Digital Commons Network^™

Calcium-Dependent Fast Depolarizing Afterpotentials In Vasopressin Neurons In The Rat Supraoptic Nucleus, Ryoichi Teruyama, William E. Armstrong

Faculty Publications

Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) synthesizing magnocellular cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) display distinct firing patterns during the physiological demands for these hormones. Depolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs) in these neurons are involved in controlling phasic bursting in VP neurons. Our whole cell recordings demonstrated a Cs+-resistant fast DAP (fDAP; decay tau = ∼200 ms), which has not been previously reported, in addition to the well-known Cs+-sensitive slower DAP (sDAP; decay tau = ∼2 s). Immunoidentification of recorded neurons revealed that all VP neurons, but only 20% of OT neurons, expressed the fDAP. The activation of the fDAP required influx …

Cloning, Analysis And Functional Annotation Of Expressed Sequence Tags From The Earthworm Eisenia Fetida, Mehdi Pirooznia, Ping Gong, Xin Guan, Laura S. Inouye, Kuan Yang, Edward J. Perkins, Youping Deng

Faculty Publications

Background

Eisenia fetida, commonly known as red wiggler or compost worm, belongs to the Lumbricidae family of the Annelida phylum. Little is known about its genome sequence although it has been extensively used as a test organism in terrestrial ecotoxicology. In order to understand its gene expression response to environmental contaminants, we cloned 4032 cDNAs or expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from two E. fetida libraries enriched with genes responsive to ten ordnance related compounds using suppressive subtractive hybridization-PCR.

Results

A total of 3144 good quality ESTs (GenBank dbEST accession number EH669363–EH672369 and EL515444–EL515580) were obtained from the raw clone …

The Fema Trailer Parks: Negative Perceptions And The Social Structure Of Avoidance, Matthew R. Lee, Frederick D. Weil, Edward S. Shihadeh

Faculty Publications

In recent years, negative media attention has fostered the impression that Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) parks are social wastelands filled with criminal elements and other undesirables. FEMA parks have subsequently come to be viewed by some as a major threat to the safety and quality of life of the local communities in which they are situated. This analysis addresses attitudes toward FEMA trailer parks in Baton Rouge after Hurricane Katrina among Baton Rouge residents. Drawing on the Locally Undesirable Land Use/Not in My Backyard (LULU/NIMBY) literature, the contact hypothesis, and a broad paradigm of social status and social control, …

Influence Of Fat-Replacing Ingredients On Process And Age Induced Soluble Nitrogen Content And Ultrastructure Of Lowfat Cheddar Cheese, Zahur U. Haque, Erdogan Küçüköner, Kayanush J. Aryana

Faculty Publications

Influence of fat-replacers on process and age (up to 6 months at 5°C) induced water soluble nitrogen generation in lowfat (5%, w/w) Cheddar cheese was investigated. Treatments with cellulose plus guar gum based Novagel NC200 (NOV), starch based Stellar (STEL), and protein based Dairy Lo (DL) and Simplesse (SIMP) were compared with lowfat (LFC) and fullfat (32%) controls. Nitrogen contents in aqueous extract were determined by Kjeldahl method. Process induced proteolysis followed the order DL > NOV > SIMP > STEL > LFO FFC. Age related proteolysis, which generated hydrophobic peptides, was rapid in the first 3 months, and resulted in an increase of …

Associations Among Physical Activity, Health Indicators, And Employment In 12th Grade Girls, Marsha Dowda, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Rod K. Dishman, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study compared physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and other health indicators between 1381 employed and nonemployed 12th grade girls.

Methods: The girls were from 22 high schools in South Carolina (2002-2003); 56% of the girls were African American, and the mean age was 17.7 (0.6) years. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were measured using the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR). Fitness, depressive symptoms, and smoking behavior were assessed.

Results: Fifty percent of the girls were employed, and on average, employed girls worked 9.6 30-minute blocks per day. Girls who worked reported significantly (p≤0.001) higher average total metabolic …

Allying For Peace: Treaty Obligations And Conflict Between Allies, Andrew G. Long, Timothy Nordstrom, Kyeonghi Baek

Faculty Publications

We argue that certain provisions of alliance treaties can signal credible commitments to a peaceful relationship among members and establish institutional mechanisms that promote the settlement of disagreements through peaceful negotiation. Nonaggression, peaceful dispute settlement, military institutionalization, and permanent organization provisions should increase the duration of peace between alliance members; we test our hypotheses with a duration model. The analysis generally supports our expectations except that alliances that create permanent organizations, even those specifically established to arbitrate disagreements, are associated with shorter durations of peace. We conclude with some implications of our argument for the study of military alliances and …

Raise The Proof: A Default Rule For Indigent Defense, Adam M. Gershowitz

Faculty Publications

Almost everyone agrees that indigent defense in America is underfunded, but workable solutions have been hard to come by. For the most part, courts have been unwilling to inject themselves into legislative budget decisions. And, when courts have become involved and issued favorable decisions, the benefits have been only temporary because once the pressure of litigation disappears so does a legislature's desire to appropriate more funding. This Article proposes that if an indigent defense system is under-funded, the state supreme court should impose a default rule raising the standard of proof to "beyond all doubt" to convict indigent defendants. The …

The Impact Of Maternal Relationship Quality On Emerging Adults’ Prosocial Tendencies: Indirect Effects Via Regulation Of Prosocial Values, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Stephanie D. Madsen, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

Studies document that parents serve as children’s primary socialization agents, particularly for moral development and prosocial behavior; however, less is known regarding parental influences on prosocial outcomes during the transition to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate how mother–child relationship quality was related to prosocial tendencies via emerging adults’ regulation of prosocial values. Participants included 228 undergraduate students (ranging from 18 to 25 years; 90% European American) and their mothers (ranging from 38 to 59 years) from four locations across the United States. Path analyses using structural equation modeling revealed that mother–child relationship quality was related to …

A Special Publication, Richard C. Reuben

Faculty Publications

As he notes, Richard Reuben was not the first editor of this magazine. But he was surely the dominant one. He took over the position in the spring issue of 1997, and over the ensuing decade he has left an indelible mark of excellence and professionalism on the publication.

Medium-Specific Regulation Of Attorney Advertising: A Critique, Lyrissa Lidsky, Tera Peterson

Faculty Publications

Florida has been one of the most aggressive states in regulating attorney advertising. The Florida Supreme Court recently adopted new and more stringent rules regulating broadcast advertising by attorneys, and the court appears poised to adopt new and more stringent rules governing Internet advertising by attorneys. As this Article details, the problem is that Florida's new and proposed rules violate both the First Amendment and sound public policy principles. This Article provides guidance to states contemplating further regulation of attorney advertising, and it indirectly critiques current commercial speech doctrine.

Process Purity And Innovation In Dispute Resolution: A Response To Professors Stempel, Cole, And Drahozal, Richard C. Reuben

Faculty Publications

This article uses a "process characteristics and values" approach to make the case against displacing arbitration finality with substantive judicial review. It responds to a trio of articles in a forthcoming Nevada Law Review symposium on whether and how the Federal Arbitration Act should be amended. In one article, Nevada Law Professor Jeffrey Stempel contends all arbitration awards should be subject to substantive judicial review similar to that of public trial courts. In a second article, Ohio State Professor Sarah Cole argues that substantive review should generally be permitted when the parties agree to it by contract, an issue now …

Challenging Political Boundaries In Post-Conflict States, Angela M. Banks

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Knowledge And Skills Required To Provide Health Information Related Virtual Reference Services: Evidence From A Survey, Feili Tu

Faculty Publications

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/72/ ©2007 Medical Library Association

Byu Adds "Zing" To New Carbonated Yogurt Product In Stores Nationwide, Byu News

Faculty Publications

A BYU professor invented the "zing" in General Mills' new carbonated yogurt product, now available in stores all over the country. Fizzix(TM), an extension of Yoplait's Go-GURT brand that comes in a tube, adds a tangy tingle to the traditional fruity flavor of yogurt that will "fizzify" the tongues of the 8- to 12-year-olds the company is targeting.

Conformational Control Of Selectivity In The Dienone-Phenol Rearrangement, Anne M. Sauer, William E. Crowe, Gregg Henderson, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

We have explored the dienone-phenol rearrangement of substrates where: only the p-cresol pathway is possible and relative migratory aptitudes should play no role in determining the regiochemistry of the reaction. For these substrates the selectivity of the rearrangement was found to depend on the stereochemistry of the spirocyclic intermediate formed during the course of the rearrangement. Rearrangement of one of these substrates gave-surprisingly-a single regioisomeric product. Selectivity in this case can be correlated with the relative stability of cationic intermediates, which lie on the pathway between spirocycle and final product. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Leadership Through Storytelling, Clive Muir

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Spiroplasma Spp. From Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Brains Or Ticks Induce Spongiform Encephalopathy In Ruminants, Frank O. Bastian, Dearl E. Sanders, Will A. Forbes, Sue D. Hagius, Joel V. Walker, William G. Henk, Fred M. Enright, Philip H. Elzer

Faculty Publications

Spiroplasma, small motile wall-less bacteria, are linked by molecular and serological studies to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which include scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. In this study, two experiments were undertaken to determine the role of spiroplasma in the pathogenesis of TSE. In experiment 1, Spiroplasma mirum, a rabbit tick isolate that had previously been shown to experimentally induce spongiform encephalopathy in rodents, was inoculated intracranially (IC) into ruminants. S. mirum-inoculated deer manifested clinical signs of TSE after 1.5 to 5.5 months incubation. The deer, as well as sheep and …

Epitope Mapping Of Hsv-1 Glycoprotein K (Gk) Reveals A T Cell Epitope Located Within The Signal Domain Of Gk, Yanira Osorio, Kevin R. Mott, Abdul M. Jabbar, Alberto Moreno, Timothy P. Foster, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Homayon Ghiasi

Faculty Publications

Glycoprotein K (gK) is a virion envelope component of herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), which plays an important role in virion morphogenesis and egress. We previously demonstrated that immunization of mice with gK, but not with any of the 10 other HSV-1 glycoproteins, resulted in exacerbation of corneal scarring and herpetic dermatitis following ocular HSV-1 infection. However, little is known about the gK epitope(s) that is (are) involved in T cell activities in vitro or in vivo. Thus, epitope mapping of gK was performed using a panel of 15-mer peptides with five-amino acid overlaps spanning the …

Spiroplasma Spp. From Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Brains Or Ticks Induce Spongiform Encephalopathy In Ruminants, Frank O. Bastian, Dearl E. Sanders, Will A. Forbes, Sue D. Hagius, Joel V. Walker, William G. Henk, Fred M. Enright, Philip H. Elzer

Faculty Publications

Spiroplasma, small motile wall-less bacteria, are linked by molecular and serological studies to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which include scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. In this study, two experiments were undertaken to determine the role of spiroplasma in the pathogenesis of TSE. In experiment 1, Spiroplasma mirum, a rabbit tick isolate that had previously been shown to experimentally induce spongiform encephalopathy in rodents, was inoculated intracranially (IC) into ruminants. S. mirum-inoculated deer manifested clinical signs of TSE after 1.5 to 5.5 months incubation. The deer, as well as sheep and …

Snell's Law Of Refraction Observed In Thermal Frontal Polymerization, John A. Pojman, Veronika Viner, Burcu Binici, Shanna Lavergne, Melanie Winsper, Dmitry Golovaty, Laura Gross

Faculty Publications

We demonstrate that Snell’s law of refraction can be applied to thermal fronts propagating through a boundary between regions that support distinct frontal velocities. We use the free-radical frontal polymerization of a triacrylate with clay filler that allows for two domains containing two different concentrations of a peroxide initiator to be molded together. Because the polymerization reaction rates depend on the initiator concentration, the propagation speed is different in each domain. We study fronts propagating in two parallel strips in which the incident angle is 90°. Our data fit Snell’s law v_r/v_i = sin θ_r/sin …

Aids And Culture: The Case For An African Information Identity, Kendra S. Albright

Faculty Publications

The library and information profession in Africa is not well recognized. It does not carry an identifiable set of core activities that share a common understanding across societies in Africa. The number of libraries in Africa is limited for a variety of reasons including lack of resources, populations that are not based in print literacy, and having its roots in the British model of librarianship. HIV/AIDS continues to pose severe problems for Sub-Saharan Africa. Some countries in the region have successfully reduced the number of HIV/AIDS cases, citing information as the main source of prevention, presenting library and information professionals …

Exchange Bias Behavior In Ni-Mn-Sb Heusler Alloys, Mahmud Khan, Igor Dubenko, Shane Stadler, Naushad Ali

Faculty Publications

The authors report the observation of exchange bias in bulk polycrystalline Ni50 Mn25+x Sb25-x Heusler alloys. Shifts in hysteresis loops of up to 248 Oe were observed in the 5 T field cooled samples. The observed exchange bias behavior in Ni50 Mn25+x Sb25-x is attributed to the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange interactions in the system. Such behavior is an addition to the multifunctional properties of the Ni50 Mn25+x Sb25-x Heusler alloy system. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Enhanced Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence In The Presence Of Fluorinated Alcohols, David J. Vinyard, Mark M. Richter

Faculty Publications

The electrdchemistry, UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and coreactant electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)32+ (where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been obtained in a series of hydroxylic solvents. The solvents included fluorinated and nonfluorinafed alcohols and alcohol/water mixtures. Tri-n-propylamine was used as the oxidative-reductive ECL coreactant. Blue shifts of up to 30 nm in PL emission wavelength maximums are observed compared to a Ru(bpy)32+/H2O standard due to interactions of the polar excited state (i.e., *Ru(bpy)32+) with the solvent media. For example, Ru(bpy)32+ in water has an emission maximum of 599 nm while in the more polar hexafluoropropanol and trifluoroethanol it is 562 …

Associations Between Shyness And Internalizing Behaviors, Externalizing Behaviors, And Relationships During Emerging Adulthood, Larry J. Nelson, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Sarah Badger, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Jason S. Carroll, Stephanie D. Madsen

Faculty Publications

Many studies have documented the ways in which shyness can be a barrier to personal well-being and social adjustment throughout childhood and adolescence; however, less is known regarding shyness in emerging adulthood. Shyness as experienced during emerging adulthood may continue to be a risk factor for successful development. The purpose of this study was to compare shy emerging adults with their non-shy peers in (a) internalizing behaviors, (b) externalizing behaviors, and (c) close relationships. Participants included 813 undergraduate students (500 women, 313 men) from a number of locations across the United States. Results showed that relatively shy emerging adults, both …

Functional Analysis Of Polyphenol Oxidases By Antisense/Sense Technology, Piyada Thipyapong, Michael J. Stout, Jutharat Attajarusit

Faculty Publications

Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones, the secondary reactions of which lead to oxidative browning and postharvest losses of many fruits and vegetables. PPOs are ubiquitous in angiosperms, are inducible by both biotic and abiotic stresses, and have been implicated in several physiological processes including plant defense against pathogens and insects, the Mehler reaction, photoreduction of molecular oxygen by PSI, regulation of plastidic oxygen levels, aurone biosynthesis and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Here we review experiments in which the roles of PPO in disease and insect resistance as well as in the Mehler reaction were investigated using …

Agreement Between Student-Reported And Proxy-Reported Physical Activity Questionnaires, Marsha Dowda, Russell R. Pate, James F. Sallis, Patty S. Freedson, Wendell C. Taylor, John R. Sirard, Stewart G. Trost

Faculty Publications

Parents and 531 students (46% males, 78% white) completed equivalent questionnaires. Agreement between student and parent responses to questions about hypothesized physical activity (PA) correlates was assessed. Relationships between hypothesized correlates and an objective measure of student's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a subset of 177 students were also investigated. Agreement between student and parent ranged from r=.34 to .64 for PA correlates. Spearman correlations between MVPA and PA correlates ranged from -.04 to .21 for student report and -.14 to .32 for parent report, and there were no statistical differences for 8 out of 9 correlations between parent …

Defining International Criminal Law, Beth Van Schaack, Ron Slye

Faculty Publications

This work is an introductory chapter for a forthcoming book on Understanding International Criminal Law to be published by Aspen Publishers as part of Aspen's Essentials series. This chapter presents a succinct definition of international criminal law (ICL), situating it within the fields of public international law, transnational law, international human rights, and international humanitarian law. Additional chapters in the text will address the history of ICL, the sources of ICL, the major international crimes and defenses, and ICL reasoning and rhetoric. Publication is expected in 2007 for adoption in 2008.

Vacuum Energy And Repulsive Casimir Forces In Quantum Star Graphs, S. A. Fulling, L. Kaplan, J. H. Wilson

Faculty Publications

Casimir pistons are models in which finite Casimir forces can be calculated without any suspect renormalizations. It has been suggested that such forces are always attractive, but we present several counterexamples, notably a simple type of quantum graph in which the sign of the force depends upon the number of edges. We also show that Casimir forces in quantum graphs can be reliably computed by summing over the classical orbits, and study the rate of convergence of the periodic orbit expansion. In generic situations where no analytic expression is available, the sign and approximate magnitude of Casimir forces can often …

Development Of A Simplified And Standardized Protocol With Potential For High-Throughput For Sperm Cryopreservation In Zebrafish Danio Rerio, Huiping Yang, Carrie Carmichael, Zoltan M. Varga, Terrence R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

Sperm cryopreservation offers potential for long-term storage of genetic resources. However, the current protocols for zebrafish Danio rerio are cumbersome and poorly reproducible. Our objective was to facilitate adoption of cryopreservation by streamlining methods from sperm collection through thawing and use. First, sperm activation was evaluated, and motility was completely inhibited when osmolality of the extender was ≥295-300 mOsmol/kg. To evaluate cryoprotectant toxicity, sperm were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA), methanol, or glycerol at 5, 10, and 15% concentrations. Based on motility, DMSO, DMA, and methanol (≤10%) were less toxic; therefore, sperm were cryopreserved using these cryoprotectants …

Revisiting Deviance And Its Relevance: A Conceptual History And Some Recent Applications In Discussions Of Violence And Institutional Social Control (Review Essay), William T. Armaline

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.