Digital Commons Network^™

Prevalence And Correlates Of Receiving Cigarettes As Gifts And Selecting Preferred Brand Because It Was Gifted: Findings From The Itc China Survey, Li-Ling Huang, Jim Thrasher, Yuan Jiang, Qiang Li, Geoffrey T. Fong, Anne Ck Quah

Faculty Publications

Background: Giving cigarettes as gifts is a common practice in China, but there have been few systematic studies of this practice. The present study was designed to estimate the incidence of receiving cigarettes as gifts, correlates of this practice, and its impact on brand selection in a representative sample of urban adult smokers in China.

Methods: Data were analyzed from Wave 2 of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey, where 4843 adult urban smokers were interviewed in six major Chinese cities between October 2007 and January 2008. The incidence of most recent cigarette acquisition due to gifting and the …

Surface Vacuum Energy In Cutoff Models: Pressure Anomaly And Distributional Gravitational Limit, Ricardo Estrada, Stephen A. Fulling, Fernando D. Mera

Faculty Publications

Vacuum-energy calculations with ideal reflecting boundaries are plagued by boundary divergences, which presumably correspond to real (but finite) physical effects occurring near the boundary. Our working hypothesis is that the stress tensor for idealized boundary conditions with some finite cutoff should be a reasonable ad hoc model for the true situation. The theory will have a sensible renormalized limit when the cutoff is taken away; this requires making sense of the Einstein equation with a distributional source. Calculations with the standard ultraviolet cutoff reveal an inconsistency between energy and pressure similar to the one that arises in noncovariant regularizations of …

Fib/Sem-Based Calculation Of Tortuosity In A Porous Licoo2 Cathode For A Li-Ion Battery, T. Hutzenlaub, A. Asthana, J. Becker, D. R. Wheeler, R. Zengerle, S. Thiele

Faculty Publications

We present a new method to quantify tortuosity in the porous, LiCoO2 cathode of a Li-ion battery. The starting point is a previously published 3D reconstruction from FIB/SEM images with three phases, the active material domain, carbon-binder domain and pore space. Based on this geometrical configuration, we compute effective diffusivities, from which we in turn derive tortuosity values for the pore space ranging between 5 and 11.6 for the three spatial directions. In a next step, we compare our approach to an imaging method that employs back-filling material. These methods do not differentiate between the carbon-binder domain and the pore …

White Paper Model-Centered Analysis Process (Mcap): A Pre-Design Analysis Methodology, Andrew S. Gibbons, Jon S. Nelson, Robert E. Richards

Faculty Publications

This paper defines a Model-Centered Analysis Process (MCAP) for pre-design analysis (PDA) to be used in the development of instruction that is problem-based, model-centered, and situated. The methodology we describe is based on theoretical principles for analysis described in a separate paper titled "Theoretical and Practical Requirements for a System of Pre-Design Analysis", which is also in this archive.

Mormon Media Studies Symposium - 2012, Sherry Baker

Faculty Publications

Website for the Mormon Media Studies Symposium year 2012.

Publishing Without Perishing: Sharing Ideas & Challenging The Closed System Of Academic Anthropology, Ryan B. Anderson

Faculty Publications

Why do we publish anthropology? Do we publish to communicate our ideas, or to move up the ranks of academia? We all know the basic narrative: In order to land a job and move up the socio-economic ladder of academicanthropology, we all need to publish. As the saying goes: publish or perish. So everyone — from graduate students onward — joins in and perpetuates this particular academic habitus. But is the current system working? We may all be publishing (or working toward it), but that does not mean that we have really avoided the “perish” part of the equation. The …

Meeting In The Middle: Fred L. Casmir's Contributions To The Field Of Intercultural Communication, Mark C. Hopson, Tabitha B. Hart, Gina Castle Bell

Faculty Publications

Fred Casmir's third culture building (TCB) framework made a major theoretical contribution to communication studies. Casmir conceptualized the framework as an active process whereby different cultural groups come together to form a third culture between them. The third culture then becomes a common ground for all participants; a cognitive space that incorporates elements of both cultures and yet remains separate and distinct. Third culture building is a departure from adoption (the process of taking on the cultural mores of another) or adaptation (modifying one's cultural mores to better fit those of another), and achieved through deliberate development in an extended …

Ferc Order 1000 As A New Tool For Promoting Energy Efficiency And Demand Response, Shelley Welton, Michael Gerrard

Faculty Publications

In July 2011, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order No. 1000, the latest in a series of orders directed at improving federal transmission access, planning, and coordination. Order 1000 requires, for the first time, that electricity transmission providers engage in regionwide transmission planning, and further mandates that such planning consider how federal and state public policies affect transmission needs. Public utility transmission providers are now in the process of amending their operating tariffs to comply with this new order. It is therefore an important time for all those with an interest in the future of the electric grid …

Aqueous Synthesis Of 1-H-2-Substituted Benzimidazoles Via Transition-Metal-Free Intramolecular Amination Of Aryl Iodides, Chunxia Chen, Chen Chen, Bin Li, Jingwei Tao, Jinsong Peng

Faculty Publications

A straightforward method has been developed for the synthesis of the benzimidazole ring system through a carbon-nitrogen cross-coupling reaction. In the presence of 2.0 equiv. of K 2CO 3 in water at 100 °C for 30 h, the intramolecular cyclization of N-(2-iodoaryl)benzamidine provides benzimidazole derivatives in moderate to high yields. Remarkably, the procedure occurs exclusively in water and doesn't require the use of any additional reagent/catalyst, rendering the methodology highly valuable from both environmental and economical points of view. © 2012 by the authors.

Restrictive State And Local Immigration Laws: Solutions In Search Of Problems, Pratheepan Gulasekaram, Karthick Ramakrishnan

Faculty Publications

In the Issue Brief, the authors demonstrate that conventional understandings of why states and localities pass restrictive immigration laws do not hold up under empirical analysis. Rather, the data from their nationwide study of 50 states and over 25,000 local jurisdictions show that “what most subfederal jurisdictions with immigration enforcement laws share is not economic stress or overconsumption of public goods or heightened violent crime, but rather a partisan composition within their legislative and executive branches that is highly receptive to enforcement heavy proposals.” These laws are not, as some have contended, organic local responses to inaction at the federal …

Nanoscale Plasmonic Devices Based On Metal-Dielectric-Metal Stub Resonators, Yin Huang, Changjun Min, Liu Yang, Georgios Veronis

Faculty Publications

We review some of the recent research activities on plasmonic devices based on metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) stub resonators for manipulating light at the nanoscale. We first introduce slow-light subwavelength plasmonic waveguides based on plasmonic analogues of periodically loaded transmission lines and electromagnetically induced transparency. In both cases, the structures consist of a MDM waveguide side-coupled to periodic arrays of MDM stub resonators. We then introduce absorption switches consisting of a MDM plasmonic waveguide side-coupled to a MDM stub resonator filled with an active material. © 2012 Yin Huang et al.

Characterization Of Cell Proliferation Throughout The Brain Of The African Cichlid Fish Astatotilapia Burtoni And Its Regulation By Social Status, Karen P. Maruska, Russ E. Carpenter, Russell D. Fernald

Faculty Publications

New cells are added in the brains of all adult vertebrates, but fishes have some of the greatest potential for neurogenesis and gliogenesis among all taxa, partly due to their indeterminate growth. Little is known, however, about how social interactions influence cell proliferation in the brain of these fishes that comprise the largest group of vertebrates. We used 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to identify and localize proliferation zones in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon that were primarily associated with ventricular surfaces in the brain of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. Cell migration was evident in some regions by 1 day …

A Stress Inducible Sumo Conjugating Enzyme Gene (Sasce9) From A Grass Halophyte Spartina Alterniflora Enhances Salinity And Drought Stress Tolerance In Arabidopsis, Ratna Karan, Prasanta K. Subudhi

Faculty Publications

Background: SUMO (Small Ubiquitin related Modifier) conjugation is a post translational regulatory process found in all eukaryotes, mediated by SUMO activating enzyme, SUMO conjugating enzyme, and SUMO ligase for the attachment of SUMO to its target protein. Although the mechanism for regulation of SUMO conjugation pathway genes under abiotic stress has been studied to certain extent, the role of SUMO conjugating enzyme in improving abiotic stress tolerance to plant is largely unexplored. Here, we have characterized a SUMO conjugating enzyme gene 'SaSce9' from a halophytic grass Spartina alterniflora and investigated its role in imparting abiotic stress tolerance.Results: SaSce9 gene encodes …

Irradiation Induced Fluorescence Enhancement In Pegylated Cyanine-Based Nir Nano- And Mesoscale Gumbos, Chengfei Lu, Susmita Das, Paul K.S. Magut, Min Li, Bilal El-Zahab, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

We report on the synthesis and characterization of a PEGylated IR786 GUMBOS (Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts). The synthesis of this material was accomplished using a three step protocol: (1) substitution of chloride on the cyclohexenyl ring in the heptamethine chain of IR786 by 6-aminohexanoic acid, (2) grafting of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MeOPEG) onto the 6-aminohexanoic acid via an esterification reaction, and (3) anion exchange between [PEG786][I] and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiNTf 2) or sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) in order to obtain PEG786 GUMBOS. Examination of spectroscopic data for this PEG786 GUMBOS indicates a large stokes shift (122 nm). …

Aqueous-Based Initiator Attachment And Atrp Grafting Of Polymer Brushes From Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Substrates, Sreelatha S. Balamurugan, Balamurugan Subramanian, Jowell G. Bolivar, Robin L. Mccarley

Faculty Publications

Many polymers, such as PMMA, are very susceptible to swelling or dissolution by organic solvents. Growing covalently attached polymer brushes from these surfaces by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is challenging because of the typical requirement of organic solvent for initiator immobilization. We report an unprecedented, aqueous-based route to graft poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAAm, from poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, surfaces by ATRP, wherein the underlying PMMA is unaffected. Successful attachment of the ATRP initiator, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-2-bromo-2- methylpropionate, on amine-bearing PMMA surfaces was confirmed by XPS. From this surface-immobilized initiator, thermoresponsive PNIPAAm brushes were grown by aqueous ATRP to yield optically transparent PNIPAAm-grafted PMMA surfaces. This …

Visual And Electronic Evaluations Of Detached Strawberry Leaves Inoculated With Colletotrichum Species, M. A. Miller-Butler, K. J. Curry, B. R. Kreiser, B. J. Smith

Faculty Publications

Inoculation of detached strawberry leaves with Colletotrichum species may provide an accurate, rapid, non-destructive method of identifying anthracnose resistant germplasm. Two assessments of anthracnose disease severity were compared on detached strawberry leaves inoculated with Colletotrichum fragariae and C. gloeosporioides: a quantitative assessment made via computer-based image analysis and a visual assessment made by two independent raters. The image analysis provided a precise measurement of percent lesion area of infected leaves. There was a strong positive correlation between percent lesion area and the visual disease scores of the raters.

The Oral Presentation: Enhancing The Experience In An Online Business Communication Course, Marsha L. Bayless, Judith L. Biss, Betty S. Johnson

Faculty Publications

This study addressed student and faculty experiences in using a commercially available website to facilitate the delivery and evaluation of student presentations in the online business communication course. Of the students enrolled in online business communication, 75 students participated in the study by sharing their perceptions of the effectiveness of the oral presentation process. Additionally, their faculty members assessed the process from the instructor’s perspective. The findings and conclusion revealed that the process provided useful student feedback and was more effective than pedagogical methods tried before.

Look! Up In Cyberspace! Is It Web 2.0? Is It Web 3.0? No! It’S Superweb – Technologies For The Classroom!, Susan Evans Jennings, M. Gail Weatherly

Faculty Publications

Using the familiar Bloom‟s Taxonomy pyramid, traditionally applied in educational learning objectives, can be useful in helping to choose the right technology to assist in reaching the desired educational outcomes. Many Web technologies provide free or low-cost teaching tools. Some of the many options available for the computer are provided here along with lesson ideas to incorporate these tools into the learning environment.

Empowering Settlors: How Proper Language Can Increase The Enforceability Of A Mandatory Arbitration Provision In A Trust, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

With hostile trust litigation reaching epidemic proportions, many people within the trust industry are interested in identifying new and less expensive ways to resolve trust-related disputes. Arbitration is often proposed as a possible alternative, although questions exist about whether and to what extent a mandatory arbitration provision found in a trust will be considered enforceable by a court. Up until now, most commentary in this area of law has focused on purely jurisprudential issues, with little attention being paid to the practical efforts that settlors can make to increase the enforceability of arbitration provisions found in trusts. This Article takes …

Public Forum 2.1: Public Higher Education Institutions And Social Media, Robert H. Jerry Ii, Lyrissa Lidsky

Faculty Publications

Public colleges and universities increasingly are using Facebook, Second Life, YouTube, Twitter, and other social media communications tools. Yet public colleges and universities are government actors, and their creation and maintenance of social media sites or forums create difficult constitutional and administrative challenges. Our separate experiences, both theoretical and practical, have convinced us of the value of providing guidance for public higher education institutions wishing to engage with their constituents-including prospective, current, and former students and many others-through social media.

Together, we seek to guide public university officials through the complex body of law governing their social media use and …

The Supremacy Clause As Structural Safeguard Of Federalism: State Judges And International Law In The Post-Erie Era, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

Against a backdrop of state constitutional and legislative initiatives aimed at limiting judicial use of international law, this Article argues that state judges have, by and large, interpreted treaties and customary international law so as to narrow their effect on state law-making prerogatives. Where state judges have used international law more liberally, they have done so to give effect to state executive and legislative objectives. Not only does this thesis suggest that the trend among state legislatures to limit state judges' use of international law is self-defeating, it also gives substance to a relatively unexplored structural safeguard of federalism: state …

Effect Of Prebiotics On Lactobacillus Acidophilus Growth And Resulting Ph Changes In Skim Milk And A Model Peptone System, D. W. Olson, K. J. Aryana

Faculty Publications

The effect of Raftiline® GR, Raftiline® HP-Gel, and Raftilose® P95 prebiotics on growth curves of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K and resulting pH changes in skim milk and a model system consisting of 0.1% peptone was investigated. Skim milk (100mL) and 0.1% peptone (100mL) each containing either 1% or 3% Raftiline® GR, Raftiline® HP-Gel, or Raftilose® P95 prebiotics were autoclaved, cooled to 37°C, and inoculated with 0.132mL of L. acidophilus LA-K. Both the growth of L. acidophilus and the changes in pH were followed for 16h at 37°C. The growth was determined by measuring the optical density (turbidity) at 600nm. …

Ecology Of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus And Vibrio Vulnificus In The Coastal And Estuarine Waters Of Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, And Washington (United States), Crystal N. Johnson, John C. Bowers, Kimberly J. Griffitt, Vanessa Molina, Rachel W. Clostio, Shaofeng Pei, Edward Laws, Rohinee N. Paranjpye, Mark S. Strom, Arlene Chen, Nur A. Hasan, Anwar Huq, Nicholas F. Noriea Iii, D. Jay Grimes, Rita R. Colwell

Faculty Publications

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, which are native to estuaries globally, are agents of seafood-borne or wound infections, both potentially fatal. Like all vibrios autochthonous to coastal regions, their abundance varies with changes in environmental parameters. Sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), and chlorophyll have been shown to be predictors of zooplankton and thus factors linked to vibrio populations. The contribution of salinity, conductivity, turbidity, and dissolved organic carbon to the incidence and distribution of Vibrio spp. has also been reported. Here, a multicoastal, 21-month study was conducted to determine relationships between environmental parameters and V. parahaemolyticus …

Confronting Supreme Court Fact Finding, Allison Orr Larsen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Scope Of Trademark Law In The Age Of The Brand Persona, Laura A. Heymann

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Texting While Driving Meets The Fourth Amendment: Deterring Both Texting And Warrantless Cell Phone Searches, Adam M. Gershowitz

Faculty Publications

Recent laws criminalizing texting while driving are under-inclusive, ambiguous, and impose light punishments that are unlikely to deter. At the same time, the laws empower police to conduct warrantless searches of drivers’ cell phones. Texting while driving is dangerous and should be punished with stiff fines, possible jail time, license suspensions, and interlock devices that prevent use of phones while driving. However, more severe punishment will not eliminate police authority to conduct warrantless cell phone searches. This Article therefore proposes that legislatures allow drivers to immediately confess to texting while driving in exchange for avoiding a search of their phones. …

Making Sex The Same: Ending The Unfair Treatment Of Males In Family Law, Myrisha S. Lewis

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Subverting Symbolism: The Matthew Shepard And James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act And Cooperative Federalism, Kami Chavis Simmons

Faculty Publications

Hate crimes continue to persist in the United States and undermine the traditions and values to which the country aspires. Until recently, however, the stringent jurisdictional limitations of existing federal legislation made it difficult for the federal government to prosecute these crimes. In October 2009, President Obama signed into law the Matthew Shepard James Byrd Jr., Hate Crimes Prevention Act (the "HCPA"). The HCPA significantly expands the federal government's authority to prosecute defendants accused of hate crimes because it dispenses with a previous jurisdictional requirement that made it difficult to prosecute many such crimes. The HCPA also represents an expansion …

Applying Crawford's Confrontation Right In A Digital Age, Jeffrey Bellin

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Party Polarization And Judicial Review: Lessons From The Affordable Care Act, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

Congress paid nearly no attention to the Constitution when enacting the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010. Legislative hearings and committee reports ignored the Constitution altogether; legislative debates largely did the same. This Essay both highlights Congress’s indifference to the Constitution when enacting the ACA and examines the reasons behind this legislative failure. In particular, this Essay advances three explanations. First, Congress is generally uninterested in “public goods” like constitutional interpretation. Second, the polarization of Democrats and Republicans in Congress further depresses Congress’s interest in thinking about the Constitution; instead, the majority party seeks to limit opportunities for the minority …