Digital Commons Network^™

Oral Treatment Of Rodents With Insecticides For Control Of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) And The Fluorescent Tracer Technique (Ftt) As A Tool To Evaluate Potential Sand Fly Control Methods, T. M. Mascari, J. Clark, S. Gordon, M. A. Mitchell, E. D. Rowton, R. Stout, L. D. Foil

Faculty Publications

In laboratory studies, insecticides (diflubenzuron, novaluron, methoprene and, pyriproxyfen) that have been incorporated into rodent diets were effective as feed-throughs against sand fly larvae. Novaluron also was effective against sand fly larvae at low concentrations and under simulated field conditions. Ivermectin has been shown to be effective as a systemic insecticide, killing 100% of blood-feeding sand flies for up to seven d after rodents were treated. The fluorescent tracer technique (FTT) is the use of certain fluorescent dyes (rhodamine B or uranine O) as feed-through transtadial biomarkers for phlebotomine sand flies, systemic biomarkers for blood-feeding sand flies, and permanent markers …

The Utility Of Geometrical And Chemical Restraint Information Extracted From Predicted Ligand-Binding Sites In Protein Structure Refinement, Michal Brylinski, Seung Yup Lee, Hongyi Zhou, Jeffrey Skolnick

Faculty Publications

Exhaustive exploration of molecular interactions at the level of complete proteomes requires efficient and reliable computational approaches to protein function inference. Ligand docking and ranking techniques show considerable promise in their ability to quantify the interactions between proteins and small molecules. Despite the advances in the development of docking approaches and scoring functions, the genome-wide application of many ligand docking/screening algorithms is limited by the quality of the binding sites in theoretical receptor models constructed by protein structure prediction. In this study, we describe a new template-based method for the local refinement of ligand-binding regions in protein models using remotely …

Findsite-Metal: Integrating Evolutionary Information And Machine Learning For Structure-Based Metal-Binding Site Prediction At The Proteome Level, Michal Brylinski, Jeffrey Skolnick

Faculty Publications

The rapid accumulation of gene sequences, many of which are hypothetical proteins with unknown function, has stimulated the development of accurate computational tools for protein function prediction with evolution/structure-based approaches showing considerable promise. In this article, we present FINDSITE-metal, a new threading-based method designed specifically to detect metal-binding sites in modeled protein structures. Comprehensive benchmarks using different quality protein structures show that weakly homologous protein models provide sufficient structural information for quite accurate annotation by FINDSITE-metal. Combining structure/evolutionary information with machine learning results in highly accurate metal-binding annotations; for protein models constructed by TASSER, whose average Cα RMSD from the …

Adjustment For Local Ancestry In Genetic Association Analysis Of Admixed Populations, Xuexia Wang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Huaizhen Qin, Richard S. Cooper, Warren J. Ewens, Chun Li, Mingyao Li

Faculty Publications

Motivation: Admixed populations offer a unique opportunity for mapping diseases that have large disease allele frequency differences between ancestral populations. However, association analysis in such populations is challenging because population stratification may lead to association with loci unlinked to the disease locus. Methods and results: We show that local ancestry at a test single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may confound with the association signal and ignoring it can lead to spurious association. We demonstrate theoretically that adjustment for local ancestry at the test SNP is sufficient to remove the spurious association regardless of the mechanism of population stratification, whether due to …

Quantitative Environmental Benchmarking In A Hydrologically Driven Hawaiian Coastal System, Paul Bienfang, Suzanne De Felice, Edward A. Laws

Faculty Publications

The spatial and temporal variability of water quality within aquatic habitats in the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park was examined over a 2-year period to quantitatively establish water quality benchmarks against which future data might be compared to test for evidence of anthropogenic impacts. Throughput of lowsalinity, high-nutrient groundwater and mixing with high-salinity, low-nutrient seawater caused significant temporal and spatial water quality variability in wells, anchialine pools, and fishponds within the study area. Variable mixing of seawater and freshwater was shown to be the primary determinant of changes in nutrient concentrations in these aquatic habitats, although leaching of basaltic rocks (Si) …

Rice Response To Nitrogen Fertilization Under Stale Seedbed And Conventional Tillage Systems, D. L. Harrell, B. S. Tubaña, J. Lofton, Y. Kanke

Faculty Publications

Drill-seeded, delayed-flood rice (Oryza sativa L.) using fall-stale seedbed (FSS) tillage has risen in popularity over the past decade in the southern USA. Nitrogen research in rice has historically focused on conventional tillage (CT). The objective of the current study was to evaluate potential diff erences in agronomic characteristics, optimal N rate, N uptake, and N fertilizer recovery efficiency (RE) between the FSS and CT rice production systems. Two varieties ('Catahoula' and 'Neptune'), two tillage systems (CT and FSS), and nine N rates (0, 34, 67, 101, 134, 168, 202, 235, and 269 kg ha-1) were evaluated. Rice emerged 4 …

Behavioral Contexts, Food-Choice Coping Strategies, And Dietary Quality Of A Multiethnic Sample Of Employed Parents, Christine E. Blake, Elaine Wethington, Tracy J. Farrell, Carole A. Bisogni, Carol M. Devine

Faculty Publications

Employed parents' work and family conditions provide behavioral contexts for their food choices. Relationships between employed parents' food-choice coping strategies, behavioral contexts, and dietary quality were evaluated. Data on work and family conditions, sociodemographic characteristics, eating behavior, and dietary intake from two 24-hour dietary recalls were collected in a random sample cross-sectional pilot telephone survey in the fall of 2006. Black, white, and Latino employed mothers (n=25) and fathers (n=25) were recruited from a low/moderate income urban area in upstate New York. Hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward's method) identified three clusters of parents differing in use of food-choice coping strategies (ie, …

Circadian Rhythm Of Cortisol And Neighborhood Characteristics In A Population-Based Sample: The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, D. Phuong Do, Ana V. Diez Roux, Anjum Hajat, Amy Auchincloss, Sharon Merkin, Nalini Ranjit, Steven Shea, Teresa Seeman

Faculty Publications

Although stress is often hypothesized to contribute to the effects of neighborhoods on health, very few studies have investigated associations of neighborhood characteristics with stress biomarkers. This study helps address the gap in the literature by examining whether neighborhood characteristics are associated with cortisol profiles. Analyses were based on data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress study which collected multiple measures of salivary cortisol over three days on a population based sample of approximately 800 adults. Multilevel models with splines were used to examine associations of cortisol with neighborhood poverty, violence, disorder, and social cohesion. Neighborhood violence was significantly …

Validation Of The Actical Activity Monitor In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Steven P. Hooker, Anna Feeney, Brent E. Hutto, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Kerry Mciver, Daniel P. Heil, John E. Vena, Michael J. Lamonte, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study was designed to validate the Actical activity monitor in middle-aged and older adults of varying body composition to develop accelerometer thresholds to distinguish between light and moderate intensity physical activity (PA).

Methods: Nonobese 45 to 64 yr (N = 29), obese 45 to 64 yr (N = 21), and ≥65 yr (N = 23; varying body composition) participants completed laboratory-based sitting, household, and locomotive activities while wearing an Actical monitor and a portable metabolic measurement system. Non-linear regression analysis was used to identify activity count (AC) cut-points to differentiate between light intensity (<3 METs) and moderate intensity (≥3 METs) PA.

Results: Using group-specific algorithms, …

A Geographic Information Assessment Of Exposure To A Toxic Waste Site And Development Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Sle): Findings From The Buffalo Lupus Project, Edith M. Williams, Robert Watkins, Judith Anderson, Laurene Tumiel-Berhalter

Faculty Publications

The Buffalo Lupus Project was a community-based participatory research partnership formed to address the relationship between an identified hazardous waste site and high rates of lupus and other autoimmune diseases in the surrounding community. Most cases identified began experiencing symptoms and were diagnosed in the periods when the site was inactive. Trends suggest that the impact of the site was more likely due to chronic exposure to waste rather than it being an acute trigger.

A Temporal Model Of Community Organizing And Direct Action, Brad Olson, Judah J. Viola,, Suzette J. Fromm Reed

Faculty Publications

Psychology has much to contribute to engagement in community organizing and direct action. Such organizing and action is psychological: it is motivational, cognitive, attitudinal, and emotional. Psychological knowledge is a cost-free resource. It can be used to counter unjust power structures and their tendency to maintain policies and systems of social harm and inequality. A theoretical model of organizing and direct action that integrates knowledge from community psychology and related disciplines with historic and modern action campaigns is needed. Theory helps us learn from the past to guide us toward more effective future outcomes.

Consumption Of Single Cigarettes And Quitting Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Mexican Smokers, James F. Thrasher, Victor Villalobos, Joaquin Barnoya, Raul Sansores, Richard J. O'Connor

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous cross-sectional research has suggested single cigarettes could either promote or inhibit consumption. The present study aimed to assess the effects of single cigarette availability and consumption on downstream quit behavior.

Methods: We analyzed population-based, longitudinal data from adult smokers who participated in the 2008 and 2010 administrations of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey in Mexico.

Results: At baseline, 30% of smokers saw single cigarettes for sale on a daily basis, 17% bought singles at their last purchase, and 7% bought singles daily. Smokers who most frequently purchased singles, both in general and specifically to control their …

Consumption Of Single Cigarettes And Quitting Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Mexican Smokers, Jim Thrasher, Victor Villalobos, Joaquin Barnoya, Raul Sansores, Richard O’Connor

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous cross-sectional research has suggested single cigarettes could either promote or inhibit consumption. The present study aimed to assess the effects of single cigarette availability and consumption on downstream quit behavior.

Methods: We analyzed population-based, longitudinal data from adult smokers who participated in the 2008 and 2010 administrations of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey in Mexico.

Results: At baseline, 30% of smokers saw single cigarettes for sale on a daily basis, 17% bought singles at their last purchase, and 7% bought singles daily. Smokers who most frequently purchased singles, both in general and specifically to control their …

Consumption Of Single Cigarettes And Quitting Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Mexican Smokers, Jim Thrasher, Victor Villalobos, Joaquin Barnoya, Raul Sansores, Richard O'Connor

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous cross-sectional research has suggested single cigarettes could either promote or inhibit consumption. The present study aimed to assess the effects of single cigarette availability and consumption on downstream quit behavior.

Methods: We analyzed population-based, longitudinal data from adult smokers who participated in the 2008 and 2010 administrations of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey in Mexico.

Results: At baseline, 30% of smokers saw single cigarettes for sale on a daily basis, 17% bought singles at their last purchase, and 7% bought singles daily. Smokers who most frequently purchased singles, both in general and specifically to control their …

Lea Proteins During Water Stress: Not Just For Plants Anymore, Steven C. Hand, Michael A. Menze, Mehmet Toner, Leaf Boswell, Daniel Moore

Faculty Publications

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are extremely hydrophilic proteins that were first identified in land plants. Intracellular accumulation is tightly correlated with acquisition of desiccation tolerance, and data support their capacity to stabilize other proteins and membranes during drying, especially in the presence of sugars like trehalose. Exciting reports now show that LEA proteins are not restricted to plants; multiple forms are expressed in desiccation-tolerant animals from at least four phyla. We evaluate here the expression, subcellular localization, biochemical properties, and potential functions of LEA proteins in animal species during water stress. LEA proteins are intrinsically unstructured in aqueous solution, …

Culture, Timothy B. Smith, Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, Guillermo Bernal

Faculty Publications

This article summarizes the definitions, means, and research of adapting psychotherapy to clients’ cultural backgrounds. We begin by reviewing the prevailing definitions of cultural adaptation and providing a clinical example. We present an original meta-analysis of 65 experimental and quasiexperimental studies involving 8,620 participants. The omnibus effect size of d 5 .46 indicates that treatments specifically adapted for clients of color were moderately more effective with that clientele than traditional treatments. The most effective treatments tended to be those with greater numbers of cultural adaptations. Mental health services targeted to a specific cultural group were several times more effective than …

Detecting Toxic Diatom Blooms From Ocean Color And A Regional Ocean Model, Clarissa R. Anderson, Raphael M. Kudela, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Emily Sekula-Wood, Christopher T. Burrell, Yi Chao, Gregg Langlois, Jo Goodman, David A. Siegel

Faculty Publications

[1] An apparent link between upwelling‐related physical signatures, macronutrients, and toxic diatom blooms in the various “hotspots” throughout California has motivated attempts to forecast harmful algal blooms (HABs) as a function of select environmental variables. Empirical models for predicting toxic Pseudo‐nitzschia blooms in one such region, the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC), are tested in a nowcast mode using predictions based on merging data from MODIS ocean color geophysical products and the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) applied to the Southern California Bight. Thresholds for each model generate event forecasts. Spatially‐explicit, monthly HAB maps are compared to shipboard observations and California …

Isolation Of A Rickettsial Pathogen From A Non-Hematophagous Arthropod, Chutima Thepparit, Piyanate Sunyakumthorn, Mark L. Guillotte, Vsevolod L. Popov, Lane D. Foil, Kevin R. Macaluso

Faculty Publications

Rickettsial diversity is intriguing in that some species are transmissible to vertebrates, while others appear exclusive to invertebrate hosts. Of particular interest is Rickettsia felis, identifiable in both stored product insect pests and hematophagous disease vectors. To understand rickettsial survival tactics in, and probable movement between, both insect systems will explicate the determinants of rickettsial pathogenicity. Towards this objective, a population of Liposcelis bostrychophila, common booklice, was successfully used for rickettsial isolation in ISE6 (tick-derived cells). Rickettsiae were also observed in L. bostrychophila by electron microscopy and in paraffin sections of booklice by immunofluorescence assay using anti-R. felis polyclonal antibody. …

Using A Technology-Based Intervention To Promote Weight Loss In Sedentary Overweight Or Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Design, Vaughn W. Barry, Amanda C. Mcclain, Sara L. Shuger, Xuemei Sui, James W. Hardin, Gregory A. Hand, Sarah Wilcox, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The SenseWear^TM Armband is an activity monitor developed to improve lifestyle self-monitoring. Currently, few studies assess electronic self-monitoring and weight loss with a lifestyle intervention program. To our knowledge, only one study has used the SenseWear Armband in combination with a lifestyle intervention to improve weight loss, and no studies have evaluated whether a self-monitoring intervention based solely on the armband can promote weight loss. Consequently, the aims of the study were to assess weight loss from electronic self-monitoring, to compare these values to the lifestyle intervention and standard care groups, and to compare weight loss with lifestyle …

Mapping Copy Number Variation By Population-Scale Genome Sequencing, Ryan E. Mills, Klaudia Walter, Chip Stewart, Robert E. Handsaker, Ken Chen, Can Alkan, Alexej Abyzov, Seungtai Chris Yoon, Kai Ye, R. Keira Cheetham, Asif Chinwalla, Donald F. Conrad, Yutao Fu, Fabian Grubert, Iman Hajirasouliha, Fereydoun Hormozdiari, Lilia M. Iakoucheva, Zamin Iqbal, Shuli Kang, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Miriam K. Konkel, Joshua Korn, Ekta Khurana, Deniz Kural, Hugo Y.K. Lam, Jing Leng, Ruiqiang Li, Yingrui Li, Chang Yun Lin, Ruibang Luo, Xinmeng Jasmine Mu, James Nemesh, Heather E. Peckham, Tobias Rausch

Faculty Publications

Genomic structural variants (SVs) are abundant in humans, differing from other forms of variation in extent, origin and functional impact. Despite progress in SV characterization, the nucleotide resolution architecture of most SVs remains unknown. We constructed a map of unbalanced SVs (that is, copy number variants) based on whole genome DNA sequencing data from 185 human genomes, integrating evidence from complementary SV discovery approaches with extensive experimental validations. Our map encompassed 22,025 deletions and 6,000 additional SVs, including insertions and tandem duplications. Most SVs (53%) were mapped to nucleotide resolution, which facilitated analysing their origin and functional impact. We examined …

Game On. . . Girls: Associations Between Co-Playing Video Games And Adolescent Behavioral And Family Outcomes, Sarah M. Coyne, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Laura Stockdale, Randal D. Day

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Video game use has been associated with several behavioral and health outcomes for adolescents. The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between parental co-play of video games and behavioral and family outcomes.

Method: Participants consisted of 287 adolescents and their parents who completed a number of video game-, behavioral-, and family-related questionnaires as part of a wider study. Most constructs included child, mother, and father reports.

Results: At the bivariate level, time spent playing video games was associated with several negative outcomes, including heightened internalizing and aggressive behavior and lowered prosocial behavior. However, …

Effects Of Androgen Receptor And Androgen On Gene Expression In Prostate Stromal Fibroblasts And Paracrine Signaling To Prostate Cancer Cells, Matthew J. Tanner, R. Charles Welliver, Mengqian Chen, Michael Shtutman, Alejandro Godoy, Gary Smith, Badar M. Mian, Ralph Buttyan

Faculty Publications

The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in a subset of prostate stromal cells and functional stromal cell AR is required for normal prostate developmental and influences the growth of prostate tumors. Although we are broadly aware of the specifics of the genomic actions of AR in prostate cancer cells, relatively little is known regarding the gene targets of functional AR in prostate stromal cells. Here, we describe a novel human prostate stromal cell model that enabled us to study the effects of AR on gene expression in these cells. The model involves a genetically manipulated variant of immortalized human WPMY-1 …

Examining The Role Of Churches In Adolescent Girls' Physical Activity, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Natalie Colabianchi, Marsha Dowda, Dwayne E. Porter, James Hibbert, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: In adults, associations between church attendance and positive health behaviors exist; however, similar evidence among children and youth is lacking. The purposes of this investigation were to examine the associations between physical activity (PA) and church attendance, PA and use of church as a PA facility, and PA and proximity to churches among those who use church as a PA facility (while addressing racial and geographic differences). Methods: High school girls (N=915, age=17.7 ± 0.6 years, 56% African American) completed the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall and surveys including demographics and use of PA facilities. Geographic Information Systems data were …

Metals Affect The Structure And Activity Of Human Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1. I. Modulation Of Stability And Protease Inhibition, Lawrence C. Thompson, Sumit Goswami, David S. Ginsberg, Duane E. Day, Ingrid M. Verhamme, Cynthia B. Peterson

Faculty Publications

Human plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor with a metastable active conformation. Under physiological conditions, half of the inhibitor transitions to a latent state within 1-2 h. The interaction between PAI-1 and the plasma protein vitronectin prolongs this active lifespan by ∼50%. Previously, our group demonstrated that PAI-1 binds to resins using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Day, U.S. Pat. 7,015,021 B2, March 21, 2006). In this study, the effect of these metals on function and stability was investigated by measuring the rate of the transition from the active to latent conformation. All metals tested showed …

The Nlrp3 Inflammasome Instigates Obesity-Induced Inflammation And Insulin Resistance, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Yun Hee Youm, Anthony Ravussin, Jose E. Galgani, Krisztian Stadler, Randall L. Mynatt, Eric Ravussin, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Vishwa Deep Dixit

Faculty Publications

The emergence of chronic inflammation during obesity in the absence of overt infection or well-defined autoimmune processes is a puzzling phenomenon. The Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of innate immune cell sensors, such as the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (Nlrp3, but also known as Nalp3 or cryopyrin) inflammasome are implicated in recognizing certain nonmicrobial originated 'danger signals' leading to caspase-1 activation and subsequent interleukin-1β 2 (IL-1β 2) and IL-18 secretion. We show that calorie restriction and exercise-mediated weight loss in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduction in adipose tissue expression of Nlrp3 as well …

Neighborhood Stressors And Race/Ethnic Differences In Hypertension Prevalence (The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis), Mahasin S. Mujahid, Ana V. Diez Roux, Richard C. Cooper, Steven Shea, David R. Williams

Faculty Publications

BackgroundThe reasons for racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension (HTN) prevalence in the United States are poorly understood.MethodsUsing data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we investigated whether individual- and neighborhood-level chronic stressors contribute to these disparities in cross-sectional analyses. The sample consisted of 2,679 MESA participants (45-84 years) residing in Baltimore, New York, and North Carolina. HTN was defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure 140 or 90mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medications. Individual-level chronic stress was measured by self-reported chronic burden and perceived major and everyday discrimination. A measure of neighborhood (census tract) chronic stressors (i.e., physical disorder, violence) was …

High-Throughput Cryopreservation Of Spermatozoa Of Blue Catfish (Ictalurus Furcatus): Establishment Of An Approach For Commercial-Scale Processing, E. Hu, Huiping Yang, Terrence R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

Hybrid catfish created by crossing of female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and male blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) are being used increasingly in foodfish aquaculture because of their fast growth and efficient food conversion. However, the availability of blue catfish males is limited, and their peak spawning is at a different time than that of the channel catfish. As such, cryopreservation of sperm of blue catfish could improve production of hybrid catfish, and has been studied in the laboratory and tested for feasibility in a commercial dairy bull cryopreservation facility. However, an approach for commercially relevant production of cryopreserved blue catfish …

Education And Levels Of Salivary Cortisol Over The Day In Us Adults, Jennifer B. Dowd, Nalini Ranjit, D. Phuong Do, Elizabeth A. Young, James S. House, George A. Kaplan

Faculty Publications

Background - Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is hypothesized to be an important pathway linking socioeconomic position and chronic disease.

Purpose - This paper tests the association between education and the diurnal rhythm of salivary control.

Methods - Up to 8 measures of cortisol (mean of 5.38 per respondent) over two days were obtained from 311 respondents aged 18-70, drawn from 2001-2002 Chicago Community Adult Health Study. Multi-level models with linear splines were used to estimate waking level, rates of cortisol decline, and area-under-the-curve over the day, by categories of education.

Results - Lower education (0-11 years) was associated …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Risk Of Prostate Cancer: Findings From The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, Wonwoo Byun, Xuemei Sui, James R. Hébert, Timothy S. Church, I-Min Lee, Charles E. Matthews, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Objective - To examine the association between cardiorespiratory (CRF) and risk of incident prostate cancer (PrCA).

Methods - Participants were 19,042 male subjects in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS), ages 20 to 82 years, who received a baseline medical examination including a maximal treadmill exercise test between 1976 and 2003. CRF levels were defined as low (lowest 20%), moderate (middle 40%), and high (upper 40%) according to age-specific distribution of treadmill duration from the overall ACLS population. PrCA was assessed from responses to mail-back health surveys during 1982 to 2004. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, …

Exploratory Factor Analysis Of Human Infant Temperament In The Rhesus Monkey, Daniel B. Kay, Michael Marsiske, Stephen J. Suomi, James Dee Higley

Faculty Publications

The triadic model of human infant temperament, involving Negative Affectivity, Orienting/ Regulation, and Surgency/Extraversion factors, was applied to the rhesus neonate using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Replicating and expanding earlier work in rhesus monkeys, the three factor solution produced latent constructs comparable to human neonatal temperament.