Digital Commons Network^™

Multipolarity, Intellectual Property And The Internationalization Of Public Health Law, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

This Article critically examines the proliferation of international legal agreements addressing global health threats like the outbreak of infectious diseases, tobacco use and lack of access to affordable medicines. The conventional wisdom behind this trend is that a global normative shift has occurred which has caused states to regard health as “special” and less subject to the normal rules of international law making because health threats endanger all of humanity. This Article challenges that thesis, arguing that at the same time the number and scope of international health law treaties has grown, developed states have subordinated health law to intellectual …

Systemic Barriers To Effective Assistance Of Counsel In Plea Bargaining, Rodney J. Uphoff, Peter A. Joy

Faculty Publications

In a trio of recent cases, Padilla v. Kentucky, Missouri v. Frye, and Lafler v. Cooper, the U.S. Supreme Court has focused its attention on defense counsel's pivotal role during the plea bargaining process . At the same time that the Court has signaled its willingness to consider ineffective assistance of counsel claims at the plea stage, prosecutors are increasingly requiring defendants to sign waivers that include waiving all constitutional and procedural errors, even unknown ineffective assistance of counsel claims such as those that proved successful in Padilla and Frye. Had Jose Padilla and Galin Frye been forced to sign …

Psychophysical Auditory Filter Estimates Reveal Sharper Cochlear Tuning In Musicians, Gavin Bidelman, Jonathan Schug, Skyler Jennings, Shaum Bhagat

Faculty Publications

Musicianship confers enhancements to hearing at nearly all levels of the auditory system from periphery to percept. Musicians' superior psychophysical abilities are particularly evident in spectral discrimination and noise-degraded listening tasks, achieving higher perceptual sensitivity than their nonmusician peers. Greater spectral acuity implies that musicianship may increase auditory filter selectivity. This hypothesis was directly tested by measuring both forward- and simultaneous-masked psychophysical tuning curves. Sharper filter tuning (i.e., higher Q10) was observed in musicians compared to nonmusicians. Findings suggest musicians' pervasive listening benefits may be facilitated, in part, by superior spectral processing/decomposition as early as the auditory periphery.

The Home: Where Our Heart Resides, David M. English

Faculty Publications

Helping a client maximize the use of his or her home for these purposes is no simple task. It requires knowledge of options and resources across many domains. But stepping back and taking a broader look at these strategic opportunities and pitfalls is useful in appreciating the knowledge and skill set needed to competently counsel and represent aging clients. This article looks first at a variety of consumer protection issues, examines the interrelationship between the home and a variety of government benefits, and concludes with a discussion of technology that may enable an elderly person to remain in the place …

Chronic Stress Alters Concentrations Of Corticosterone Receptors In A Tissue-Specific Manner In Wild House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus), Christine R. Lattin, L. Michael Romero

Faculty Publications

© 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. The physiological stress response results in release of glucocorticoid hormones such as corticosterone (CORT). Whereas short-term activation of this response helps animals cope with environmental stressors, chronic activation can result in negative effects including metabolic dysregulation and reproductive failure. However, there is no consensus hormonal profile of a chronically stressed animal, suggesting that researchers may need to look beyond hormone titers to interpret the impacts of chronic stress. In this study, we brought wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus) into captivity. We then compared glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor concentrations in sparrows exposed …

Kenneth Simpson, 1943-2013, Patrick G. Scott

Faculty Publications

Obituary recording the career of Dr. Kenneth G. Simpson (1943-2013), of the University of Strathclyde, and his contributions to eighteenth-century Scottish studies, especially the study and nuanced appreciation of Robert Burns.

Cognition: The New Frontier For Nuts And Berries, Peter Pribis, Barbara Shukitt-Hale

Faculty Publications

The inclusion of nuts in the diet is associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, gallstones, diabetes, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and visceral obesity. Frequent consumption of berries seems to be associated with improved cardiovascular and cancer outcomes, improved immune function, and decreased recurrence of urinary tract infections; the consumption of nuts and berries is associated with reduction in oxidative damage, inflammation, vascular reactivity, and platelet aggregation, and improvement in immune functions. However, only recently have the effects of nut and berry consumption on the brain, different neural systems, and cognition been studied. There is growing evidence that …

Ubiquitous Privacy, Thomas P. Crocker

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Health Equity For All: Sexual And Reproductive Health Needs And Access To Health Services For Adolescents 10–17 Engaged In Selling Sex In Asia Pacific, Brendan M. Conner, Ayesha Mago, Sarah Middleton-Lee

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Trial By Google: Judicial Notice In The Information Age, Jeffrey Bellin, Andrew Guthrie Ferguson

Faculty Publications

This Article presents a theory of judicial notice for the information age. It argues that the ease of accessing factual data on the Internet allows judges and litigants to expand the use of judicial notice in ways that raise significant concerns about admissibility, reliability, and fair process. State and federal courts are already applying the surprisingly pliant judicial notice rules to bring websites ranging from Google Maps to Wikipedia into the courtroom, and these decisions will only increase in frequency in coming years. This rapidly emerging judicial phenomenon is notable for its ad hoc and conclusory nature—attributes that have the …

Liberty Without Capacity: Why States Should Ban Adolescent Driving, Vivian E. Hamilton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Abstract Risk And The Politics Of The Criminal Law, Brenner M. Fissell

Faculty Publications

Much of the criminal law contains what theorists call “abstract endangerment” statutes — crimes that punish not actual, but hypothetical, creation of risk. Consider the case of underage alcohol possession: age does not necessarily imply immaturity, and possession does not necessarily lead to consumption. The crime is therefore doubly “abstract”: many violations will create no risk of harm at all but the conduct is nevertheless prohibited. Theoretical defenses of these overinclusive laws proceed mainly by emphasizing the deficiencies of individuals in assessing their own cases of risk. What these defenses implicitly assume, though, is that the entity the individual must …

Amino Acids In The Uterine Luminal Fluid Reflects The Temporal Changes In Transporter Expression In The Endometrium And Conceptus During Early Pregnancy In Cattle, Niamh Forde, Constantine A. Simintiras, Roger Sturmey, Solomon Mamo, Alan K. Kelly, Thomas E. Spencer, Fuller W. Bazer, Pat Lonergan

Faculty Publications

In cattle, conceptus-maternal interactions are critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. A major component of this early interaction involves the transport of nutrients and secretion of key molecules by uterine epithelial cells to help support conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Objectives were to: 1) analyze temporal changes in the amino acid (AA) content of uterine luminal fluid (ULF) during the bovine estrous cycle; 2) understand conceptus-induced alterations in AA content; 3) determine expression of AA transporters in the endometrium and conceptus; and 4) determine how these transporters are modulated by (Progesterone) P4. Concentrations of aspartic …

Reducing Colorectal Cancer Incidence And Disparities: Performance And Outcomes Of A Screening Colonoscopy Program In South Carolina, Sudha Xirasagar, Yi-Jhen Li, James B. Burch, Virginie G. Daguisé, Thomas G. Hurley, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

This study evaluated the efficiency, effectiveness, and racial disparities reduction potential of Screening Colonoscopies for People Everywhere in South Carolina (SCOPE SC), a state-funded program for indigent persons aged 50–64 years (45–64 years for African American (AA)) with a medical home in community health centers. Patients were referred to existing referral network providers, and the centers were compensated for patient navigation. Data on procedures and patient demographics were analyzed. Of 782 individuals recruited (71.2% AA), 85% (665) completed the procedure (71.1% AA). The adenoma detection rate was 27.8% (males 34.6% and females 25.1%), advanced neoplasm rate 7.7% (including 3 cancers), …

Why Pray?, Hyveth Williams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of One-Dimensional Turbulence And Direct Numerical Simulations Of Soot Formation And Transport In A Nonpremixed Ethylene Jet Flame, David O. Lignell, Garrison C. Fredline, Adam D. Lewis

Faculty Publications

Accurate models of soot formation in turbulent flames are important for correctly predicting and simulating flames and fires. Modeling soot formation and transport is challenging due to the complex chemical formation processes, and differential diffusion of soot relative to a flame. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) have highlighted the importance of such transport on soot concentrations, however DNS is computationally expensive. The one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model is able resolve a full range of length and timescales and solves the evolution of diffusive and reactive scalars in the natural physical coordinate. We present results of soot formation in ODT and compare the …

Uncertainty Quantification Driven Predictive Multi-Scale Model For Synthesis Of Mycotoxins, Sourav Banerjee, Gabriel A. Terejanu, Anindya Chanda

Faculty Publications

Many toxic molds synthesize and release an array of poisons, termed mycotoxins that have an enormous impact on human health, agriculture and economy [1]. These molds contaminate our buildings, indoor air and crops, cause life threatening human and animal diseases and reduce agricultural output [2]. In order to design appropriate approaches to minimize the detrimental effects of these fungi, it is essential to develop diagnostic methodologies that can rapidly and accurately determine based on fungal strains and their growth patterns, the extent of mycotoxin mediated damage caused to the environment.Here we developed a novel multi-scale predictive mathematical model that could …

Integrating Sequence And Array Data To Create An Improved 1000 Genomes Project Haplotype Reference Panel, Olivier Delaneau, Jonathan Marchini, Gil A. Mcveanh, Peter Donnelly, Gerton Lunter, Jonathan L. Marchini, Simon Myers, Anjali Gupta-Hinch, Zamin Iqbal, Iain Mathieson, Andy Rimmer, Dionysia K. Xifara, Angeliki Kerasidou, Claire Churchhouse, David M. Altshuler, Stacey B. Gabriel, Eric S. Lander, Namrata Gupta, Mark J. Daly, Mark A. Depristo, Eric Banks, Gaurav Bhatia, Mauricio O. Carneiro, Guillermo Del Angel, Giulio Genovese, Robert E. Handsaker, Chris Hartl, Steven A. Mccarroll, James C. Nemesh, Ryan E. Poplin, Stephen F. Schaffner, Khalid Shakir, Pardis C. Sabeti, Sharon R. Grossman

Faculty Publications

A major use of the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) data is genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we develop a method to estimate haplotypes from low-coverage sequencing data that can take advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray genotypes on the same samples. First the SNP array data are phased to build a backbone (or 'scaffold') of haplotypes across each chromosome. We then phase the sequence data 'onto' this haplotype scaffold. This approach can take advantage of relatedness between sequenced and non-sequenced samples to improve accuracy. We use this method to create a new 1000GP haplotype reference set for …

A Cluster-Randomized Trial Of Task Shifting And Blood Pressure Control In Ghana: Study Protocol, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Joyce Gyamfi, William Chaplin, Michael Ntim, Kingsley Apusiga, Kiran Khurshid, Richard Cooper

Faculty Publications

Background: Countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are experiencing an epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) propelled by rapidly increasing rates of hypertension. Barriers to hypertension control in SSA include poor access to care and high out-of-pocket costs. Although SSA bears 24% of the global disease burden, it has only 3% of the global health workforce. Given such limited resources, cost-effective strategies, such as task shifting, are needed to mitigate the rising CVD epidemic in SSA. Ghana, a country in SSA with an established community health worker program integrated within a national health insurance scheme provides an ideal platform to evaluate implementation …

P‐Nexfs Analysis Of Aerosol Phosphorus Delivered To The Mediterranean Sea, Amelia F. Longo, Ellery D. Ingall, Julia M. Diaz, Michelle Oakes, Laura E. King, Athanasios Nenes, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Kaliopi Violaki, Anna Avila, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Jay Brandes, Ian Mcnulty, David J. Vine

Faculty Publications

Biological productivity in many ocean regions is controlled by the availability of the nutrient phosphorus. In the Mediterranean Sea, aerosol deposition is a key source of phosphorus and understanding its composition is critical for determining its potential bioavailability. Aerosol phosphorus was investigated in European and North African air masses using phosphorus near‐edge X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (P‐NEXFS). These air masses are the main source of aerosol deposition to the Mediterranean Sea. We show that European aerosols are a significant source of soluble phosphorus to the Mediterranean Sea. European aerosols deliver on average 3.5 times more soluble phosphorus than North African aerosols …

Artemisia Scoparia Enhances Adipocyte Development And Endocrine Function In Vitro And Enhances Insulin Action In Vivo, Allison J. Richard, Scott Fuller, Veaceslav Fedorcenco, Robbie Beyl, Thomas P. Burris, Randall Mynatt, David M. Ribnicky, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

Background: Failure of adipocytes to expand during periods of energy excess can result in undesirable metabolic consequences such as ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Blinded screening studies have indicated that Artemisia scoparia (SCO) extracts can enhance adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in cultured adipocytes. The present study tested the hypothesis that SCO treatment modulates fat cell development and function in vitro and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue in vivo. Methods: In vitro experiments utilized a Gal4-PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) fusion protein-luciferase reporter assay to examine PPARγ activation. To investigate the ability of SCO to modulate adipogenesis and mature …

Large Scale Screening Of Digeneans For Neorickettsia Endosymbionts Using Real-Time Pcr Reveals New Neorickettsia Genotypes, Host Associations And Geographic Records, Stephen Greiman, Vasyl V. Tkach, Eric Pulis, Thomas J. Fayton, Stephen S. Curran

Faculty Publications

Digeneans are endoparasitic flatworms with complex life cycles including one or two intermediate hosts (first of which is always a mollusk) and a vertebrate definitive host. Digeneans may harbor intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the genus Neorickettsia (order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae). Some Neorickettsia are able to invade cells of the digenean's vertebrate host and are known to cause diseases of wildlife and humans. In this study we report the results of screening 771 digenean samples for Neorickettsia collected from various vertebrates in terrestrial, freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats in the United States, China and Australia. Neorickettsia were detected using a …

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, And Cellular Properties Of Α-Pegylated Cis-A2B2- And A3B-Types Znpcs, Benson G. Ongarora, Zehua Zhou, Elizabeth A. Okoth, Igor Kolesnichenko, Kevin M. Smith, M. Graça H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

© 2014 World Scientific Publishing Company. A series of pegylated cis-A2B2- or A3B-type ZnPcs, substituted on the α-positions with tri(ethylene glycol) and hydroxyl groups, were synthesized from a new bis-phthalonitrile. A clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanine was also obtained as a byproduct. The hydroxyl group of one ZnPc was alkylated with 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride to afford a pegylated ZnPc functionalized with an amine group. All mononuclear ZnPcs were soluble in polar organic solvents, showed intense Q absorptions in DMF, and had fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.10-0.23. The clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanine adopts mainly open shell conformations in DMF, and closed clamshell conformations in chloroform. …

Vaccination Perceptions Of School Employees In A Rural School District, Janelle L. B. Macintosh

Faculty Publications

Background: There continues to be a need for increases in adult vaccination rates, especially among those working in environments which may easily become communicable disease outbreak centers, such as school employees in the school environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate why rural Utah school employees were non-compliant with the influenza and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines, as well as to identify their view on mandatory vaccination policies.

Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to all school employees in a rural Utah school district. Data analysis included frequencies and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative items …

Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals Inhibit Cytochrome P450 Activity In Rat Liver Microsomes, James R. Reed, George F. Cawley, Taylor G. Ardoin, Barry Dellinger, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Farhana Hasan, Lucy W. Kiruri, Wayne L. Backes

Faculty Publications

Combustion processes generate particulate matter that affects human health. When incineration fuels include components that are highly enriched in aromatic hydrocarbons (especially halogenated varieties) and redox-active metals, ultrafine particulate matter containing air-stable, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) is generated. The exposure to fine EPFRs (less than 2.5. μm in diameter) has been shown to negatively influence pulmonary and cardiovascular functions in living organisms. The goal of this study was to determine if these EPFRs have a direct effect on cytochrome P450 function. This was accomplished by direct addition of the EPFRs to rat liver microsomal preparations and measurement of several …

Contribution Of Surface Leaf-Litter Breakdown And Forest Composition To Benthic Oxygen Demand And Ecosystem Respiration In A South Georgia Blackwater River, Andrew S. Mehring, Kevin A. Kuehn, Cynthia J. Tant, Catherine M. Pringle, R. Richard Lowrance, George Vellidis

Faculty Publications

Many North American blackwater rivers exhibit low dissolved O₂ (DO) that may be the result of benthic respiration. We examined how tree species affected O₂ demand via the quantity and quality of litter produced. In addition, we compared areal estimates of surface leaf-litter microbial respiration to sediment O₂ demand (SOD) and ecosystem respiration (ER) in stream and swamp reaches of a blackwater river to quantify contributions of surface litter decomposition to O₂ demand. Litter inputs averaged 917 and 678 g m⁻² y⁻¹ in the swamp and stream, respectively. Tree species differentially affected O_{2 …}

Clinical Implications Of Internet Infidelity: Where Facebook Fits In, Jaclyn D. Cravens, Jason B. Whiting Phd

Faculty Publications

The Internet can enhance existing relationships or facilitate the development of new relationships, including illicit ones. Increased research in this area has predominately been on online sexual addiction and pornography, with few about social networking sites. Facebook, a popular social networking site boasting 1.15 billion active users. This article reviews existing literature on Internet infidelity, comparing online activities and Facebook-specific behaviors. Five areas related to Internet infidelity will be explored, such as definitions and the impact on relationships. Although several similarities exist between general Internet and Facebook-specific infidelity, unique differences exist. Implications for future research and clinical practice are presented.

Decades Of Research Shows Adolescents Do Better With Community Service Rather Than Incarceration, Gary L. Hopkins, Duane C. Mcbride, Brent C. Featherston, Peter C. Gleason, Jacqueline Moreno

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to share with the legal community some of what we as social science researchers have learned from our research and the research of others, regarding the health and education benefits of community service among adolescents. In other words, we will attempt to answer the question of whether there are benefits of performing community service to the individuals performing the service, and to describe what these benefits are.

Environmental Law Outside The Canon, Todd S. Aagaard

Faculty Publications

It is time to rethink the domination of environmental law by a canon of major federal statutes enacted in the 1970s. Environmental law is in a malaise. Despite widespread agreement that existing laws are inadequate to address current environmental problems, Congress has not passed a major environmental statute in more than twenty years. If it is to succeed, the environmental law of this new century may need to evolve into something that looks quite different than the extant environmental law canon. The next generation of environmental laws must be viable for creation and implementation even in an antagonistic political climate; …

Meal Pattern Of Male Rats Maintained On Amino Acid Supplemented Diets: The Effect Of Tryptophan, Lysine, Arginine, Proline And Threonine, Raghad Ayaso, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Mohamad Abiad, Omar Obeid

Faculty Publications

The macronutrient composition of the diet has been shown to affect food intake, with proteins having distinct effects. The present study investigated the effect of diet supplementation with individual amino acids (tryptophan, lysine, arginine, proline and threonine) on meal pattern among male rats. Meal pattern and body weight were monitored for two weeks. Proline and threonine had minimal effects on meal pattern, while the most pronounced changes were observed in the tryptophan group. Both tryptophan and lysine decreased overall food intake, which was translated into a reduction in body weight. The reduced food intake of the tryptophan group was associated …