Digital Commons Network^™

Fairness-Aware Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation In D2d Communication Networks, Shengjie Guo, Xiangwei Zhou, Sa Xiao, Mingxuan Sun

Faculty Publications

In this paper, the energy efficiency in a cellular network with device-to-device communications is studied from user fairness perspective. A mixed-integer max-min optimization problem is formulated, in which both mode selection and resource allocation are considered. Since the optimal solution requires exhaustive search, which is NP-hard, two suboptimal methods are derived. First, a Lagrangian decomposition-based method is proposed to jointly solve subcarrier assignment and power allocation with integer constraint relaxation under different modes. To further reduce the computational complexity, a low-complexity decomposition (LCD) method is derived. A novel mode selection scheme, a subcarrier assignment scheme, a power allocation scheme, and …

Predicting Climate Types For The Continental United States Using Unsupervised Clustering Techniques, D. Sathiaraj, X. Huang, J. Chen

Faculty Publications

The problem of clustering climate data observation sites and grouping them by their climate types is considered. Machine learning–based clustering algorithms are used in analyzing climate data time series from more than 3,000 climate observation sites in the United States, with the objective of classifying climate type for regions across the United States. Understanding the climate type of a region has applications in public health, environment, actuarial science, insurance, agriculture, and engineering. In this study, daily climate data measurements for temperature and precipitation from the time period 1946–2015 have been used. The daily data observations were grouped into three derived …

Adiposity Mediates The Association Between The Dietary Inflammatory Index And Markers Of Type 2 Diabetes Risk In Middle-Aged Black South African Women, Asanda Mtintsilana, Lisa K. Micklesfield, Elin Chorell, Tommy Olsson, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert, Andre P. Kengne, Julia H. Goedecke

Faculty Publications

The dietary inflammatory index (DII^®), a validated tool used to measure the inflammatory potential of the diet, has been associated with metabolic disorders in various settings, but not in African populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the DII is associated with markers of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, and if this association is mediated by adiposity and/or low-grade inflammation, in black South Africa women. Energy-adjusted-DII (E-DII) scores were calculated in 190 women (median age, 53 years) from the Birth-to-Twenty plus cohort using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and inflammatory cytokines …

Mercury Cycling In The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre As Revealed By Mercury Stable Isotope Ratios, Laura C. Motta, Joel D. Blum, Marcus W. Johnson, Blaire P. Umhau, Brian N. Popp, Spencer J. Washburn, Jeffrey C. Drazen, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Cecelia C. S. Hannides, Hilary G. Close, Carl H. Lamborg

Faculty Publications

The oceans are an important global reservoir for mercury (Hg), and marine fish consumption is the dominant human exposure pathway for its toxic methylated form. A more thorough understanding of the global biogeochemical cycle of Hg requires additional information on the mechanisms that control Hg cycling in pelagic marine waters. In this study, Hg isotope ratios and total Hg concentrations are used to explore Hg biogeochemistry in oligotrophic marine environments north of Hawaii. We present the first measurements of the vertical water column distribution of Hg concentrations and the Hg isotopic composition in precipitation, marine particles, and zooplankton near Station …

Classical Axisymmetric Gravity In Real Ashtekar Variables, Rodolfo Gambini, Esteban Mato, Javier Olmedo, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

We formulate axisymmetric general relativity in terms of real Ashtekar-Barbero variables. We study the constraints and equations of motion and show how the Kerr, Schwarzschild and Minkowski solutions arise. We also discuss boundary conditions. This opens the possibility of a midisuperspace quantization using loop quantum gravity techniques for spacetimes with axial symmetry and time dependence.

Dietary Inflammatory Index And Odds Of Colorectal Cancer And Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps In A Case-Control Study From Iran, Pegah Rafiee, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Saeede Jaafari Nasab, Alireza Bahrami, Azita Hekmatdoost, Bahram Rashidkhani, Amir Sadeghi, Mohammad Houshyari, Ehsan Hejazi

Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic inflammation is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its precursor; colorectal adenomatous polyps (CAP). Some dietary factors are important triggers for systemic inflammation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII^®) and the risk of CRC and CAP in an Iranian case-control study. Methods: 134 newly diagnosed CRC patients, 130 newly diagnosed CAP patients, and 240 hospitalized controls were recruited using convenience sampling. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed using a reproducible and valid 148-item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models …

Managing Agroecosystems For Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency: Ecological Unknowns, Potential Outcomes, And A Path Forward, Cynthia M. Kallenbach, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Meagan E. Schipanksi, A. Stuart Grandy

Faculty Publications

Agricultural systems are increasingly managed for improving soil carbon (C) accumulation. However, there are limits to C returns in agricultural systems that constrain soil C accumulation capacity. Increasing the efficiency of how soil microbes process C is gaining interest as an important management strategy for increasing soil C and is a key feature of soil C dynamics in many new microbial-explicit models. A higher microbial C use efficiency (CUE) may increase C storage while reducing C system losses and is a fundamental trait affecting community assembly dynamics and nutrient cycling. However, the numerous ecological unknowns influencing CUE limit our ability …

A New Magnetic Topological Quantum Material Candidate By Design, Weiwei Xie, Xin Gui

Faculty Publications

Magnetism, when combined with an unconventional electronic band structure, can give rise to forefront electronic properties such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion electrodynamics, and Majorana fermions. Here we report the characterization of high-quality crystals of EuSn2P2, a new quantum material specifically designed to engender unconventional electronic states plus magnetism. EuSn2P2 has a layered, Bi2Te3-type structure. Ferromagnetic interactions dominate the Curie-Weiss susceptibility, but a transition to antiferromagnetic ordering occurs near 30 K. Neutron diffraction reveals that this is due to two-dimensional ferromagnetic spin alignment within individual Eu layers and antiferromagnetic alignment between layers-this magnetic state surrounds the Sn-P layers …

Substrate Quality And Concentration Control Decomposition And Microbial Strategies In A Model Soil System, Jorg Schnecker, Timothy Bowles, Erik A. Hobbie, Richard G. Smith, A. Stuart Grandy

Faculty Publications

Soil carbon models typically scale decomposition linearly with soil carbon (C) concentration, but this linear relationship has not been experimentally verified. Here we investigated the underlying biogeochemical mechanisms controlling the relationships between soil C concentration and decomposition rates. We incubated a soil/sand mixture with increasing amounts of finely ground plant residue in the laboratory at constant temperature and moisture for 63 days. The plant residues were rye (Secale cereale, C/N ratio of 23) and wheat straw (Triticum spp., C/N ratio of 109) at seven soil C concentrations ranging from 0.38 to 2.99%. We measured soil respiration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) …

Statistical Viability Analysis Of United States Air Force Estimating Cost Factor For Sustainable Construction, Philip A. Ramsey, Diedrich Prigge, Torrey J. Wagner, Alfred E. Thal Jr.

Faculty Publications

Varying legislation and executive orders coupled with needs for energy resiliency have led the United States Air Force (USAF) to pursue sustainable construction. However, the limited understanding of initial costs to implement these changes have contributed to poor project cost estimating, resulting in 62 percent of USAF projects experiencing more than 5 percent cost growth. After reviewing 1628 USAF Military Construction (MILCON) construction projects in 922 category codes (CATCODEs), a twotailed t-test for populations with unequal variance was accomplished on the final normalized contract cost for 340 projects in 16 CATCODEs executed between 2002 and 2017. This analysis provides a …

Melt Electrospinning Designs For Nanofiber Fabrication For Different Applications, Yasseen S. Ibrahim, Essraa A. Hussein, Moustafa M. Zagho, Ghada G. Abdo, Ahmed A. Elzatahry

Faculty Publications

Nanofibers have been attracting growing attention owing to their outstanding physicochemical and structural properties as well as diverse and intriguing applications. Electrospinning has been known as a simple, flexible, and multipurpose technique for the fabrication of submicro scale fibers. Throughout the last two decades, numerous investigations have focused on the employment of electrospinning techniques to improve the characteristics of fabricated fibers. This review highlights the state of the art of melt electrospinning and clarifies the major categories based on multitemperature control, gas assist, laser melt, coaxial, and needleless designs. In addition, we represent the effect of melt electrospinning process parameters …

Floodwater Impact On Galveston Bay Phytoplankton Taxonomy, Pigment Composition And Photo-Physiological State Following Hurricane Harvey From Field And Ocean Color (Sentinel-3a Olci) Observations, Eurico D'Sa

Faculty Publications

Phytoplankton taxonomy, pigment composition and photo-physiological state were studied in Galveston Bay (GB), Texas (USA), following the extreme flooding associated with Hurricane Harvey (25-29 August 2017) using field and satellite ocean color observations. The percentage of chlorophyll a (Chl a) in different phytoplankton groups was determined from a semi-analytical IOP (inherent optical property) inversion algorithm. The IOP inversion algorithm revealed the dominance of freshwater species (diatom, cyanobacteria and green algae) in the bay following the hurricane passage (29 September 2017) under low salinity conditions associated with the discharge of floodwaters into GB. Two months after the hurricane (29-30 October 2017), …

With A Little Help From My Friends (And Their Friends): Influence Neighborhoods For Social Recommendations, Avni Gulati, Magdalini Eirinaki

Faculty Publications

Social recommendations have been a very intriguing domain for researchers in the past decade. The main premise is that the social network of a user can be leveraged to enhance the rating-based recommendation process. This has been achieved in various ways, and under different assumptions about the network characteristics, structure, and availability of other information (such as trust, content, etc.) In this work, we create neighborhoods of influence leveraging only the social graph structure. These are in turn introduced in the recommendation process both as a pre-processing step and as a social regularization factor of the matrix factorization algorithm. Our …

An Introduction To Hpxmp – A Modern Openmp Implementation Leveraging Hpx, An Asynchronous Many-Task System, Tianyi Zhang, R. Tohid, Shahrzad Shirzad, Weile Wei, Patrick Diehl, Hartmut Kaiser

Faculty Publications

Asynchronous Many-task (AMT) runtime systems have gained increasing acceptance in the HPC community due to the performance improvements offered by fine-grained tasking runtime systems. At the same time, C++ standardization efforts are focused on creating higher-level interfaces able to replace OpenMP or OpenACC in modern C++ codes. These higher level functions have been adopted in standards conforming runtime systems such as HPX, giving users the ability to simply utilize fork-join parallelism in their own codes. Despite innovations in runtime systems and standardization efforts users face enormous challenges porting legacy applications. Not only must users port their own codes, but often …

Direct Measurement Of The Cosmic-Ray Proton Spectrum From 50 Gev To 10 Tev With The Calorimetric Electron Telescope On The International Space Station, O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, M. G. Bagliesi, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, S. Bonechi, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, V. Di Felice, K. Ebisawa, H. Fuke, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, N. Hasebe, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we present the analysis and results of a direct measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with the CALET instrument onboard the International Space Station, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties. The observation period used in this analysis is from October 13, 2015 to August 31, 2018 (1054 days). We have achieved the very wide energy range necessary to carry out measurements of the spectrum from 50 GeV to 10 TeV covering, for the first time in space, with a single instrument the whole energy interval previously investigated in most cases in separate subranges by magnetic spectrometers …

Morphological And Physiological Characteristics Of Endornavirus-Infected And Endornavirus-Free Near-Isogenic Lines Of Bell Pepper (Capsicum Annuum), C. Escalante, R. A. Valverde

Faculty Publications

Plant endornaviruses are persistent viruses that infect plants without causing symptoms. Although endornaviruses have been reported in many economically important plant species, little is known about the effect they have on their hosts. Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV) has been reported in cultivated peppers (Capsicum spp.). In commercial cultivars of bell pepper (C. annuum) grown in the United States, this virus is found at prevalence rates of 100%. Two bell pepper near-isogenic lines (NILs), one BPEV-infected and the other BPEV-free, were generated and used to investigate the type of symbiotic relationship between BPEV and bell pepper. Selected morphological and physiological characteristics …

Using Wind And Hydro Power To Sustain The Off-Grid Power Supply For A 50' Cruising Sailboat, Keisha Meyer, Torrey J. Wagner, Jada Williams

Faculty Publications

Cruising sailboats operate with a power requirement modest enough to operate mostly or completely on renewable energy technology sources. Cruisers without renewable energy systems use the vessel’s diesel engine to charge the boat’s batteries; if the systems are operated at anchor, this dramatically decreases the time before the engine needs major overhaul. System users estimate a diesel engine can run approximately 8,000 hours underway before needing major overhaul, whereas operating 500 hours at anchor produces similar wear and tear on engine pistons. Although renewable energy systems have a high initial capital cost, these systems can provide the vessel’s electrical system …

Molecularly Heterogeneous Structure Of A Nonionic Deep Eutectic Solvent Composed Of N-Methylacetamide And Lauric Acid, Yaowen Cui, Jeramie C. Rushing, Soenke Seifert, Nicholas M. Bedford, Daniel G. Kuroda

Faculty Publications

© 2019 American Chemical Society. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a new class of designer solvents with a wide range of possible applications. DESs are typically made from an ionic compound and a hydrogen bond donor, but lately DESs made of nonionic compounds with interesting properties have started to appear. This study focuses on describing the structure, dynamics, and interactions of a nonionic DES composed of N-methylacetamide (NMA) and lauric acid (LA). Linear IR and time-resolved IR experiments show that LA-NMA DES is the result of hydrogen bond interaction between the two molecular components, though the interaction energy is only …

Deep-Ocean Mixing Driving By Small-Scale Internal Tides, Clément Vic, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, J.A. Mattias Green, Amy F. Waterhouse, Angélique Melet, Casimir De Lavergne, Maarten C. Buijsman, Gordon R. Stephenson

Faculty Publications

Turbulent mixing in the ocean is key to regulate the transport of heat, freshwater and biogeochemical tracers, with strong implications for Earth's climate. In the deep ocean, tides supply much of the mechanical energy required to sustain mixing via the generation of internal waves, known as internal tides, whose fate-the relative importance of their local versus remote breaking into turbulence-remains uncertain. Here, we combine a semi-analytical model of internal tide generation with satellite and in situ measurements to show that from an energetic viewpoint, small-scale internal tides, hitherto overlooked, account for the bulk (>50%) of global internal tide generation, …

Comparison Of Methods Used To Estimate The Global Burden Of Disease Related To Undernutrition And Suboptimal Breastfeeding, Alexander C. Mclain, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Sonja Y. Hess, Ellen G. Piwoz

Faculty Publications

The Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) is an ambitious effort to estimate the disease burden attributable to various risk factors. The results from the GBD are used around the world to monitor the UN established Sustainable Development Goals, set health policies and research strategies, among others. The GBD along with other studies, such as those from the Maternal Child Epidemiology Estimation Group and the Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group, produce estimates of the nutrition-related global burden of disease that exhibit considerable differences. These differences are difficult to reconcile due to the estimation methods, which in recent years have substantially increased …

Experimental Evidence Supportive Of The Quantum Dna Model, F. Matthew Mihelic

Faculty Publications

The DNA molecule can be modeled as a quantum logic processor in which electron spin qubits are held coherently in each nucleotide in a logically and thermodynamically reversible enantiomeric symmetry, and can be coherently conducted along the pi-stacking interactions of aromatic nucleotide bases, while simultaneously being spin-filtered via the helicity of the DNA molecule. Entangled electron pairs can be separated by that spin-filtering, held coherently at biological temperatures in the topologically insulated nucleotide quantum gates, and incorporated into separate DNA strands during DNA replication. Two separate DNA strands that share quantum entangled electrons can be mitotically divided into individual cells, …

Perspective: Challenges In Use Of Adolescent Anthropometry For Understanding The Burden Of Malnutrition, Alison Tumilowicz, Ty Beal, Lynnette M. Neufeld, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

Improving nutritional status during adolescence is an opportunity to improve the lives of this generation and the next. Estimating the burden of malnutrition at a population level is fundamental to targeting interventions and measuring progress over time, and for adolescents, we usually depend on survey data and the 2007 WHO Growth Reference to do so. There is substantial risk of misguided conclusions regarding adolescent prevalence estimates, however, when underlying methodological limitations of the indicators and reference are not adequately considered. We use national prevalence estimates among girls and young women 10-22 y of age from the 2014 State of Food …

The Modeling Assessment Of World Vision’S Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene Program In Southern Africa Countries, Malawi, Mozambique, And Zambia: Analyses Using Lives Saved Tool, Chulwoo Park, Armen Martirosyan, Seble Frehywot, Erin Jones, Ashley Labat, Yvonne Tam, Emmanuel Opong

Faculty Publications

Background: Since 2010, the humanitarian aid organization World Vision has implemented a community-based water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) program in 76 area development programs (ADPs) for a total target population of 2,831,535 in three Southern Africa countries: Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia.

Methods: This study was conducted using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) to analyze the isolated impact of World Vision WASH interventions on child morbidity and mortality during the four-year implementation period from 2010 to 2014. The combined effects of WASH interventions – improved water source, home water connection, improved sanitation, handwashing with soap, hygienic disposal of children’s stools – …

An Objective Procedure For Delineating The Circumpolar Vortex, Nazla Bushra, Robert V. Rohli

Faculty Publications

The broad-scale, steering atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere, represented by the tropospheric circumpolar vortex (CPV), is an important driver of environmental processes. The area and circularity of the CPV are analyzed hereby delineating the leading edge of the CPV at the steepest 500-hPa geopotential height gradient globally. The daily CPV area and circularity were aggregated to monthly averages for contrast with measurements identified in previous research for the overlapping period of record (1979-2001). Accuracy of representation of the CPV is assessed through correlations to air-sea teleconnections known to be associated with broad-scale, extratropical steering circulation. Correlation to monthly teleconnection …

Spatial Variations In Chlorophyll A, C, N, And P In A Louisiana Estuary From 1994 To 2016, R. Eugene Turner, Erick M. Swenson, Charles S. Milan, James M. Lee

Faculty Publications

Intense sampling of an estuary can reveal relative spatial changes that are significant irrespective of whether or not the estuary is eutrophic, micro- or meso-tidal, disturbed, or restored. This waterscape' perspective is analogous to a landscape perspective. We collected monthly water samples in the Barataria Basin watershed from 1994 to 2016 at 37 stations along a 129km transect from 1km offshore to a freshwater stream. The average Chlorophyll a (Chl) concentration from 267 trips was supported from both nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in a freshwater lake and partially from nutrients in seaward sources. Estuarine salinity was correlated with the discharge of the …

Molecular Packing Control Enables Excellent Performance And Mechanical Property Of Blade-Cast All-Polymer Solar Cells, Baojun Lin, Lin Zhang, Heng Zhao, Xianbin Xu, Ke Zhou, Song Zhang, Lu Guo, Baobing Fan, Lei Zhang, Hongping Yan, Xiaodan Gu, Lei Ying, Fei Huang, Yong Cao, Wei Ma

Faculty Publications

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are the most promising power generators for flexible and portable devices due to excellent morphology stability and outstanding mechanical property. Previous work indicates high crystallinity is beneficial to device performance but detrimental to mechanical property, therefore identifying the optimized ratio between crystalline and amorphous domains becomes important. In this work, we demonstrated highly efficient and mechanically robust all-PSCs by blade-coating technology in ambient environment based on PTzBI:N2200 system. By controlling the aggregation in solution state and ultrafast film formation process, a weakly ordered molecular packing morphology as well as small phase separation is obtained, which leads …

Accelerating Many-Nucleon Basis Generation For High Performance Computing Enabled Ab Initio Nuclear Structure Studies, Daniel Langr, Tomáš Dytrych, Kristina D. Launey, Jerry P. Draayer

Faculty Publications

We present the problem of generating a many-nucleon basis in SU(3) -scheme for ab initio nuclear structure calculations in a symmetry-adapted no-core shell model framework. We first discuss and analyze the basis construction algorithm whose baseline implementation quickly becomes a significant bottleneck for large model spaces and heavier nuclei. The outcomes of this analysis are utilized to propose a new scalable version of the algorithm. Its performance is consequently studied empirically using the Blue Waters supercomputer. The measurements show significant acceleration achieved with over two orders of magnitude speedups realized for larger model spaces.

A High-Spin Ground-State Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer, Alex E. London, H. Chen, M.A. Sabuj, Joshua Tropp, M. Saghayezhian, Naresh Eedugurala, B.A. Zhang, Y. Liu, Xiaodan Gu, B.M. Wong, N. Rai, M.K. Bowman, Jason D. Azoulay

Faculty Publications

Interest in high-spin organic materials is driven by opportunities to enable far-reaching fundamental science and develop technologies that integrate light element spin, magnetic, and quantum functionalities. Although extensively studied, the intrinsic instability of these materials complicates synthesis and precludes an understanding of how fundamental properties associated with the nature of the chemical bond and electron pairing in organic materials systems manifest in practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a conjugated polymer semiconductor, based on alternating cyclopentadithiophene and thiadiazoloquinoxaline units, that is a ground-state triplet in its neutral form. Electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic susceptibility measurements are consistent with a high-to-low spin …

Review Of Quantitative Methods For Supply Chain Resilience Analysis, Seyedmohsen Hosseini, Dmitry Ivanov, Alexandre Dolgui

Faculty Publications

Supply chain resilience (SCR) manifests when the network is capable to withstand, adapt, and recover from disruptions to meet customer demand and ensure performance. This paper conceptualizes and comprehensively presents a systematic review of the recent literature on quantitative modeling the SCR while distinctively pertaining it to the original concept of resilience capacity. Decision-makers and researchers can benefit from our survey since it introduces a structured analysis and recommendations as to which quantitative methods can be used at different levels of capacity resilience. Finally, the gaps and limitations of existing SCR literature are identified and future research opportunities are suggested.

Finding The Symmetry Group Of An Lp With Equality Constraints And Its Application To Classifying Orthogonal Arrays, Andrew J. Geyer, Dursun A. Bulutoglu, Kenneth J. Ryan

Faculty Publications

Excerpt: For a given linear program (LP) a permutation of its variables that sends feasible points to feasible points and preserves the objective function value of each of its feasible points is a symmetry of the LP. The set of all symmetries of an LP, denoted by G^LP, is the symmetry group of the LP. Margot (2010) described a method for computing a subgroup of the symmetry group G^LP of an LP. This method computes G^LP when the LP has only non-redundant inequalities and its feasible set satisfies no equality constraints.