Digital Commons Network^™

Immigration Policy In The Second Trump Administration: Restriction, Removal, And The Limits Of Maga Nativism, Caroline R. Nagel

Faculty Publications

Donald Trump's three presidential campaigns have centred on promises to stop unauthorised immigration, whether by ‘building the wall’ or by enacting the largest mass deportation in American history. To deliver on these promises, Trump has appointed Stephen Miller—an anti-immigration hardliner who was responsible for the first Trump administration's draconian border policies – to a key White House position. Trump is often described as breaking from liberal-democratic norms; but when it comes to immigration policy, he is following a well-worn path by hiring Miller. This brief commentary places the Trump/Miller brand of anti-immigration politics in historical context, showing how anxieties over …

Immigration Policy In The Second Trump Administration: Restriction, Removal, And The Limits Of Maga Nativism, Caroline R. Nagel

Faculty Publications

Donald Trump's three presidential campaigns have centred on promises to stop unauthorised immigration, whether by ‘building the wall’ or by enacting the largest mass deportation in American history. To deliver on these promises, Trump has appointed Stephen Miller—an anti-immigration hardliner who was responsible for the first Trump administration's draconian border policies – to a key White House position. Trump is often described as breaking from liberal-democratic norms; but when it comes to immigration policy, he is following a well-worn path by hiring Miller. This brief commentary places the Trump/Miller brand of anti-immigration politics in historical context, showing how anxieties over …

The Imposition Of Constitutional Rights, Alvin Padilla-Babilonia

Faculty Publications

One of the central principles of constitutionalism is that citizenship stands for equal rights under the law. According to this ideal, a U.S. citizen living in Puerto Rico or Guam should have the same constitutional rights as a citizen living on the mainland. However, throughout U.S. history, constitutional rights have been neither uniform nor centralized. While constitutional rights held im- portance, they coexisted with ideals of democratic self-governance and legal pluralism. Today, Supreme Court justices and legal scholars argue that all constitutional rights should apply in the territories. This view upholds citizenship, equal rights, and the rule of law. But …

A Remarkable Look At Sentencing For A Remarkable Set Of Drug Defendants, Douglas A. Berman, Steven L. Chanenson

Faculty Publications

A new dataset capturing sentencing outcomes for “boat defendants,” a notable group of federal drug offenders who share many characteristics, provides a fresh perspective on many different aspects of federal case-processing and drug-sentencing outcomes. This overview provides a brief look at ground- breaking research based on this dataset, which serves as an anchor article for this issue of the Federal Sentencing Reporter, followed by a history of the creation of this dataset and then commentaries highlighting insights and lessons drawn from this original research.

Whole-Genome Assembly And Annotation Of The Firecracker Penstemon (Penstemon Eatonii), David E. Jarvis, Mikel R. Stevens, Payton Carter, Ying Fei Lin, Kate E. Jaggi, Gabriela Jijon, Teal Kalt, Jouber Calixto, Samantha Standring, Kaitlin Torres, Kayla B. Stephensen, Hayley Mangelson, Noah H. Williams, Carolyn A. Wessinger, Peter J. Maughan, Paul B. Frandsen

Faculty Publications

The penstemons are ornamental annual flowering plants native to the Intermountain West and Rocky Mountains and commonly used for urban landscaping. Elite commercial penstemons are generally susceptible to abiotic stresses, including drought, root rot, cold, and high salinity. Firecracker penstemon (Penstemon eatonii), however, is much more tolerant to these stresses than most elite cultivars. Importantly, firecracker penstemon has been reported to hybridize with many other penstemons and therefore provides the opportunity to develop more tolerant elite cultivars through strategic crossing. To facilitate the study and utilization of firecracker penstemon, we sequenced and annotated the genome of a P. …

Clarifying Parens Patriae, James G. Dwyer

Faculty Publications

Throughout the Anglo-American legal world, the state claims an authority, termed parens patriae, to exert control over the lives of nonautonomous persons in ways it does not presume to control autonomous persons. Philosophers have given little attention to when and how that authority should be exercised, yet there is disagreement or confusion about this among courts and legal scholars. This article examines how parens patriae differs from other government roles, identifies which conceptions of the parens patriae role are coherent, and then presents a normative case for adopting a conception of the role as that of fiduciary for nonautonomous …

Testing For Normality In Regression Models: Mistakes Abound (But May Not Matter), Stephen Midway, J. Wilson White

Faculty Publications

This study examines the misuse of normality tests in linear regression within ecology and biology, focusing on common misconceptions. A bibliometric review found that over 70% of ecology papers and 90% of biology papers incorrectly applied normality tests to raw data instead of model residuals. To assess the impact of this error, we simulated datasets with normal, interval, and skewed distributions across various sample and effect sizes. We compared statistical power between two approaches: testing the whole dataset for normality (incorrect) versus testing model residuals (correct) to determine whether to use a parametric (t-test) or nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U test) method. …

‘I Feel Like The Most Important Thing Is To Ensure That Women Feel Included…’: Immigrant Women’S Experiences Of Integration And Gender Equality In Iceland During Times Of Crisis, Marya Rozanova-Smith, Embla Eir Oddsdóttir, Andrey N. Petrov

Faculty Publications

Enabling gender equality by empowering women to fully engage in modern society is fundamental for building resilient and sustainable communities. While Iceland is recognized as a global leader in gender equality, the experiences of various immigrant groups can differ considerably, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery. Given the rapid increase in the immigrant population in Iceland, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the processes surrounding immigrant women’s integration strategies, with an emphasis on gender equality through the lens of intersectionality. The main objective of this qualitative study is to explore the gendered impacts …

Academic And Cerebrovascular Outcomes After Neurodevelopmental Screening In Sickle Cell Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study, Sarah E. Bills, Jeffrey Schatz, Elizabeth Gillooly, Julia D. Johnston, A. Lauren Waters, Alyssa M. Schlenz

Faculty Publications

Aim

To assess the predictive validity of neurodevelopmental screening in toddlers and preschool children with sickle cell disease (SCD) using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). We expected screening in preschool children to predict academic problems in elementary school and future stroke risk.

Method

Using a longitudinal cohort design, academic problems (e.g. grade retention, failing a subject) and increases in stroke risk (e.g. abnormal transcranial Doppler exam) were assessed for a 6-year period after neurodevelopmental screening in 2-year-olds (‘toddlers’) and 4-year-olds (‘preschool children’) using medical record review, which included annual information from parents about school functioning. Biopsychosocial variables were examined …

Deportations And Latino Segregation: The Residential Impacts Of Interior Immigration Enforcement, Matthew Hall, Jacob S. Rugh, Hao Liang

Faculty Publications

The shift of immigration enforcement to local jurisdictions has intensified localized patterns of anti-immigrant sentiment, enabling the system of mass deportation to expand at an unprecedented scale. This study examines the effects of 287 (g) agreements, which empower local law enforcement to enforce immigration laws, on Latino residential segregation. Using a quasi-experimental design that compares counties implementing 287 (g) with those that applied but did not implement, we find that these policies significantly slowed declines in Hispanic-white segregation, particularly in early-adopting Southern counties where enforcement was most aggressive. We find no evidence that the program altered patterns of segregation for …

Trump And The Us Energy Transition, Conor M. Harrison

Faculty Publications

The US electricity grid has seen a rapid increase in the amount of renewable energy over the last decade, with many renewable advocates viewing the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 as the catalyst to move the grid towards 100% clean energy. The 2024 elections, however, have significantly muddied the path. In this commentary, I posit what the Trump administration—and related Republican control of both houses of the US Congress—means for the US electricity system. I begin by briefly outlining the contours of federal and state electricity governance, the design of Inflation Reduction Act, the existing drivers of renewable energy growth …

Barriers To Using Bicycle Workstations In A Campus Library, Catherine Wong, Cynthia Ferrara, Robyn Lebowitz, Hayleigh Duggan

Faculty Publications

Background

The purpose of this study is to assess campus awareness and attitudes toward bicycle workstations in the library at a small, private college in the New England region of the United States.

Methods

Two recumbent and two Expresso bicycle workstations were placed in public areas of the college library. A short online survey with multiple choice and open-ended questions was designed specifically for the study. Members of the campus community were invited to complete the survey, as approved by the Institutional Review Board. Themes were identified for open-ended questions. Answers were sorted using designated themes.

Results

Ninety-five people completed …

Enhancing Self-Efficacy For Engagement With Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Initiatives: Evaluation Of A Seven-Day Immersive Pilot Program In A College Of Education, Health, And Human Sciences, Jennifer M. Jabson Tree, Stefanie Benjamin, Dorian L. Mccoy Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Colleges of health, human sciences, and education are often administratively organized to include a diverse array of human sciences departments that share roots in social justice and a commitment to advancing equity and inclusion. Despite espoused commitments to equity and inclusion, they frequently struggle to achieve the changes necessary for advancing equity, and inclusion principles across policies, practices, procedures, and units. We implemented and evaluated a 7-day, total immersion, 56-h, educational program entitled the “Social Justice Institute” (SJI) for two cohorts of faculty, staff, and administrators to develop self-efficacy to intervene in systemic oppression in their academic units. SJI delivered …

“I Think Even In Challenging Times We Can Still Be Uplifting”: Indigenous Women’S Experiences Of Resilience To The Covid-19 Pandemic In Alaska, Marya Rozanova-Smith, Charlene Apok, Andrey N. Petrov

Faculty Publications

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Alaska communities faced an extremely challenging situation given their socioeconomic, cultural, and demographic characteristics, as well as issues related to remoteness and colonial legacy. This paper seeks to advance the understanding of the gendered impacts and implications of crises like the COVID-19 pandemic on Indigenous women in Alaskan urban and rural communities through a resilience lens. The paper addresses two primary research questions: (1) What are the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indigenous women in urban and rural Alaska, and specifically what are the gendered implications in the personal, sociocultural, and economic domains? (2) What …

Urban Heat Mapping Strategies For Predicting Near-Surface Air Temperature In Unsampled Cities In Iowa, Mark D. Ecker, John P. Degroote, Clemir A. Coproski, Bingqing Liang, John Darko, James T. Dietrich

Faculty Publications

Elevated urban temperatures are a significant concern across the globe due to their negative health effects and increased energy use. Understanding the spatial variation in urban air temperatures can lead to informed mitigation and planning efforts. Air temperatures for multiple urban areas in the state of Iowa, USA, at three times of the day, were collected using customized sensors mounted on vehicles driven through a variety of landscapes in each urban area. Geographic information systems technology was used to process high-resolution landscape datasets and derive variables that summarize the urban landscape surrounding each temperature measurement point. Five different statistical models: …

Global Ionospheric F Region Parameters From Gnss-Pod Limb Measurements: Evaluations And Comparisons With Two Empirical Models - Iri-2020 And Nequick-2, Nimalan Swarnalingam, Dong L. Wu, Dieter Bilitza, Daniel J. Emmons, Cornelius Csar Jude H. Salinas, Artem Smirnov, Yenca Migoya-Oru

Faculty Publications

An optimal estimation (OE) technique has recently been developed for F region electron density (Ne) using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) limb sounding on low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites (COSMIC-2, Spire, and FengYun-3). This method provides unprecedented spatiotemporal sampling for global monthly Ne climatology within 100–500 km in 2 hr intervals. The global dataset, collected during mid to moderately high solar activity, is compared with leading models: IRI-2020 and NeQuick-2. Diurnal variations in summer, winter, and equinoctial months are examined for the F2-layer peak, as well as the topside and bottomside of the F region. The observed and modeled NmF2 …

Small-Scale Production Of Bespoke Accelerated Aging Plutonium Alloy, K. S. Holliday, A. M. Parkes, Devin Rappleye, D. J. Roberts, K. J. Kondrat, S. A. Simpson, A. J. Swift, U. Mehta, R. M. Kissinger, D. L. Rosas, L. S. Ripplinger, E. R. Tardiff, S. L. Harris, S. Perkins, C. Hawkins, N. J. Gibbs, R. J. P. Driscoll, A. T. Sidambe, R. A. Cole, T. T. Roehling, J R. Jeffries

Faculty Publications

This study demonstrates the 100 g scale manufacture of a plutonium alloy that ages at an accelerated rate. The resulting alloy ages six times faster than typical weapons-grade plutonium due to the addition of ²³⁸Pu. As a major innovation, the process involved using a partial direct oxide reduction technique. This method was achieved by developing a new, complex geometry stirrer using additive manufacturing to reduce the ²³⁸Pu oxide and efficiently incorporate it into weapons-grade plutonium metal. The material was then purified by molten salt extraction and electrorefining before being alloyed with gallium. The alloy was then cold-rolled and …

Scalable Cyber-Physical Testbed For Cybersecurity Evaluation Of Synchrophasors In Power Systems, Shuvangkar Chandra Das, Tuyen Vu, Hebert L. Ginn Iii

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a synchrophasor-based real-time cyber-physical power system testbed with a novel security evaluation tool, pySynphasor, that can emulate different real attack scenarios on the phasor measurement unit (PMU). The testbed focuses on real-time cyber-security emulation using different components, including a real-time digital simulator, virtual machines (VM), a communication network emulator, and a packet manipulation tool. The script-based VM deployment and software-defined network emulation facilitate a highly scalable cyber-physical testbed, which enables emulations of a real power system under different attack scenarios such as address resolution protocol (ARP) poisoning attack, man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, false data injection attack (FDIA), and …

Methods For Rotating Electrodes In High-Temperature Molten Salts, Ranon Fuller, Eloise Cluff, Edward Mercado, Carlos Mejia, Devin Rappleye

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we describe and validate a custom apparatus for performing high-speed (250-3,500 rpm) rotating electrode and dilatometer density experiments in molten salts. The reported details can aid in decreasing the difficulty and increasing the quality of such experiments. We discuss the design challenges and the solutions identified. We investigate methods for accurately measuring the solution resistance using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), calculating the working electrode area using cyclic voltammetry (CV), and measuring the mass transfer-limited current of rotating electrodes using a series of chronoamperometry (CA) pulses. We further demonstrate the efficacy of our methods in producing accurate results.

Promoting Social Inclusion Through Sport: A Case Study Of Uyghur Youth In China, Hongxin Li, Yunchao Bai, John Nauright

Faculty Publications

This study examines the role of sports as a means of promoting social inclusion among Uyghur youth in China, drawing upon social inclusion theory. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, we explored the perspectives of Uyghur youth athletes to gain insight into the challenges they face in achieving social inclusion without feeling “othered” or excluded. Data analysis followed an inductive grounded theory approach, identifying first‐order concepts, second‐order themes, and aggregate theoretical dimensions. Our findings reveal that social inclusion of Uyghur youth through sports participation is influenced by multiple factors, including language barriers, stereotypes, cultural differences, high expectations, and government policies. …

Unveiling The Interfacial Reconstruction Mechanism Enabling Stable Growth Of The Delafossite Pdcoo2 On Al2o3 And Laalo3, Anna Scheid, Tobias Heil, Y. Eren Suyolcu, Qi Song, Niklas Enderlein, Arnaud P. Nono Tchiomo, Prosper Ngabonziza, Philipp Hansmann, Darrell G. Schlom, Peter A. Van Aken

Faculty Publications

Delafossites, composed of noble metal (A⁺) and strongly correlated sublayers (BO2^-), form natural superlattices with highly anisotropic properties. These properties hold significant promise for various applications, but their exploitation hinges on the successful growth of high-quality thin films on suitable substrates. Unfortunately, the unique lattice geometry of delafossites presents a significant challenge to thin-film fabrication. Different delafossites grow differently, even when deposited on the same substrate, ranging from successful epitaxy to complete growth suppression. These variations often lack a clear correlation to obvious causes like lattice mismatch. Unidentified stabilization mechanisms appear to enable growth in certain …

Effects Of Nitro-Substitution On The Spectroscopic And Self-Assembly Properties Of Bodipy Dyes, Caroline Gwaro, Caroline Ndung’U, Petia Bobadova-Parvanova, Dylan Goliber, Quynh Do, Ashley R. Walker, Evan Murders, Daniel Lamaster, Frank R. Fronczek, Jayne Garno, Maria Da Graça H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

A series of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes were nitrated in high yields using nitronium tetrafluoroborate at positions 2, 3, and 2,6 of the BODIPY core. This method allows for the regioselective nitration of the pyrrolic positions under milder conditions than previously reported methods. The photophysical properties and electronic transitions of these BODIPYs were investigated by using UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The introduction of one nitro group dramatically increases the dipole moment of the molecule, induces marked blue shifts in the absorption and emission bands, decreases the molar absorptivity, and increases the Stokes shifts of the …

Effect Of Precursors On Trimetallic Ruthenium-Based Catalysts Supported On Γ‑Al2O3 Pellets For Low-Temperature Ammonia Decomposition, Christopher J. Koch, Jennifer Naglic, Logan Kearney, Daniel Clairmonte, Binod Rai, Jochen A. Lauterbach, Lucas M. Angelette, Tyler Guin

Faculty Publications

Ammonia is a promising candidate as a liquid hydrogen energy storage medium, but it requires catalytic decomposition (ammonia cracking) to regenerate hydrogen. Recently developed trimetallic ruthenium−potassium-promoter (RuKM) ammonia decomposition catalysts have exceptionally low ammonia decomposition temperatures, able to perform the decomposition as low as 250 °C, which is significantly lower than other known catalysts that require temperatures above 500 °C. However, the effects of the RuKM precursor on the catalytic activity have not been investigated. We report the observed differences of 3% ruthenium/12% potassium/1% yttrium (RuKY) catalysts on γ-alumina synthesized from chloride-, nitrate-, and acetate-based precursors. Catalysts synthesized from chloride-based …

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Aducanumab Versus Placebo For Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment And Mild Alzheimer’S Disease, Xiaomo Xiong, Gang Lv, Jacob Jordan King, Minghui Li, Jing Yuan, Z Kevin Lu

Faculty Publications

Objectives To assess the cost-effectiveness of aducanumab at its updated price for treating patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Design Cost-effectiveness analysis.

Settings A five-state Markov model was constructed using 10 000 virtual patients to assess the cost-effectiveness of aducanumab from the perspective of the US healthcare system. The model employed a one-year cycle time and a lifetime time horizon. Transition probabilities and mortality rates were derived from a literature review. To address uncertainty and generalise the base case results, both one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Participants 10 000 virtual patients with MCI …

Anchoring ‘Neo-Hahnian Outdoor Education’ In The Cold War Era: A History Of Character Building In The Outward Bound Movement, Jayson Seaman

Faculty Publications

The invitation to comment on a foundational early article from the JAEOL provided a welcome opportunity to engage with Andrew Brookes’s trilogy of ‘neo-Hahnian outdoor education’ critiques (Brookes, 2003a, 2003b, 2023). In this article, I approach outdoor education’s character building ideology by using archival and secondary sources to situate its evolution in four periods corresponding with major geopolitical and cultural movements: (1) 1941–1945 when Outward Bound (OB) was established; (2) 1946–1952 when Hahn exported OB from his perch at Gordonstoun; (3) 1953–1967 when OB expanded to the U.S. and replicated globally, and (4) 1968–1976 when human potentialism replaced muscular Christianity …

Displaced Decarbonization: Climate Necropolitics And The Contested Spatialities Of Green Hydrogen In Namibia, Meredith J. Deboom

Faculty Publications

Green hydrogen is often presented as a transformative solution to the dual challenges of decarbonization and economic development. This article applies the framework of climate necropolitics to interrogate the contested spatialities underlying such “win-win” narratives. It does so through an extended case study of Hyphen Hydrogen Energy, a $10 billion green hydrogen project planned for Lüderitz, Namibia. A remote town of 20,000 in a country with a $12 billion annual GDP, Lüderitz initially appears to be an unlikely host site for the “industrial fuel of the future.” To explain this outcome, I first illustrate how discordant socio-spatial projects—including European energy …

Two-Layer Formulation For Long-Runout Turbidity Currents: Theory And Bypass Flow Case, Hongbo Ma, Gary Parker, Matthieu Cartigny, Enrica Viparelli, S. Balachandar, Xudong Fu, Rossella Luchi

Faculty Publications

Turbidity currents, which are stratified, sediment-laden bottom flows in the ocean or lakes, can run out for hundreds or thousands of kilometres in submarine channels without losing their stratified structure. Here, we derive a layer-averaged, two-layer model for turbidity currents, specifically designed to capture long-runout. A number of previous models have captured runout of only tens of kilometres, beyond which thickening of the flows becomes excessive, and the models without a lateral overspill mechanism fail. In our framework, a lower layer containing nearly all the sediment is a faster, gravity-driven flow that propels an upper layer, where sediment concentration is …

A Psychometric Investigation Of The Biophilic Values Profile Indicator: A New Measure Of Environmental Values, W. Brad Faircloth, Jayson Seaman, Andrew J. Bobilya, Lauren A. Ferguson, Riley Whitney

Faculty Publications

Researchers studying outdoor experiences for educational or recreational purposes will benefit from better capturing the environmental values of the individuals and communities they serve, as both antecedent predictors and outcome measures. The Kellert-Shorb Biophilic Values Indicator (KSBVI) is an instrument that has shown promise as a tool for assessing environmental values. However, the length of the KSBVI makes it impractical to use, especially in field settings where brief measures are desirable. Therefore, this study’s purpose was to explore environmental values in a college student population relative to Kellert’s (2002) typology and to reduce the KSBVI to a more …

X-Ray Polarization Of The High-Synchrotron-Peak Bl Lacertae Object 1es 1959+650 During Intermediate And High X-Ray Flux States, Luigi Pacciani, Dawoon E. Kim, Riccardo Middei, Herman L. Marshall, Alan P. Marscher, Ioannis Liodakis, Iván Agudo, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Juri Poutanen, Manel Errando, Laura Di Gesu, Michela Negro, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Kinwah Wu, Chien Ting Chen, Fabio Muleri, Lucio Angelo Antonelli, Immacolata Donnarumma, Steven R. Ehlert, Francesco Massaro, Stephen L. O’Dell, Matteo Perri, Simonetta Puccetti, Francisco José Aceituno, Giacomo Bonnoli, Víctor Casanova, Juan Escudero, Beatriz Agís-González, César Husillos, Daniel Morcuende, Jorge Otero-Santos, Alfredo Sota, Pouya M. Kouch

Faculty Publications

We report the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) polarimetric and simultaneous multiwavelength observations of the high-energy-peaked BL Lacertae object (HBL) 1ES 1959+650, performed in 2022 October and 2023 August. In 2022 October, IXPE measured an average polarization degree ΠX = 9.4% ± 1.6% and an electric-vector position angle ψX = 53° ± 5°. The polarized X-ray emission can be decomposed into a constant component, plus a rotating component, with the rotation velocity ωEVPA = (−117 ± 12) deg day⁻¹. In 2023 August, during a period of pronounced activity of the source, IXPE measured an average ΠX = 12.4% …

A Brave New World Of Human Resources Research: Navigating Perils And Identifying Grand Challenges Of The Genai Revolution, Anthony Nyberg, Deidra J. Schleicher, Bradford S. Bell, Corine Boon, Peter Cappelli, David G. Collings, Joseph E. Dalle Molle, Stefan Feuerriegel, Berry Gerhart, Yoojin Jeong, M. Audrey Korsgaard, Dana Minbaeva, Robert E. Ployhart, Prasanna Tambe, Ingo Weller, Patrick M. Wright, Valery Yakubovich

Faculty Publications

This paper reviews the transformative role of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in Human Resource (HR) management, from a practice perspective, highlighting both opportunities and challenges and laying out a use-inspired future research agenda. This scoping review is grounded in insights from a unique Summit held in Spring 2024, which brought together HR academic scholars with dozens of Fortune 500 Chief Human Resource Officers (CHROs) and their top technical leaders to discuss the workforce implications of GenAI. The paper identifies six key themes from the Summit practitioners: GenAI as disruptive and transformative, data as competitive advantage, adoption challenges, potential ethical abuses, …