta

Faculty Publications

Since 1975, the language assistance provisions of the federal Voting Rights Act have provided important safeguards of voting rights to racial and ethnic minority citizens. Despite the renewal of key provisions of the Voting Rights Act in 2006 for an additional twenty-five years, Congress has not articulated a comprehensive theory of language rights in the voting arena, nor has it provided language assistance mechanisms that provide adequate assistance to all limited-English-proficient voters.

This paper articulates a theory of language accommodation within federal antidiscrimination jurisprudence and suggests revisions to key sections of the Voting Rights Act to expand coverage of the …

Stealth Risks Of Regulating Stealth Marketing: A Comment On Ellen Goodman's 'Stealth Marketing And Editorial Integrity', Eric Goldman

Faculty Publications

In this response piece to Ellen Goodman's Stealth Marketing and Editorial Integrity, 85 Tex. L. Rev. 83 (2006), Professor Goldman explores the potential adverse consequences of Professor Goodman's proposal for sponsorship disclosure laws. More specifically, Goldman argues that any deliberation of such disclosure laws must consider: (i) why consumers desire to know the source of content; (ii) whether consumer distrust of marketing wrongly affects consumers' evaluation of content; and (iii) the adverse effects of noisy disclosures.

Online Word Of Mouth And Its Implications For Trademark Law, Eric Goldman

Faculty Publications

This Chapter discusses the emergence of online word of mouth, the process by which consumers disseminate their views about marketplace goods and services. Due to online word of mouth, consumers have an unprecedented ability to influence the brand perceptions of other consumers. Unfortunately, these effects have put doctrinal pressure on trademark law, leading to judicial interpretations that inhibit the flow of online word of mouth and may damage the efficacy of marketplace mechanisms. This Chapter will explore how trademark law should be interpreted to preserve the flow of socially beneficial online word of mouth.

Introduction: Snapshots Of The State Of China’S Environmental Regulatory System, Tseming Yang

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ringing The Bell On The Nyse: Might A Nonprofit Stock Exchange Have Been Efficient?, Stephen F. Diamond

Faculty Publications

This spring the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (NYSE) completed an historic restructuring. On March 7, 2006, the NYSE completed its merger with Archipelago Holdings Inc. (Archipelago), a publicly traded electronic trading platform. As a result, the old NYSE itself will become the New York Stock Exchange LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of NYSE Group, Inc. (NYSE Group). The former members, or seat holders, of the NYSE will receive one of three forms of consideration: all cash, all stock in NYSE Group, or a package of cash and stock. Then, NYSE Group will allow those former members to offer their …

Rojack Revisited As Nightmare Avatar Of I, John, Your Brother (Rev. 1:9), Kevin Lewis

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Development Of Ruthenium-Based Catalysts For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Lingyun Liu, Hansung Kim, Jong-Won Lee, Branko N. Popov

Faculty Publications

A process was developed to synthesize ruthenium-based chelate (RuN_x) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, using RuCl₃ and propylene diammine as the Ru and N precursors, respectively. High-temperature pyrolysis has a critical role in the formation of the catalytic Ru–N sites for oxygen reduction. The RuN_x catalyst modified in the presence of nitrogen-containing organic exhibited comparable catalytic activity and selectivity for oxygen reduction to the carbon-supported Pt catalyst in acidic media. The catalyst generates less than 2% hydrogen peroxide during oxygen reduction.

On The Kauffman Bracket Skein Module Of The Quaternionic Manifold, Patrick M. Gilmer, John M. Harris

Faculty Publications

We use recoupling theory to study the Kauffman bracket skein module of the quaternionic manifold over Z[A(+/- 1)] localized by inverting all the cyclotomic polynomials. We prove that the skein module is spanned by five elements. Using the quantum invariants of these skein elements and the Z(2)-homology of the manifold, we determine that they are linearly independent.

The (Boundedly) Rational Basis Of Trademark Liability, Jeremy N. Sheff

Faculty Publications

This article argues that trademark infringement and dilution are best understood as commercial behavior that manipulates the cognitive biases of consumers, and as such threatens to render their heuristic judgments persistently inaccurate. In this view, trademark liability—whether imposed under the label of infringement or dilution—serves neither to protect property rights of trademark owners, nor to protect them against the unfair trade practices of competitors, but to shape consumer markets in such a way as to conform to the innate cognitive processes of boundedly rational consumers. The trademark regime can thus be understood as a legal apparatus designed (albeit perhaps unconsciously) …

Cell Phones Combined With Driving Becoming Major Source Of Exposure To Liability, Neil Fulton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The U.S. Health Care System And Labor Markets, Brigitte C. Madrian

Faculty Publications

There is no universal provider of health insurance or health care in the United States. Rather, a patchwork system of institutions exists, each covering different subgroups of the population. Certain types of health insurance are provided as a condition of employment, while other types of health insurance are more readily available when individuals are not employed or not fully employed, and still others are available regardless of employment status. The two most significant sources of health insurance coverage in the United States are employers, who collectively insure 63 percent of the non-elderly (below age 65) population, and governments, who collectively …

This Is The Right Place: Community-Based Art Education At Utah's Springville Museum Of Art, Mark Graham, Sharon R. Gray

Faculty Publications

The human condition in the post-modern world is increasingly nomadic. A sense of displacement and alienation is pervasive. Schools emphasize abstracted knowledge removed from the experience of students. Many people feel detached from the places where they live and have no particular sense of belonging or responsibility toward their communities. Museums can counter this pervasive restlessness and be a powerful source of community renewal. This article draws connections between place-based education theory and the educational mission of the art museum, as illustrated by the Springville Museum of Art. The small town of Springville, Utah enjoys an unparalleled connection with its …

Bite Mark Analysis, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

Courts have admitted bite mark comparison evidence in homicide, rape, and child abuse cases. By the 1980s, the technique had gained widespread judicial acceptance. Hundreds of cases have admitted this type of evidence, and no reported case has rejected it. Moreover, some courts speak of bite mark comparison as a "science." Indeed, its acceptance is so well-established that several courts have taken judicial notice of its reliability, implying that the validity of the technique is not subject to reasonable dispute.

Yet, the scientific foundations for bite mark comparisons has never been demonstrated. Such basic issues as the uniqueness of the …