Digital Commons Network^™

A Geometric Trapping Approach To Global Regularity For 2d Navier-Stokes On Manifolds, Aynur Bulut, Manh Khang Huynh

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we use frequency decomposition techniques to give a direct proof of global existence and regularity for the Navier-Stokes equations on two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds without boundary. Our techniques are inspired by an approach of Mattingly and Sinai [15] which was developed in the context of periodic boundary conditions on a flat background, and which is based on a maximum principle for Fourier coefficients. The extension to general manifolds requires several new ideas, connected to the less favorable spectral localization properties in our setting. Our arguments make use of frequency projection operators, multilinear estimates that originated in the study …

Right-Angled Coxeter Groups With Non-Planar Boundary, Pallavi Dani, Matthew Haulmark, Genevieve Walsh

Faculty Publications

We investigate the planarity of the boundaries of right-angled Coxeter groups. We show that non-planarity of the defining graph does not necessarily imply non-planarity of every boundary of the associated right-angled Coxeter group, although it does in many cases. Our techniques yield a characterization of the triangle-free defining graphs such that the associated right-angled Coxeter group has boundary a Menger curve.

Unavoidable Induced Subgraphs Of Large 2-Connected Graphs, Sarah Allred, Guoli Ding, Bogdan Oporowski

Faculty Publications

Ramsey_ proved that for every positive integer n, every sufficiently large graph contains an induced Kn or Kn. Among the many extensions of Ramsey's theorem, there is an analogue for connected graphs: For every positive integer n, every sufficiently large connected graph contains an induced Kn, K1,n, or Pn. In this paper, we establish an analogue for 2-connected graphs. In particular, we prove that for every integer exceeding two, every sufficiently large 2-connected graph contains one of the following as an induced subgraph: Kn, a subdivision of K2,n, a subdivision of K2,n with an edge between the two vertices of …

On Gupta's Codensity Conjecture, Yan Cao, Guantao Chen, Guoli Ding, Guangming Jing, Wenan Zang

Faculty Publications

Let G = (V, E) be a multigraph. The cover index ξ (G) of G is the greatest integer k for which there is a coloring of E with k colors such that each vertex of G is incident with at least one edge of each color. Let δ (G) be the minimum degree of G, and let Φ (G) be the codensity of G, defined by Φ (G) = min (equation presented) {^2|E+(U)||U|+1 : U ⊆ V, | U| ≥ 3 and odd }, where E⁺(U) is the set of all edges of G with …

Perspective On Predictive Modeling: Current Status, New High-Order Methodology And Outlook For Energy Systems, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This work presents a perspective on deterministic predictive modeling methodologies, which aim at extracting best-estimate values for model responses and parameters along with reduced predicted uncertainties for these best-estimate values. The two oldest such methodologies are the data-adjustment method, which stems from the nuclear energy field, and the data-assimilation method, which is implemented in the geophysical sciences. Both of these methodologies attempt to minimize, in the least-square sense, a user-defined functional that represents the discrepancies between computed and measured model responses. These two methodologies were briefly reviewed and shown to be inconsistent even to first-order in the sensitivities of the …

How Cost-Effective Are Electric Vehicle Subsidies In Reducing Tailpipe-Co2 Emissions? An Analysis Of Major Electric Vehicle Markets, Tamara L. Sheldon, Rubal Dua, Omar Abdullah Alharbi

Faculty Publications

We estimate the cost-effectiveness of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) subsidies in reducing tailpipe-CO2 emissions in China, the U.S., and nine European countries. We find that the per-tonne cost of tailpipe-CO2 avoided increases linearly with the government-subsidized percentage of the PEV price. Costs are relatively higher in the Netherlands and Denmark, which subsidized high-priced PEVs including plug-in hybrids, and lower in the U.S., where PEVs replaced higher-emissions cars. Chinese PEV subsidies have a short-run static cost of up to $1,600 per tonne, far exceeding the social cost of carbon, suggesting that subsidies are more a part of China’s industrial policy than …

Part I — Introduction: Social Physics And The Vespace Project, Jeffrey M. Leichman, Ben Samuel

Faculty Publications

This article introduces the VESPACE project, an international, multi-disciplinary digital humanities initiative to build a computer-mediated playable simulation—a video game—of the eighteenth-century Paris Fair theatre. As part of this project, a weeklong postgraduate workshop was convened by the authors in May 2020 to develop protocols and procedures for coding literary and historical data for the Ensemble social physics engine that will govern behaviour of non-player characters (NPCs) in the interactive model. This article lays out the history and theory of social physics, the potential impacts of this project on historiographic practice, and the methodology and outcomes of the workshop week. …

Exploring The Spatial Autocorrelation In Soil Moisture Networks: Analysis Of The Bias From Upscaling The Texas Soil Observation Network (Txson), Yaping Xu, Cuiling Liu, Lei Wang, Lei Zou

Faculty Publications

Microwave remote sensing such as soil moisture active passive (SMAP) can provide soil moisture data for agricultural and hydrological studies. However, the scales between station-measured and satellite-measured products are quite different, as stations measure on a point scale while satellites have a much larger footprint (e.g., 9 km). Consequently, the validation for soil moisture products, especially inter-comparison between these two types of observations, is quite a challenge. Spatial autocorrelation among the stations could be a contribution of bias, which impacts the dense soil moisture networks when compared with satellite soil moisture products. To examine the effects of spatial autocorrelation to …

Blockchain In Supply Chain Management: A Feature-Function Framework For Future Research, James C. Brau, John Gardner, Hugo A. Decampos, Krista Gardner

Faculty Publications

Purpose – Blockchain technology offers numerous venues for supply chain applications and research. However, the connections between specific blockchain features and future applications have been unclear to date in its evolution. The purpose of this study is to fill this void.

Design/methodology/approach – The authors advance the understanding of blockchain in supply chain management by providing a new research framework built on unique blockchain features as applied across core supply chain functions.

Findings – This study’s framework is a feature-function matrix that integrates four overarching supply chain functions (i.e. supplier management, logistics, production processes and customer management) with nine blockchain …

Institutional Support For Academic Engagement In Online And Blended Learning Environments: Exploring Affective, Behavioral, And Cognitive Dimensions, Charles R. Graham, Jered Borup, Sara Tuiloma, Adriana Martínez Arias, Ross Larsen

Faculty Publications

In light of the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders of higher education institutions around the world have been contemplating ways to help their universities engage in a digital transformation that must have student engagement and learning as the foremost considerations. This study reports on the work conducted at a university in Colombia that created an evaluation instrument based on the Academic Communities of Engagement (ACE) framework (Borup et al., 2020) to examine how well the institution was supporting the affective, behavioral, and cognitive (ABC) dimensions of engagement in its online and blended learning course offerings. This survey, the …

Planetary Protection: An International Concern And Responsibility, Athena Coustenis, Niklas Hedman, Peter T. Doran, Omar Al Shehhi, Eleonora Ammannito, Masaki Fujimoto, Olivier Grasset, Frank Groen, Alexander G. Hayes, Vyacheslav Ilyin, K. Praveen Kumar, Caroline Emmanuelle Morisset, Christian Mustin, Karen Olsson-Francis, Jing Peng, Olga Prieto-Ballesteros, Francois Raulin, Petra Rettberg, Silvio Sinibaldi, Yohey Suzuki, Kanyan Xu, Maxim Zaitsev

Faculty Publications

Planetary protection is a set of measures agreed upon at an international level to ensure the protection of scientific investigation during space exploration. As space becomes more accessible with traditional and new actors launching complex and innovative projects that involve robotics (including sample return) and human exploration, we have the responsibility to protect the pristine environments that we explore and our own biosphere. In this sense, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) provides the international standard for planetary protection as well as a forum for international consultation. COSPAR has formulated a Planetary Protection Policy with associated requirements for responsible space …

In Pursuit Of Sustainable Educational Development: The Philippines And The English Dilemma, Rosemary C. Salomone

Faculty Publications

The English language poses a dilemma in meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for education in countries with high multilingualism, high poverty and unequal schooling, such as the Philippines. This chapter considers Goal 1 (reducing poverty), Goal 4 (promoting educational quality) and Goal 10 (reducing inequalities) in relation to what has become an array of executive orders, regulations and laws that have shifted in the political winds, even as the judiciary has tried to navigate a measured course. It underscores how the primacy of English in the national consciousness, tied to global markets, undercuts multilingual policies based in …

A Mathematical Modeling Technique To Understand The Role Of Decoy Receptors In Ligand‑Receptor Interaction, Subrata Dey, Aditi Ghosh, Malay Banerjee

Faculty Publications

The ligand‑receptor interaction is fundamental to many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells such as cell migration, proliferation, adhesion, signaling and so on. Cell migration is a central process in the development of organisms. Receptor induced chemo‑tactic sensitivity plays an important role in cell migration. However, recently some receptors identified as decoy receptors, obstruct some mechanisms of certain regular receptors. DcR3 is one such important decoy receptor, generally found in glioma cell, RCC cell and many various malignant cells which obstruct some mechanism including apoptosis cell‑signaling, cell inflammation, cell migration. The goal of our work is to mathematically formulate ligand‑receptor interaction …

Learning Infused Quantum-Classical Distributed Optimization Technique For Power Generation Scheduling, Reza Mahroo, Amin Kargarian

Faculty Publications

The advent of quantum computing can potentially revolutionize how complex problems are solved. This article proposes a two-loop quantum-classical solution algorithm for generation scheduling by infusing quantum computing, machine learning, and distributed optimization. The aim is to facilitate employing noisy near-term quantum machines with a limited number of qubits to solve practical power system optimization problems, such as generation scheduling. The outer loop is a three-block quantum alternating direction method of multipliers (QADMM) algorithm that decomposes the generation scheduling problem into three subproblems, including one quadratically unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) and two non-QUBOs. The inner loop is a trainable quantum …

Interfacial Activity And Surface Pka Of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids (Pfcas), Ruchi Patel, Luis E. Saab, Philip J. Brahana, Kalliat T. Valsaraj, Bhuvnesh Bharti

Faculty Publications

Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are widely used synthetic chemicals that are known for their exceptional stability and interfacial activity. Despite their industrial and environmental significance, discrepancies exist in the reported pKa values for PFCAs, often spanning three to four units. These disparities stem from an incomplete understanding of how pH influences the ionized state of PFCA molecules in the bulk solution and at the air-water interface. Using pH titration and surface tension measurements, we show that the pKa values of the PFCAs adsorbed at the air-water interface differ from the bulk. Below the equivalence point, the undissociated and dissociated forms …

Editorial: Application Of Periodic Structure Theory With Finite Element Approach, Chitaranjan Pany, Guoqiang Li

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Toward The Development Of Plasticity Theories For Application To Small-Scale Metal Structures, Bin Zhang, K. L. Nielsen, J. W. Hutchinson, W. J. Meng

Faculty Publications

Experiments are performed on micron-scale single-crystal prototypical structural elements experiencing combined torsion and bending to gather data on their load-carrying capacity in the range of size and strain relevant to micron-scale structures for which little data are available. The observed strengthening dependence on size for the structural elements is in general accord with trends inferred from prior tests such as indentation and pure torsion. In addition, the experiments systematically reveal the strengthening size-dependence of structural elements whose surface has been passivated by a very thin Cr coating, an effect shown to have substantial strengthening potential. A state-of-the-art strain gradient plasticity …

Optimizing Pier Design To Mitigate Scour: A Comprehensive Review And Large Eddy Simulation Study, A. M. Aly, F. Khaled

Faculty Publications

Scour-induced sediment erosion poses a significant threat to the safety and longevity of infrastructure, including bridges, wind turbines, elevated buildings, and coastal infrastructure. Despite the well-known destructive consequences of scour, accurate models that capture the complexity of its dynamics remain elusive, impeding the development of effective countermeasures. We provide a comprehensive review of existing literature on scour dynamics and examine the fluid dynamics and bed shear stress surrounding bridge piers. We propose CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations with LES (Large-Eddy Simulation). The current paper demonstrate that LES is a more effective technique than RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) for investigating bridge …

Semi-Parametric Control Architecture For Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Subject To Time Delays, Ignacio Carlucho, Dylan Stephens, William Ard, Corina Barbalata

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a data-driven model-based control system for autonomous underwater vehicles (or AUVs) subject to input delays. This work is motivated by the input time delays that can arise in underwater robotics due to communication restrictions and sensor malfunctions. Such delays can highly degrade the performance of classical control structures resulting in unpredictable system behaviours. The proposed control architecture addresses such limitations. The approach incorporates a linear dynamic representation of the system obtained using the Koopman operator in an observer/state prediction formulation. The proposed control architecture is designed based on discrepancies between the data-driven estimation of the system's behaviour …

Event-Triggered Control Under Unknown Input And Unknown Measurement Delays Using Interval Observers, Michael Malisoff, Frederic Mazenc, Corina Barbalata

Faculty Publications

We provide a new input-to-state stabilizing event-triggered feedback design for linear systems with unknown input delays, unknown measurement delays, and unknown additive disturbances. Our trigger times are computed using only the matrices defining the system and time-lagged sampled state values. We use the theory of positive systems, interval observers, and a vector version of Halanay's inequality. We illustrate our method using a marine robotic model.

Analytical Advances In Homeowner Flood Risk Quantification Considering Insurance, Building Replacement Value, And Freeboard, Md Adilur Rahim, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz, Carol J. Friedland, Robert V. Rohli, Nazla Bushra

Faculty Publications

An accurate economic loss assessment for natural hazards is vital for planning, mitigation, and actuarial purposes. The widespread and costly nature of flood hazards, with the economically disadvantaged disproportionately victimized population, makes flood risk assessment particularly important. Here, flood risk is assessed as incurred by the homeowner vs. the flood insurer for insured U.S. properties through the derivation of average annual loss (AAL). AAL is estimated and partitioned using Monte Carlo simulation at the individual home scale, considering insurance coverage and deductible, and the first-floor height (i.e., height of the first floor above the ground), to determine the AAL proportion …

Flood Damage And Shutdown Times For Industrial Process Facilities: A Vulnerability Assessment Process Framework, Carol J. Friedland, Fatemeh Orooji, Ayat Al Assi, Matthew L. Flynn, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz

Faculty Publications

Much of the U.S. petrochemical infrastructure is heavily concentrated along the western coast of the Gulf of Mexico within the impact zone of major tropical cyclone events. Flood impacts of recent tropical disturbances have been exacerbated by an overall lack of recognition of the vulnerabilities to process systems from water intrusion, as well as insufficient disaster mitigation planning. Vulnerability assessment methods currently call for the aggregation of qualitative data to survey the susceptibility of industrial systems to floodwater damage. A means to quantify these consequences is less often employed, resulting in a poor translation of the threat of flood hazards …

Homeowner Flood Risk And Risk Reduction From Home Elevation Between The Limits Of The 100- And 500-Year Floodplains, Ayat Al Assi, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz, Carol J. Friedland, Robert V. Rohli, Md Adilur Rahim

Faculty Publications

Floods inflict significant damage even outside the 100-year floodplain. Thus, restricting flood risk analysis to the 100-year floodplain (Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) in the United States of America) is misleading. Flood risk outside the SFHA is often underestimated because of minimal flood-related insurance requirements and regulations and sparse flood depth data. This study proposes a systematic approach to predict flood risk for a single-family home using average annual loss (AAL) in the shaded X Zone–the area immediately outside the SFHA (i.e., the 500-year floodplain), which lies between the limits of the 1.0- and 0.2-percent annual flood probability. To further …

A Multi-Measure Approach For Lexical Diversity In Writing Assessments: Considerations In Measurement And Timing, Kelly Woods, Brett James Hashimoto, Earl K. Brown

Faculty Publications

Several researchers (e.g., Gebril & Plakans, 2016; Crossley & McNamara, 2012) have noted a relationship between lexical diversity (LD) and writing proficiency. Previous research has indicated that typical LD measures can account for as much as 44 % of variability in writing proficiency (Crossley et al., 2011). However, it remains unclear which of the numerous LD measures (or combination of measures) that exist best predict writing proficiency (e.g., McCarthy & Jarvis, 2010). The present study addresses these issues using scored writing assessment samples from 911 ESL students. LD was assessed with a battery of ten measures through the Python lexical-diversity …

Exploring The Role Of Environmental Features On Student Experience In The University Classroom With The Community Of Inquiry Framework, Heather R. Kennedy, Gloria E. Stafford

Faculty Publications

An active learning classroom design recognizes the importance of students becoming engaged in their own learning. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study compared student-reported data (n = 219) and used the community of inquiry framework to evaluate the impact of environmental features on students’ experience. Students occupied traditional or active-learning classrooms, but the same course content was delivered by the same instructor. Findings indicate a preference for seating at tables versus fixed desks, appropriate personal space and sightlines to the teacher and projector screens, and gratification for forming social connections (i.e., social presence).

Tribute To Professor James Moliterno, Patricia Roberts, Soledad Atienza, Eleanor Myers, James S. Heller, Gary Tamsitt, Neal Devins, Peter Čuroš, Veronika Tomoszek, Maxim Tomoszek, Paul Žilinčík, Rongjie Lan, José M. De Areilza, Irina Lortkipanidze, Ján Mazúr, Javier Guillen, Lucia Berdisová, James Étienne Viator

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Critical Need For Human Capital Measurement Standards And Transparency In Healthcare, Heather Whiteman, Solange Charas, Hieu Bui, Lee S. Webster, James Gaskin

Faculty Publications

Despite long histories, the disciplines of healthcare performance analytics and human capital analytics followed parallel but separate tracks during the 19th and 20th centuries. Little has been done to integrate these two analytic disciplines to improve the delivery of medical care and the sustainability of healthcare organizations. Today, there is an increased demand for healthcare to meet the aging world population, spiraling healthcare costs, and a shortage of human resources to meet patient needs. It is imperative that healthcare professionals apply innovations to explore and optimize value from a combined discipline of healthcare human capital measurement and reporting.

Sample Size Matters In Calculating Pillai Scores, Joseph A. Stanley, Betsy Sneller

Faculty Publications

Since their introduction to sociolinguistics by Hay, Warren, and Drager [(2006). J. Phon. (Modell. Sociophon. Var.) 34(4), 458–484], Pillai scores have become a standard metric for quantifying vowel overlap. However, there is no established threshold value for determining whether two vowels are merged, leading to conflicting ad hoc measures. Furthermore, as a parametric measure, Pillai scores are sensitive to sample size. In this paper, we use generated data from a simulated pair of underlyingly merged vowels to demonstrate (1) larger sample sizes yield reliably more accurate Pillai scores, (2) unequal group sizes across the two vowel classes are irrelevant in …

Sociophonetics And Dialectology, Dominic Watt, Margaret E. L. Renwick, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

In this chapter we explore how the investigation of phonetic detail in speech seen through a sociolinguistic lens can inform and enhance our understanding of dialectal variation in languages. We begin by examining how sociophonetics can be considered an offshoot of dialectology, later to mature into a free- standing discipline during the late twentieth century. We next discuss the reconvergence of sociophonetics and dialectology as it became clearer that the two approaches to the study of language variation are, in combination, greater than the sum of their parts, even if their agendas may place different emphases on what should be …

An Analysis Of Protesting Activity And Trauma Through Mathematical And Statistical Models, Nancy Rodríguez, David White

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.