Digital Commons Network^™

The Inflammatory Potential Of Diet In Determining Cancer Risk; A Prospective Investigation Of Two Dietary Pattern Scores, Stina Bodén, Robin Myte, Maria Wennberg, Sophia Harlid, Ingegerd Johansson, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Bethany Van Guelpen, Lena Maria Nilsson

Faculty Publications

Purpose Inflammation-related mechanisms may contribute to the link between diet and cancer. We sought to investigate the inflammatory impact of diet on cancer risk using the Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and an adapted Mediterranean diet score (MDS).

Methods This population-based, prospective cohort study used self-reported dietary data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, including 100,881 participants, of whom 35,393 had repeated measures. Associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also used restricted cubic splines to test for potential non-linear associations.

Results A total of 9,250 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during a median …

Lack Of Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index And Low Impact Fractures In The Brazilian Population: The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (Brazos), Melissa Morimoto, Nitin Shivappa, Patricia De Souza Genaro, Ligia Araujo Martini, Natielen Jacques Schuch, James R. Hebert, Marcelo Medeiros Pinheiro

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Adequate nutrition, including intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D, is important to maintain bone health. Evidence suggests that a deficiency in micronutrients may contribute to bone loss during aging and exert generalized effects on chronic inflammation. Recently, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was developed to assess the inflammatory potential of individual diets. Our aim was to evaluate the DII in a representative sample and verify its association with low-impact fractures.

Methods: Individuals from The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS) database had their DII calculated. BRAZOS is an important cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with a representative sample of men …

Ecological Mechanisms Can Modify Radiation Effects In A Key Forest Mammal Of Chernobyl, Tapio Mappes, Zbyszek Boratynski, Kati Kivisaari, Anton Lavrinienko, Anders P. Moller, Eugene Tukalenko, Phillip C. Watts

Faculty Publications

Nuclear accidents underpin the need to quantify the ecological mechanisms which determineinjury to ecosystems from chronic low-dose radiation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ecological mech-anisms interact with ionizing radiation to affect natural populations in unexpected ways. We used large-scale replicated experiments and food manipulations in wild populations of the rodent, Myodes glareolus,inhabiting the region near the site of the Chernobyl disaster of 1986. We show linear decreases in breedingsuccess with increasing ambient radiation levels with no evidence of any threshold below which effects arenot seen. Food supplementation of experimental populations resulted in increased abundances but only inlocations where radioactive …

Vibration-Based In-Situ Detection And Quantification Of Delamination In Composite Plates, Hanfei Mei, Asaad Migot, Mohammad Faisal Haider, Roshan Joseph, Md Yeasin Bhuiyan, Victor Giurgiutiu

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a new methodology for detecting and quantifying delamination in composite plates based on the high-frequency local vibration under the excitation of piezoelectric wafer active sensors. Finite-element-method-based numerical simulations and experimental measurements were performed to quantify the size, shape, and depth of the delaminations. Two composite plates with purpose-built delaminations of different sizes and depths were analyzed. In the experiments, ultrasonic C-scan was applied to visualize the simulated delaminations. In this methodology, piezoelectric wafer active sensors were used for the high-frequency excitation with a linear sine wave chirp from 1 to 500 kHz and a scanning laser Doppler …

“That Looks Like Me Or Something I Can Do”: Affordances And Constraints In The Online Identity Work Of Us Lgbtq+ Millennials, Vanessa Kitzie

Faculty Publications

This article examines how search engines and social networking sites enable and constrain the identity-related information practices of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,and queer (LGBTQ+) millennials in the United States.

Moderating Effect Of The Neighborhood Physical Activity Environment On The Relation Between Psychosocial Factors And Physical Activity In Children: A Longitudinal Study, Natalie Colabianchi, Morgan N. Clennin, Marsha Dowda, Kerry L. Mciver, Rod K. Dishman, Dwayne E. Porter, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background Few studies have examined the moderating role of neighbourhood environments on the relation between psychosocial factors and physical activity, and results of these studies are mixed. This study examined this relationship in 636 fifth to seventh graders from South Carolina, USA.

Methods From 2010 to 2013, children and their parent/guardian completed annual self-reported surveys assessing psychosocial factors, and children wore accelerometers for 1 week each year. Neighbourhood environments were classified as supportive or non-supportive for physical activity (PA) based on in-person audits of facilities near children’s homes and windshield surveys of children’s streets. Growth curve analyses were completed to …

Branch Elongation And Formation Of New Stem Units As Influenced By Reductions In Leaf Photosynthetic Capacity, Shannon D. Kidombo, Thomas J. Dean

Faculty Publications

Leaf area is the primary site for photosynthesis in plants and therefore has a controlling effect on tree growth. Elongation of shoots and formation of stem units on stressed branches were investigated using a series of defoliation and shade treatments. The initial diameter and length of the branch in addition to the modifying effect of treatments on leaf area were used to assess elongation of the terminal bud. Results indicate that elongation of branch terminal shoots was significantly reduced by defoliation or shading of previous years' foliage. The number of new fascicles in the second year of growth after treatment …

Mycoprotein: The Future Of Nutritious Nonmeat Protein, A Symposium Review, Tim Finnigan, Benjamin Wall, Peter Wilde, Francis Stephens, Steve Taylor, Marjorie Freedman

Faculty Publications

Mycoprotein is an alternative, nutritious protein source with a meat-like texture made from Fusarium venenatum, a naturally occurring fungus. Its unique method of production yields a significantly reduced carbon and water footprint relative to beef and chicken. Mycoprotein, sold as Quorn, is consumed in 17 countries, including the United States. In line with current dietary guidelines, mycoprotein is high in protein and fiber, and low in fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar. Mycoprotein may help maintain healthy blood cholesterol levels, promote muscle synthesis, control glucose and insulin levels, and increase satiety. It is possible that some susceptible consumers will become …

Linking Water Quality To Aedes Aegypti And Zika In Flood-Prone Neighborhoods, Rebeca De Jesus Crespo

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Medicaid Coverage Expansion Under The Affordable Care Act On Mammography And Pap Tests Utilization Among Low-Income Women, Abeer G. Alharbi, M. Mahmud Khan, Ronnie Horner, Heather M. Brandt, Cole Garrett Chapman

Faculty Publications

Introduction The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded the coverage of Medicaid to include entire population with income below 138% of federal poverty line. It remains unclear whether this policy change has improved access to and utilization of health care, particularly use of mammography and Pap tests among poor women.

Methods We used a difference-in-difference (DID) design to estimate the impact of Medicaid expansion on mammography and Pap tests utilization among low-income women. Expansion states are the treatment group and non-expansion states are the control group. The years 2012–13 are the pre-expansion period and 2015–16 are the post-expansion period for the …

Impact Of Removing Cost Sharing Under The Affordable Care Act (Aca) On Mammography And Pap Test Use, Abeer Alharbi, M. Mahmud Khan, Ronnie Horner, Heather M. Brandt, Cole Garrett Chapman

Faculty Publications

Background The Affordable Care Act (ACA) required private insurers and Medicare to cover recommended preventive services without any cost sharing to improve utilization of these services. This study is an attempt to identify the impact of removing cost sharing on mammography and pap test utilization rates.

Methods Counterfactual analysis was used to predict what would have been the screening rates in post-ACA if ACA was not there. This was done by estimating a model that examines determinants of dependent variable for the pre-ACA year (pre-ACA year is 2009). The estimated model was then used to predict the dependent variable for …

A Trust-Based Formal Model For Fault Detection In Wireless Sensor Networks, Na Wang, Jiacun Wang, Xuemin Chen

Faculty Publications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to failures and malicious attacks. Trust evaluation is becoming a new method for fault detection in WSNs. In our previous work, a comprehensive trust model based on multi-factors was introduced for fault detection. This model was validated by simulating. However, it needs to be redeployed when adjustment to network parameters is made. To address the redeployment issue, we propose a Trust-based Formal Model (TFM) that can describe the fault detection process and check faults without simulating and running a WSN. This model derives from Petri nets with the characteristics of time, weight, and threshold. …

The Distribution Of Sea-Salt Aerosol In The Global Troposphere, Daniel M. Murphy, Karl D. Froyd, Huisheng Bian, Charles A. Brock, Jack E. Dibb, Joshua P. Digangi, Glenn Diskin, Maximilian Dollner, Agnieszka Kupc, Eric M. Scheuer, Gregory P. Schill, Bernadett Weinzierl, Christina J. Williamson, Pengfei Yu

Faculty Publications

We present the first data on the concentration of sea-salt aerosol throughout most of the depth of the troposphere and over a wide range of latitudes, which were obtained during the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. Sea-salt concentrations in the upper troposphere are very small, usually less than 10 ng per standard m3 (about 10 parts per trillion by mass) and often less than 1 ng m−3. This puts stringent limits on the contribution of sea-salt aerosol to halogen and nitric acid chemistry in the upper troposphere. Within broad regions the concentration of sea-salt aerosol is roughly proportional to water vapor, …

Reevaluating School Searches Following School-To-Prison Pipeline Reforms, Josh Gupta-Kagan

Faculty Publications

The Supreme Court held in New Jersey v. T.L.O. that school officials could search students without a warrant and with only reasonable suspicion, not probable cause, because of schools’ need for discipline and the relationship between educators and students. That case belongs to a body of Fourth Amendment cases involving, in T.L.O.’s terms, “special needs, beyond the normal need for law enforcement.” What Fourth Amendment standard, then, governs searches involving one of the roughly 20,000 school resource officers (SROs) in American schools? Most state courts to decide the issue ruled in the 1990s and 2000s that T.L.O. applied to SRO-involved …

Amplification Dynamics Of Platy-1 Retrotransposons In The Cebidae Platyrrhine Lineage, Jessica M. Storer, Jackson R. Mierl, Sarah A. Brantley, Breanna Threeton, Yahor Sukharutski, Lydia C. Rewerts, Corey P. St Romain, Madeline M. Foreman, Jasmine N. Baker, Jerilyn A. Walker, Joseph D. Orkin, Amanda D. Melin, Kimberley A. Phillips, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. Platy-1 elements are Platyrrhine-specific, short interspersed elements originally discovered in the Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) genome. To date,only themarmoset genomehas been analyzed for Platy-1 repeat content.Here,we report full-length Platy-1 insertions in other NewWorld monkey (NWM) genomes (Saimiri boliviensis, squirrel monkey; Cebus imitator, capuchin monkey; and Aotus nancymaae, owl monkey) and analyze the amplification dynamics of lineage-specific Platy-1 insertions. A relatively small number of full-length and lineage-specific Platy-1 elements were found in the squirrel, capuchin, and owl monkey genomes compared with the …

Temperature-Dependent Development And Host Range Of Crapemyrtle Bark Scale, Acanthococcus Lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), Zinan Wang, Yan Chen, Rodrigo Diaz

Faculty Publications

© 2019 Florida Entomological Society. All rights reserved. The crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is an invasive pest of crapemyrtles, Lagerstroemia spp. L. (Lythraceae) in the southeastern USA. Information about its temperature-dependent development and host range is limited. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of temperature on the immature development of A. lagerstroemiae, and to determine plant species suitable for immature development and reproduction. Developmental time and survival of eggs were evaluated at 7 constant temperatures from 17.5 to 32 °C, and of nymphs at 20, 25, and 30 °C. Results suggested that …

Trademarks & The First Amendment After Matal V. Tam, Gary Myers

Faculty Publications

The United States Supreme Court's unanimous ruling in Mata! v. Tam is a landmark decision regarding the intersection between free speech and trademark law. Addressing whether trademarks can legitimately be barred from federal trademark protection under the Lanham Act based solely on their possible disparaging content, the litigation involving an Asian-American band that sought to register the name, "The Slants," brought this important interplay into stark relief. Writing in bold strokes, Justice Alito's opinion holds that the Lanham Act's prohibition on disparaging marks, 15 U.S.C. §1052(a), violates the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. "It offends a bedrock First …

A Baker's Dozen Of Top Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention Publications In 2017, Daniel B. Chastain, David B. Cluck, Kayla R. Stover, Katherine T. Lusardi, Ashley Marx, Sarah Green, Carmen Faulkner-Fennell, Michelle Turner, Elias B. Chahine, P Brandon Bookstaver, Christopher M. Bland

Faculty Publications

With an increasing number of antimicrobial stewardship-related articles published each year, attempting to stay current is challenging. The Southeastern Research Group Endeavor (SERGE-45) identified antimicrobial stewardship-related peer-reviewed literature that detailed an "actionable" intervention for 2017. The top 13 publications were selected using a modified Delphi technique. These manuscripts were reviewed to highlight the "actionable" intervention used by antimicrobial stewardship programs to provide key stewardship literature for training and teaching and identify potential intervention opportunities within their institutions.

Proximal Tubular Cell–Specific Ablation Of Carnitine Acetyltransferase Causes Tubular Disease And Secondary Glomerulosclerosis, Claudia Kruger, Trang Tiffany Nguyen, Chelsea Breaux, Alana Guillory, Margaret Mangelli, Kevin T. Fridianto, Jean Paul Kovalik, David H. Burk, Robert C. Noland, Randall Mynatt, Krisztian Stadler

Faculty Publications

© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association. Proximal tubular epithelial cells are highly energy demanding. Their energy need is covered mostly from mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Whether derailments in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are forerunners of tubular damage has been suggested but is not entirely clear. Here we modeled mitochondrial overload by creating mice lacking the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) in the proximal tubules, thus limiting a primary mechanism to export carbons under conditions of substrate excess. Mice developed tubular disease and, interestingly, secondary glomerulosclerosis. This was accompanied by increased levels of apoptosis regulator and fibrosis markers, increased …

Multi-Ancestry Genome-Wide Gene–Smoking Interaction Study Of 387,272 Individuals Identifies New Loci Associated With Serum Lipids, Amy R. Bentley, Yun J. Sung, Michael R. Brown, Thomas W. Winkler, Aldi T. Kraja, Ioanna Ntalla, Karen Schwander, Daniel I. Chasman, Elise Lim, Xuan Deng, Xiuqing Guo, Jingmin Liu, Yingchang Lu, Ching Yu Cheng, Xueling Sim, Dina Vojinovic, Jennifer E. Huffman, Solomon K. Musani, Changwei Li, Mary F. Feitosa, Melissa A. Richard, Raymond Noordam, Jenna Baker, Guanjie Chen, Hugues Aschard, Traci M. Bartz, Jingzhong Ding, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Alisa K. Manning, Tuomo Rankinen, Albert V. Smith, Salman M. Tajuddin, Wei Zhao

Faculty Publications

The concentrations of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are influenced by smoking, but it is unknown whether genetic associations with lipids may be modified by smoking. We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study in 133,805 individuals with follow-up in an additional 253,467 individuals. Combined meta-analyses identified 13 new loci associated with lipids, some of which were detected only because association differed by smoking status. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of including diverse populations, particularly in studies of interactions with lifestyle factors, where genomic and lifestyle differences by ancestry may contribute to novel findings.

“Maximum Tolerated Dose” Vs “Fixed Low-Dose” Hydroxyurea For Treatment Of Adults With Sickle Cell Anemia, Titilola S. Akingbola, Bamidele O. Tayo, Chinedu A. Ezekekwu, Omowunmi Sonubi, Xu Zhang, Santosh L. Saraf, Robert Molokie, Lewis L. Hsu, Jin Han, Richard S. Cooper, Victor R. Gordeuk

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Amplification Dynamics Of Platy-1 Retrotransposons In The Cebidae Platyrrhine Lineage, Mark A. Batzer, Jessica M. Storer, Jackson R. Mierl, Sarah A. Brantley

Faculty Publications

Platy-1 elements are Platyrrhine-specific, short interspersed elements originally discovered in the Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) genome. To date, only the marmoset genome has been analyzed for Platy-1 repeat content. Here, we report full-length Platy-1 insertions in other New World monkey (NWM) genomes (Saimiri boliviensis, squirrel monkey; Cebus imitator, capuchin monkey; and Aotus nancymaae, owl monkey) and analyze the amplification dynamics of lineage-specific Platy-1 insertions. A relatively small number of full-length and lineage-specific Platy-1 elements were found in the squirrel, capuchin, and owl monkey genomes compared with the marmoset genome. In addition, only a few older Platy-1 subfamilies were recovered in …

Differentiation Of Surface Water And Groundwater In A Karst System Using Anthropogenic Signatures, Joe Honings

Faculty Publications

Surface water-groundwater interaction within a karstic system enhances contaminant transport, making karst aquifers susceptible to anthropogenic practices. Contaminated waters related to agricultural and animal husbandry in northwestern Illinois (USA) prompted this investigation. Six streams and five springs were sampled for 16 parameters to assess anthropogenic influences. Statistical analyses revealed differences in 13 of 16 parameters between the stream and spring waters. Rock-water interaction was identified as the dominant mechanism defining the chemistry for both waters, which were classified as Ca-Mg HCO3. Elevated nitrate as nitrogen (NO3-N), chloride (Cl-), sodium, and potassium concentrations indicate that human activities have influenced the quality …

Retrieval-Based Word Learning In Young Typically Developing Children And Children With Developmental Language Disorder I: The Benefits Of Repeated Retrieval, Laurence B. Leonard, Jeffrey Karpicke, Patricia Deevy, Christine Weber, Sharon Christ, Eileen Haebig, Sofía Souto, Justin B. Kueser, Windi Krok

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Scholars have long noted that retention improves significantly when learners frequently test themselves on the new material rather than engage in continuous study with no intermittent testing. In this study, we apply the notion of repeated testing or retrieval to the process of word learning in preschool-age children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD). Method: Novel words and their meanings were taught to 10 children with DLD and 10 typically developing (TD) children matched on age (DLD, M = 63.4 months; TD, M = 63.2 months). Recall was assessed immediately after the 2nd learning session and then again …

Retrieval-Based Word Learning In Young Typically Developing Children And Children With Development Language Disorder Ii: A Comparison Of Retrieval Schedules, Eileen Haebig, Laurence B. Leonard, Patricia Deevy, Jeffrey Karpicke, Sharon L. Christ, Evan Usler, Justin B. Kueser, Sofía Souto, Windi Krok, Christine Weber

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Retrieval practice has been found to be a powerful strategy to enhance long-term retention of new information; however, the utility of retrieval practice when teaching young children new words is largely unknown, and even less is known for young children with language impairments. The current study examined the effect of 2 different retrieval schedules on word learning at both the behavioral and neural levels. Method: Participants included 16 typically developing children (MTD = 61.58 months) and 16 children with developmental language disorder (MDLD = 59.60 months). Children participated in novel word learning sessions in which the spacing of retrieval …

Evaluation Of Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis For The Assessment Of Body Composition In Individuals With Obesity, P. A. Sullivan, C. D. Still, S. T. Jamieson, C. B. Dixon, B. A. Irving, J. L. Andreacci

Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare body composition measurements estimated by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) with air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in individuals with obesity. Methods: Bariatric patients were recruited from Geisinger's Center for Nutrition and Weight Management Clinic in Danville, Pennsylvania. Sixty-two participants (age = 52.4 ± 9.3 years; body mass index = 38.9 ± 8.0 kg m−2) reported for a same-day testing visit. Body composition was measured using a common MF-BIA analyzer (InBody 720, Biospace Co., Beverly Hills, CA) and ADP. Results: Strong relationships were observed between MF-BIA and ADP methods (r = 0.88–0.96, P < 0.001). There were no differences between MF-BIA and ADP measures of per cent body fat, fat mass or fat-free mass for the total sample or when examined by gender. Conclusions: The InBody 720 MF-BIA analyzer produced body composition measurements that were similar to ADP supporting the use of this technology in the obese population.

An Effective Model For Engaging Faculty And Undergraduate Students In Neuroscience Outreach With Middle Schoolers, Peter J. Vollbrecht, Riley S. Frenette, Andrew J. Gall

Faculty Publications

Engaging undergraduate students in science outreach events is critical for improving future communication between scientists and community members. Outreach events are opportunities for faculty and undergraduates to utilize active learning strategies to engage non-scientists in scientific questions and principles. Through careful design of outreach events, undergraduate students can practice science communication skills while reaching populations of the public that remain underserved and underrepresented in scientific fields. Here we describe a classroom outreach event designed to give a broad overview of the field of neuroscience to middle school students of all backgrounds by delivering the content in school, during school hours. …

Flux Of Inorganic Carbon As Dissolved, Suspended, And Bed Loads Through A Karstic Basin, Randall Paylor, Carol Wicks

Faculty Publications

© 2019 by the authors. Most studies of carbonate bedrock weathering have focused on the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux while dismissing particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) as insignificant. However, under certain flow conditions PIC flux may be an important term in carbonate weathering. In this study, the total inorganic carbon (TIC) flux was calculated in a fluviokarst basin. Water samples and in situ data loggers were used to determine suspended sediment concentration and water chemistry. The mass of PIC within suspended sediments was quantified by cation/anion analysis of dual filtered/unfiltered samples. The flux of bed load material was calculated via …

The Relationship Between Social Anxiety And Alcohol And Marijuana Use Outcomes Among Concurrent Users: A Motivational Model Of Substance Use, Margo C. Villarosa-Hurlocker, Adrian J. Bravo, Matthew R. Pearson, Protective Strategies Study Team

Faculty Publications

Background: College students with more social anxiety symptoms are particularly vulnerable to problematic alcohol and marijuana use given their susceptibility for elevated anxiety symptoms in social settings combined with the normative nature of substance use. Existing research has established substance use as coping motivated for these students when examining alcohol and marijuana use problems separately. The next step is to determine whether students with more social anxiety who use both substances do so for similar or different reasons. The current study tested a comprehensive (i.e., all variables in the same model) motivational model of alcohol/marijuana use in a sample …

Too Much Workplace Sitting: A Brief Historical Perspective, Raymond Jones, Daniel P. Credeur, Stephanie M. Mccoy

Faculty Publications

Sedentary behavior is a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases, especially those of cardiovascular and metabolic origins. Prolonged sitting is one of the most common sedentary behaviors among adults. Individuals sit for hours every day for several reasons, including work and or physical limitations. Historical accounts regarding the negative health effects of prolonged sitting began with early epidemiological studies, which sparked a breakout of research examining this behavior in the workplace setting. Understanding the risks associated with prolonged workplace sitting is important when considering workplace interventions, such as sit-stand workstations. These interventions appear to be beneficial in reducing …