Digital Commons Network^™

Rotavirus Nsp4: Cell Type-Dependent Transport Kinetics To The Exofacial Plasma Membrane And Release From Intact Infected Cells, Thomas F. Gibbons, Stephen M. Storey, Cecelia V. Williams, Avery Mcintosh, Deanne M. Mitchel, Rebecca D. Parr, Friedhelm Schroeder, Judith M. Ball

Faculty Publications

Background

Rotavirus NSP4 localizes to multiple intracellular sites and is multifunctional, contributing to RV morphogenesis, replication and pathogenesis. One function of NSP4 is the induction of early secretory diarrhea by binding surface receptors to initiate signaling events. The aims of this study were to determine the transport kinetics of NSP4 to the exofacial plasma membrane (PM), the subsequent release from intact infected cells, and rebinding to naïve and/or neighboring cells in two cell types.

Methods

Transport kinetics was evaluated using surface-specific biotinylation/streptavidin pull-downs and exofacial exposure of NSP4 was confirmed by antibody binding to intact cells, and fluorescent resonant energy …

Photosensitizer Drug Delivery Via An Optical Fiber, Matibur Zamadar, Goutam Ghosh, Adaic Kapillai Mahendran, Mihaela Minnis, Bonnie I. Kruft, Ashwini Ghogare, David Aebisher, Alexander Greer

Faculty Publications

: An optical fiber has been developed with a maneuverable miniprobe tip that sparges O2 gas and photodetaches pheophorbide (sensitizer) molecules. Singlet oxygen is produced at the probe tip surface which reacts with an alkene spacer group releasing sensitizer upon fragmentation of a dioxetane intermediate. Optimal sensitizer photorelease occurred when the probe tip was loaded with 60 nmol sensitizer, where crowding of the pheophorbide molecules and self-quenching were kept to a minimum. The fiber optic tip delivered pheophorbide molecules and singlet oxygen to discrete locations. The 60 nmol sensitizer was delivered into petrolatum; however, sensitizer release was less efficient in …

The Turn To Legal Interpretation In Latin America, Jorge L. Esquirol

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Alternative Justifications For Law School Academic Support Programs: Self-Determination Theory, Autonomy Support, And Humanizing The Law School, Louis N. Schulze Jr.

Faculty Publications

This Article examines a problem that exists in law school academic support programs. While many schools now include extensive academic support opportunities within their curricula, some schools make the choice that more modest investments in these programs are warranted. Obviously, funding such programs is expensive, and law school administrations understandably are reticent to finance such endeavors absent guarantees of results. As such, scholars have attempted to prove, empirically, that law school academic support programs (ASPs) lead to demonstrable results in terms of improvements in student performance in law school and on the bar exam. Setting aside that important project, I …

Chemical Composition And Product Quality Control Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.), Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, Peiying Yang, Bharat Aggarwal

Faculty Publications

Chemical constituents of various tissues of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) have been extensively investigated. To date, at least 235 compounds, primarily phenolic compounds and terpenoids have been identified from the species, including 22 diarylheptanoids and diarylpentanoids, eight phenylpropene and other phenolic compounds, 68 monoterpenes, 109 sesquiterpenes, five diterpenes, three triterpenoids, four sterols, two alkaloids, and 14 other compounds. Curcuminoids (diarylheptanoids) and essential oils are major bioactive ingredients showing various bioactivities in in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Curcuminoids in turmeric are primarily accumulated in rhizomes. The essential oils from leaves and flowers are usually dominated by monoterpenes while those from …

Review Of Beer And Revolution, By Tom Goyens, Carol A. Leibiger

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Review Of Liquid Bread, Edited By Wulf Schiefenhövel And Helen Macbeth, Carol A. Leibiger

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Organizational Management Of Conflicting Professional Identities, Cassandra Burke Robertson

Faculty Publications

Professionals in the military have suffered criticism for their failure to counter military excess in the so-called "War on Terror" - especially in the area of torture and maltreatment of detainees. Much of the criticism leveled against such professionals has assumed that they were bad actors who were making a conscious choice to avoid the strictures of their code of ethics. This Article counters that narrative by applying identity theory to offer a more situations explanation. It argues that some of these professional failures arise from the cognitive incentives faced by individuals in an organization that rewards organizational deference over …

Cooperation, Commandeering, Or Crowding Out? : Federal Intervention And State Choices In Health Care Policy, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) substantially alters the respective roles of the federal and state governments in health care policy. Beyond the individual mandate, the ACA presents many questions of federalism, both constitutional and policy-related. This paper, prepared for a symposium sponsored by the Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, addresses some of these federalism issues. After outlining some of the policy considerations for determining the proper federal and state balance in health care policy, it identifies constitutional limitations on the federal government’s ability to direct or even influence state policy choices, before discussing how federal …

A Sui Generis Regime For Traditional Knowledge: The Cultural Divide In Intellectual Property Law, J. Janewa Oseitutu

Faculty Publications

To some extent, traditional knowledge can be protected under various intellectual property laws, but there is no effective international legal protection for this subject matter. This has led to proposals for a sui generis regime to protect traditional knowledge. The precise contours of the right are yet to be determined but a sui generis right could include perpetual protection. It could also result in protection for historical communal works and for knowledge that may be useful but that is not inventive according to the standards of intellectual property law.

Developing countries have been more supportive of an international traditional knowledge …

Informal Labour In India And Indonesia: Surmounting Organizing Barriers, Tonia Warnecke, John Folkerth

Faculty Publications

A key aspect of facilitating a transformation to a more just and equitable society should be the facilitation of decent work, through the adoption of labour standards. Yet the majority of workers in the global South are engaged in vulnerable, informal work that offers very little (if any) welfare protection While there are many possible ways to improve the conditions of work in the informal sector, this paper focuses on organizing workers as an agent for change. Organizing the informal sector is particularly important given the general lack of labour law enforcement in the developing world; unions and non-governmental organizations …

A Closer Look At Co-Rumination: Gender, Coping, Peer Functioning And Internalizing/Externalizing Problems, Tanya L. Tompkins, Ashlee R. Hockett, Nadia Abraibesh, Jody L. Witt

Faculty Publications

Co-rumination, defined as repetitive, problem-focused talk, explains higher levels of friendship quality in youth (Rose, 2002) and increased levels of anxiety/depression in females. Middle adolescents (N=146) participated in a study of co-rumination, individual coping, externalizing/internalizing problems, and peer functioning. Consistent with past research, girls reported higher levels of co-rumination and internalizing symptoms. Co-rumination was also positively correlated with self-reports, but not teacher reports, of anxiety/depression and aggressive behavior. Both self-reported number of friends and teacher-rated social acceptance were negatively associated with co-rumination. Co-rumination partially accounted for the significant indirect effect of gender on internalizing symptoms. Additionally, co-rumination was …

Supercomputers And Supercomputing, Jeffrey S. Cook

Faculty Publications

What is a Supercomputer? A Supercomputer is defined as the fastest type of computer used for specialized applications that require a massive number of mathematical calculations. The term “supercomputer” was coined in 1929 by the New York World, referring to tabulators manufactured by IBM. To modern computer users, these tabulators would probably appear awkward, slow, and cumbersome to use, but at the time, they represented the cutting edge of technology. This continues to be true of supercomputers today, which harness immense processing power so that they are incredibly fast, sophisticated, and powerful.

The Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide, Scott R. Braithwaite, Kimberly Van Orden, Tracy K. Witte, Kelly C. Cukrowicz, Edward A. Selby, Thomas E. Joiner Jr.

Faculty Publications

Suicidal behavior is a major problem worldwide and at the same time has received relatively little empirical attention. This relative lack of empirical attention may be due in part to a relative absence of theory development regarding suicidal behavior. The current paper presents the Interpersonal Theory of Suicidal Behavior. We propose that the most dangerous form of suicidal desire is caused by the simultaneous presence of two interpersonal constructs—thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (and hopelessness about these states)—and further, that the capability to engage in suicidal behavior is separate from the desire to engage in suicidal behavior. According to the …

Traditional Treatment And Altered Auditory Feedback Lead To Intelligibility Benefits In A Subset Of Speakers With Parkinson Disease, Christopher Dromey

Faculty Publications

Because relatively little evidence has been published that compares the long-term effects of different dysarthria treatments, the authors undertook a study to document changes in speech rate and intelligibility in response to two types of intervention. Rate control is taught in many speech-language pathology training programs as a means to improve speech intelligibility, and thus it was a logical choice for the present study. Likewise, AAF has been shown to impact both normal and disordered speech, in most cases resulting in reduced rate. In theory, either approach should have a positive effect on speech, since individuals with neuromotor control deficits …

Simplifying Discovery And Production: Using Easy Frameworks To Evaluate The 2009 Term Of Cases, Eric R. Carpenter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ethnic Identity And Personal Well-Being Of People Of Color: A Meta-Analysis, Timothy B. Smith, Lynda Silva

Faculty Publications

This meta-analysis summarized research examining the relationship between the constructs of ethnic identity and personal well-being among people of color in North America. Data from 184 studies analyzed using random effects models yielded an omnibus effect size of r = .17, suggesting a modest relationship between the two constructs. The relationship was somewhat stronger among adolescents and young adults than among adults over age 40. No differences were observed across participant race, gender, or socioeconomic status, which findings support the general relevance of ethnic identity across people of color. Studies correlating ethnic identity with self-esteem and positive well-being yielded average …

Funding Stem Cell Research: The Convergence Of Science, Religion & Politics In The Formation Of Public Health Policy, Edward A. Fallone

Faculty Publications

The controversy over the funding of stem cell research by the federal government is used as a case study for examining how policy choices are made in the field of public bioethics. This article examines the manner in which the decision to fund stem cell research has been influenced by the convergence of evolving scientific knowledge, conflicting religious values, and the role of elected officials in a representative democracy. The article begins by reviewing the current state of scientific knowledge concerning adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and the process of direct cell re-programming. Because each …

The Forgotten Employee Benefit Crisis: Multiemployer Benefit Plans On The Brink, Paul M. Secunda

Faculty Publications

This article provides a first time look at the numerous challenges facing multiemployer or Taft-Hartley benefit plans in the post-global recession and health care reform world. These plans have provided pension, health, and welfare benefits to union members of smaller employers in itinerant industries for over sixty years and even today, these plans collectively have over ten million participants in over 1500 plans.

Multiemployer plans are increasingly mired in financial trouble and are finding it more difficult to continue to provide adequate retirement and health benefits to their members. Although they once represented one of the great triumphs in American …

Sheep In Wolves' Clothing: Removing Parens Patriae Suits Under The Class Action Fairness Act, Alexander Lemann

Faculty Publications

This Note examines the applicability of the Class Action Fairness Act’s (CAFA) removal provisions to parens patriae suits. CAFA expanded federal diversity jurisdiction to include class actions with minimal diversity, doing away with a rule that had kept most class actions in state court. Although CAFA does not mention parens patriae suits, their inherent similarity to class actions raised the question of whether they too could now be removed to federal court. The Fifth Circuit, in Louisiana ex rel. Caldwell v. Allstate Insurance Co., has held that the real parties in interest — those whose injuries form the basis of …

A Review Of Post-Pga Tour, Inc. V. Martin Legal Developments Regarding The Participation Rights Of Disabled Athletes, Matthew J. Mitten

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Contracts Clause Challenges In Public Pension Litigation, Paul M. Secunda

Faculty Publications

The recent spate of high profile efforts by state governors to roll back public employee pension rights in light of recent budgetary challenges has shone the light directly on the importance to public employees of the Contracts Clause provisions of the federal and state constitutions. Using as an example the controversial budget repair bill in Wisconsin and the application of the bill’s pension provisions to Milwaukee City employee pension rights, this article has sought to show how, under certain specified circumstances, such legislative attempts may be constitutionally impermissible if such laws substantially impair employee contracts with the state without the …

Recognizing The Public Schools' Authority To Discipline Students' Off-Campus Cyberbullying Of Classmates, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

The American Medical Association, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have identified bullying in the public elementary and secondary schools as a "public health problem". This article explains the schools' comprehensive authority, consistent with the First Amendment, to impose discipline on cyberbullies, by suspension or expulsion if necessary. Ever since Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), the Supreme Court's First Amendment decisions have granted the schools authority to discipline student speech that causes, or reasonably threatens, (1) "substantial disruption of or material interference with school …

Procuring Meaningful Land Rights For The Women Of Rwanda, Aparna Polavarapu

Faculty Publications

Land reform and gender equality are important development issues in post-Genocide Rwanda. Beginning in 1999, the government of Rwanda passed and implemented reforms which granted women rights to own and use land on an equal status with men. However, as is expected with widespread social reform, obstacles continue to inhibit widespread gender equality in practice. In Rwanda, major social obstacles manifest in the form of (1) resistance to allowing daughters to inherit land from their parents, (2) adherence to assumptions of female inferiority, and (3) the persistence of informal marriages, in which wives remain unprotected by the new laws. Interested …

From The Schoolhouse To The Poorhouse: The Credit Card Act's Failure To Adequately Protect Young Consumers, Eboni S. Nelson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

"Do Androids Dream?": Personhood And Intelligent Artifacts, F. Patrick Hubbard

Faculty Publications

This Article proposes a test to be used in answering an important question that has never received detailed jurisprudential analysis: What happens if a human artifact like a large computer system requests that it be treated as a person rather than as property? The Article argues that this entity should be granted a legal right to personhood if it has the following capacities: (1) an ability to interact with its environment and to engage in complex thought and communication; (2) a sense of being a self with a concern for achieving its plan for its life; and (3) the ability …

Law On The Books Vs. Law In Action: Under-Enforcement Of Morocco’S Reformed 2004 Family Law, The Moudawana, Ann M. Eisenberg

Faculty Publications

Morocco shares cultural, religious, and linguistic roots with more conservative countries in the region, yet the Moroccan government has interpreted similar traditions to yield the starkly different stance that gender equality is desirable. Morocco’s Moudawana, the 2004 legislation on family law with provisions largely derived from Islamic sources, confers unprecedented rights on Moroccan women. Part I of this Note evaluates the Moudawana in light of its break with traditional Shari’a, alongside its fidelity to other Islamic law principles in giving Moroccan women unprecedented rights. While the new Moudawana has provisions addressing inheritance, children’s rights, and assets within a marriage, this …

Neoformalism And The Reemergence Of The Right-Privilege Distinction In Public Employment Law, Paul M. Secunda

Faculty Publications

The First Amendment speech rights of public employees, which have traditionally enjoyed protection under the doctrine of unconstitutional conditions, have suddenly diminished in recent years. At one time developed to shut the door on the infamous privilege/rights distinction, the unconstitutional conditions doctrine has now been increasingly used to rob these employees of their constitutional rights.

Three interrelated developments explain this state of affairs. First, a jurisprudential school of thought – the “subsidy school” – has significantly undermined the vitality of the unconstitutional conditions doctrine through its largely successful sparring with an alternative school of thought, the “penalty school.” Second, although …

The Mental Health Education Integration Consortium (Mhedic): A Community Of Practice Working To Advance School Mental Health, D. Anderson-Butcher, Mark D. Weist

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Acute Impact Of Moderate-Intensity And Vigorous-Intensity Exercise Bouts On Daily Physical Activity Energy Expenditure In Postmenopausal Women, Xuewen Wang, Barbara J. Nicklas

Faculty Publications

This study determined whether performing a single moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise bout impacts daily physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE, by accelerometer). Overweight/obese postmenopausal women underwent a 5-month caloric restriction and moderate- (n = 18) or vigorous-intensity (n = 18) center-based aerobic exercise intervention. During the last month of intervention, in women performing moderate-intensity exercise, PAEE on days with exercise (577.7 ± 219.7 kcal·d⁻¹) was higher (P = .011) than on days without exercise (450.7 ± 140.5 kcal·d⁻¹); however, the difference (127.0 ± 188.1 kcal·d⁻¹) was much lower than the energy expended …