Digital Commons Network^™

Independent Contributions Of Structural And Functional Connectivity: Evidence From A Stroke Model, Lynsey M. Keator, Grigori Yourganov, Alexandra Basilakos, Argye E. Hillis, Gregory Hickok, Leonardo Bonilha, Chris Rorden, Julius Fridriksson

Faculty Publications

Altered functional connectivity is related to severity of language impairment in poststroke aphasia. However, it is not clear whether this finding specifically reflects loss of functional coherence, or more generally, is related to decreased structural connectivity due to cortical necrosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate this issue by factoring out structural connectivity from functional connectivity measures and then relating the residual data to language performance poststroke. Ninety-seven participants with a history of stroke were assessed using language impairment measures (Auditory Verbal Comprehension and Spontaneous Speech scores from the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised) and MRI (structural, diffusion tensor …

Adaptation Of The Agency For Healthcare Research And Quality’S ‘Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture’ To The Bosnia And Herzegovina Context, Šehad Draganović, Guido Offermanns, Rachel E. Davis

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: Measuring staff perspectives on patient safety culture (PSC) can identify areas of concern that, if addressed, could lead to improvements in healthcare. To date, there is no validated measure to assess PSC that has been tested and adapted for use in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). This research addresses the gap in the evidence through the psychometric assessment of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's: 'Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture' (HSOPSC), to determine its suitability for the health system in BiH. SETTING: Nine hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Healthcare professionals (n=1429); nurse (n=823), doctors (n=328), other clinical personnel (n=111), non-clinical personnel …

Racism As Public Health Crisis: Assessment And Review Of Municipal Declarations And Resolutions Across The United States, Dara D. Mendez, Jewel Scott Phd, Rn, Fnp-C, Linda Adodoadji, Christina Toval, Monica Mcneil, Mahima Sindhu

Faculty Publications

Racism in the United States has been cited as a key driver of racial health inequities. Racism as a public health crisis has been in the forefront, particularly with respect to state and municipal governments that have developed legislation, resolutions, and declarations. This policy brief includes a review of resolutions and declarations across the US related to Racism as a Public Health Crisis through the end of September 2020. There were 125 resolutions reviewed for content related to the history of racism, reference to racial health equity data, content related to action steps or implementation, and any accompanying funding or …

Racism As Public Health Crisis: Assessment And Review Of Municipal Declarations And Resolutions Across The United States, Dara D. Mendez, Jewel Scott Phd, Rn, Fnp-C, Linda Adodoadji, Christina Toval, Monica Mcneil, Mahima Sindhu

Faculty Publications

Racism in the United States has been cited as a key driver of racial health inequities. Racism as a public health crisis has been in the forefront, particularly with respect to state and municipal governments that have developed legislation, resolutions, and declarations. This policy brief includes a review of resolutions and declarations across the US related to Racism as a Public Health Crisis through the end of September 2020. There were 125 resolutions reviewed for content related to the history of racism, reference to racial health equity data, content related to action steps or implementation, and any accompanying funding or …

Normalization Of Muscle Strength Measurements In The Assessment Of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors In Adolescents, Tiago Rodrigues De Lima, Xuemei Sui M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., Diego Augusto Santos Silva

Faculty Publications

Muscle strength (MS) has been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMR) in adolescents, however, the impact attributed to body size in determining muscle strength or whether body size acts as a confounder in this relationship remains controversial. We investigated the association between absolute MS and MS normalized for body size with CMR in adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study comprising 351 adolescents (44.4% male; 16.6 ± 1.0 years) from Brazil. MS was assessed by handgrip and normalized for body weight, body mass index (BMI), height, and fat mass. CMR included obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, glucose imbalance, and high inflammation …

Water Insecurity Is Associated With Lack Of Viral Suppression And Greater Odds Of Aids-Defining Illnesses Among Adults With Hiv In Western Kenya, Jason M. Nagata, Joshua D. Miller, Craig R. Cohen, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Elly Weke, Rachel Burger, Pauline Wekesa, Lila A. Sheira, A Rain Mocello, Phelgona Otieno, Lisa M. Butler, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Sheri D. Weiser, Sera L. Young

Faculty Publications

Reliable access to safe and acceptable water in sufficient quantities (i.e., water security) is important for medication adherence and limiting pathogen exposure, yet prior studies have only considered the role of food security as a social determinant of HIV-related health. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to assess the relationships between household water insecurity and HIV-related outcomes among adults living with HIV in western Kenya (N = 716). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from Shamba Maisha (NCT02815579), a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multisectoral agricultural and asset loan intervention. Baseline data were collected from June …

Covid-19 Protocols In Academic Libraries In Canada And The United States: An Acrl Val Report, Holt Zaugg, Jeffrey Bullington, Stephanie Farne, Beate Gersch, Jo Ann Murphy, Lamonica Sanford

Faculty Publications

In the Fall of 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic raged throughout the world, educational institutions pivoted to online learning and supporting services, especially those found in academic libraries, adjusted. To better understand measures taken by academic libraries in Canada and the United States, the Association of College & Research Libraries’ (ACRL) Value of Academic Libraries (VAL) committee formed a subcommittee to examine how academic libraries adjusted and provided services to their respective institutions during COVID-19 pandemic. This report is the culmination of this examination.

Measuring Routine Childhood Vaccination Coverage In 204 Countries And Territories, 1980–2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2020, Release 1, Natalie C. Galles, Patrick Y. Liu, Rachel L. Updike, Nancy Fullman, Jason Nguyen, Sam Rolfe, Ismaeel Yunusa, Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

Methods

Covid-19 Disrupted Provision And Utilization Of Health And Nutrition Services In Uttar Pradesh, India: Insights From Service Providers, Household Phone Surveys, And Administrative Data, Phuong H. Nguyen, Shivani Kachwaha, Anjali Pant, Lan M. Tran, Monika Walia, Sebanti Ghosh, Praveen K. Sharma, Jessica Escobar-Alegria, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Purnima Menon, Rasmi Avula

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may substantially affect health systems, but little primary evidence is available on disruption of health and nutrition services. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to 1) determine the extent of disruption in provision and utilization of health and nutrition services induced by the pandemic in Uttar Pradesh, India; and 2) identify how adaptations were made to restore service provision in response to the pandemic. METHODS: We conducted longitudinal surveys with frontline workers (FLWs, n = 313) and mothers of children < 2 y old (n = 659) in December 2019 (in-person) and July 2020 (by phone). We also interviewed block-level managers and obtained administrative data. We examined changes in service provision and utilization using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Compared with prepandemic, service provision reduced substantially during lockdown (83-98 percentage points, pp), except for home visits and take-home rations (∼ 30%). Most FLWs (68%-90%) restored service provision in July 2020, except for immunization and hot cooked meals (< 10%). Administrative data showed similar patterns of disruption and restoration. FLW fears, increased workload, inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE), and manpower shortages challenged service provision. Key adaptations made to provide services were delivering services to beneficiary homes (∼ 40%-90%), social distancing (80%), and using PPE (40%-50%) and telephones for communication (∼ 20%). On the demand side, service utilization reduced substantially (40-80 pp) during the lockdown, but about half of mothers received home visits and food supplementation. Utilization for most services did not improve after the lockdown, bearing the challenges of limited travel (30%), nonavailability of services (26%), and fear of catching the virus when leaving the house (22%) or meeting service providers (14%). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 disrupted the provision and use of health and nutrition services in Uttar Pradesh, India, despite adaptations to restore services. Strengthening logistical support, capacity enhancement, performance management, and demand creation are needed to improve service provision and utilization during and post-COVID-19.

An Assessment Of Government Capacity Building To Restrict The Marketing Of Unhealthy Food And Non-Alcoholic Beverage Products To Children In The Region Of The Americas, Sofía Rincón-Gallardo Patiño, Fabio Da Silva Gomes, Steven Constantinou, Robin Lemaire, Valisa E. Hedrick, Elena L. Serrano, Vivica I. Kraak

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparative Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability, And Effectiveness Of Antipsychotics In The Treatment Of Dementia-Related Psychosis (Drp): A Systematic Literature Review, Ismaeel Yunusa, N. Rashid, V. Abler, Krithika Rajagopalan

Faculty Publications

Objectives

To evaluate the comparative efficacy, safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) for the treatment of dementia related psychosis (DRP) in older adults.

Methods

In this systematic literature review (SLR), we qualitatively synthesized evidence on the comparative efficacy (based on neuropsychiatric inventory), tolerability (weight gain), and safety (cerebrovascular adverse events [CVAE], cardiovascular events, mortality, somnolence, extrapyramidal symptoms [EPS]) of AAPs used to treat DRP. We also assessed effectiveness based on all-cause discontinuations and discontinuations due to lack of efficacy or adverse events (AE). Published articles from through March 2021 from PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases evaluated. We …

Odt Flow: Extracting, Analyzing, And Sharing Multi-Source Multi-Scale Human Mobility, Zhenlong Li, Xiao Huang, Tao Hu, Huan Ning, Xinyue Ye, Binghu Huang, Xiaoming Li

Faculty Publications

In response to the soaring needs of human mobility data, especially during disaster events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated big data challenges, we develop a scalable online platform for extracting, analyzing, and sharing multi-source multi-scale human mobility flows. Within the platform, an origin-destination-time (ODT) data model is proposed to work with scalable query engines to handle heterogenous mobility data in large volumes with extensive spatial coverage, which allows for efficient extraction, query, and aggregation of billion-level origin-destination (OD) flows in parallel at the server-side. An interactive spatial web portal, ODT Flow Explorer, is developed to allow users …

Individualized Response To Semantic Versus Phonological Aphasia Therapies In Stroke, Sigfus Kristinsson, Alexandra Basilakos, Jordan Elm, Leigh Ann Spell, Leonardo Bonilha, Chris Rorden, Dirk Den Ouden Ph.D., Christy Cassarly, Souvik Sen, Argye Hillis, Gregory Hickok, Julius Fridriksson Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Attempts to personalize aphasia treatment to the extent where it is possible to reliably predict individual response to a particular treatment have yielded inconclusive results. The current study aimed to (i) compare the effects of phonologically versus semantically focussed naming treatment and (ii) examine biographical and neuropsychological baseline factors predictive of response to each treatment. One hundred and four individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia underwent 3 weeks of phonologically focussed treatment and 3 weeks of semantically focussed treatment in an unblinded cross-over design. A linear mixed-effects model was used to compare the effects of treatment type on proportional change in …

“Covid-19 Hospital Isolation Affects More Than Just The Sick”, Lisa M. Tillmann Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

The author faces total hip replacement amid COVID-19 restrictions, politics, and disinformation.

Spatial Disparities Of Covid-19 Cases And Fatalities In United States Counties, Sarah L. Jackson, Sahar Derakhshan, Leah Blackwood, Logan Lee, Qian Huang, Margot Habets, Susan L. Cutter

Faculty Publications

This paper examines the spatial and temporal trends in county-level COVID-19 cases and fatalities in the United States during the first year of the pandemic (January 2020–January 2021). Statistical and geospatial analyses highlight greater impacts in the Great Plains, Southwestern and Southern regions based on cases and fatalities per 100,000 population. Significant case and fatality spatial clusters were most prevalent between November 2020 and January 2021. Distinct urban–rural differences in COVID-19 experiences uncovered higher rural cases and fatalities per 100,000 population and fewer government mitigation actions enacted in rural counties. High levels of social vulnerability and the absence of mitigation …

Associations Between Fasting Duration, Timing Of First And Last Meal, And Cardiometabolic Endpoints In The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, Michael David Wirth, Longgang Zhao, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy, Andrew Ortaglia

Faculty Publications

Background: Research indicates potential cardiometabolic benefits of energy consumption earlier in the day. This study examined the association between fasting duration, timing of first and last meals, and cardiometabolic endpoints using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: Cross-sectional data from NHANES (2005–2016) were utilized. Diet was obtained from one to two 24-h dietary recalls to characterize nighttime fasting duration and timing of first and last meal. Blood samples were obtained for characterization of C-reactive protein (CRP); glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c %); insulin; glucose; and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol. Survey design procedures …

12 C(E,E'Pn) Measurements Of Short Range Correlations In The Tensor-To-Scalar Interaction Transition Region, I. Korover, J. R. Pybus, A. Schmidt, F. Hauenstein, M. Duer, O. Hen, E. Piasetzky, L. B. Weinstein, D. W. Higinbotham, S. Adhikari, K. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, Giovanni Angelini, H. Atac, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, A. Beck, I. Bedlinkskiy, Fatiha Benmokhtar, Steffen Strauch, Ralf W. Gothe, Krishna Chandra Neupane, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

High-momentum configurations of nucleon pairs at short-distance are probed using measurements of the C-12(e, e' p) and C-12(e, e' pN) reactions (where N is either n or p), at high-Q(2) and x(B) > 1.1. The data span a missing-momentum range of 300-1000 MeV/c and are predominantly sensitive to the transition region of the strong nuclear interaction from a Tensor to Scalar interaction. The data are well reproduced by theoretical calculations using the Generalized Contact Formalism with both chiral and phenomenological nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction models. This agreement suggests that the measured high missing-momentum protons up to 1000 MeV/c predominantly belong to short-ranged …

Factors Influencing Physicians’ Continuous Blogging: A Survey, I. Chiu Chang, Kuei Chen Cheng, Hui Mei Hsu, David C. Yen

Faculty Publications

Background: Health information can be more easily transmitted and diffused through the Internet, but questionable online health information often misinforms patients. Physicians have a duty to inform patients how to achieve positive health outcomes. Many physicians often write blogs to provide patients with the right health information. However, most articles available on this sub-ject only describe the blog phenomena without providing a theoretical background and an empirical analysis of doctors using blogs. Methods: This study based on social cognitive theory (SCT) explores the factors influencing physicians’ intention of continuously blogging. A total of 887 physician blog-gers were invited to participate …

The Role Of Dnd1 In Cancers, Yun Zhang, Jyotsna D. Godavarthi, Abie Williams-Villalobo, Shahrazad Polk, Angabin Matin

Faculty Publications

The Ter mutation in Dead-End 1 (Dnd1), Dnd1Ter, which leads to a premature stop codon, has been determined to be the cause for primordial germ cell deficiency, accompanied with a high incidence of congenital testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) or teratomas in the 129/Sv-Ter mice. As an RNA-binding protein, DND1 can bind the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of mRNAs and function in translational regulation. DND1 can block microRNA (miRNA) access to the 3′-UTR of target mRNAs, thus inhibiting miRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and up-regulating translation or can also function to degrade or repress mRNAs. Other mechanisms of DND1 activity include promoting translation …

Probiotics In Prevention And Treatment Of Covid-19: Current Perspective And Future Prospects, Shilia Jacob Kurian, Mazhuvancherry Kesavan Unnikrishnan, Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Debasis Bagchi, Mithu Banerjee, B. Shrikar Reddy, Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues, Mohan K. Manu, Kavitha Saravu, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Mahadev Rao

Faculty Publications

Saving lives and flattening the curve are the foremost priorities during the ongoing pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2. Developing cutting-edge technology and collating available evidence would support frontline health teams. Nutritional adequacy improves general health and immunity to prevent and assuage infections. This review aims to outline the potential role of probiotics in fighting the COVID-19 by covering recent evidence on the association between microbiota, probiotics, and COVID-19, the role of probiotics as an immune-modulator and antiviral agent. The high basic reproduction number (R0) of SARS-CoV-2, absence of conclusive remedies, and the pleiotropic effect of probiotics in fighting influenza and other …

Spatiotemporal Trends And Variability In The Centroid Of The Northern Hemisphere's Circumpolar Vortex, Nazla Bushra, Robert V. Rohli

Faculty Publications

Recent previous research has established the "sharpest gradient" approach to defining the circumpolar vortex and has identified correlations of the area and circularity of the Northern Hemisphere's circumpolar vortex (NHCPV) to important atmospheric-oceanic teleconnections. However, because geographical shifts in the NHCPV, independent of area or circularity changes, could affect surface environmental conditions, this research addresses the question of the extent to which the NHCPV centroid undergoes such shifts, both intra- and inter-annually. Results show that during the 1979-2017 period, the centroid has moved less on a daily basis in more recent years, perhaps indicative of a stabilization in circulation, with …

Uv Radiation Increases Mortality And Decreases The Antioxidant Activity In A Tephritid Fly, Hongying Cui, Yiying Zeng, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Feng Gao, Zhihong Li, Zihua Zhao

Faculty Publications

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been widely used to monitor insects and conduct surface sterilizations at 365 nm and 254 nm wavelengths, respectively. The global increase in the use of UV light has raised concerns about environmental impacts and effects on non-target organisms. We, therefore, examined the effects of three UV radiation wavelengths (365 nm, 308 nm and 254 nm) on the survival and antioxidant activities of a tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. Exposure to UV radiation significantly increased B. dorsalis cohort mortality and the duration of pre-oviposition. Moreover, the application of UV-B and UV-C significantly decreased egg laying. The activities …

Effect Of Disclosed Information On Product Liking, Emotional Profile, And Purchase Intent: A Case Of Chocolate Brownies Containing Edible-Cricket Protein, Cristhiam E. Gurdian, Damir D. Torrico, Bin Li, Georgianna Tuuri, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Faculty Publications

Edible insects, a sustainable and nutritious alternative to conventionally derived proteins, are unfamiliar to Westerners and often associated with negative sentiments. Edible-cricket protein (ECP) added to chocolate brownies (CB) [0% ECP = CBWO (without) vs. 6% w/w ECP = CBW (with)], and disclosed information [no ECP added = (−) vs. ECP with benefits = (+), ECP− and ECP+, respectively] yielded four CB treatments (CBWO−, CBWO+, CBW−, and CBW+). Subjects (n = 112 female and n = 98 male) rated liking, selected emotions before-and after-tasting, and determined consumption (CI) and purchase intent (PI) after tasting. Likings were analyzed with mixed-effects ANOVA …

Gain-Of-Function Polymorphisms In Human Inflammasomes: Implications For Cystic Fibrosis, Duane Jeansonne, Samithamby Jeyaseelan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Neural Underpinnings Of Processing Newly Taught Semantic Information: The Role Of Retrieval Practice, Eileen Haebig, Laurence B. Leonard, Patricia Deevy, Jennifer Schumaker, Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Christine Weber

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Recent behavioral studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of implementing retrieval practice into learning tasks for children. Such approaches have revealed that repeated spaced retrieval (RSR) is particularly effective in promoting children’s learning of word form and meaning information. This study further examines how retrieval practice enhances learning of word meaning information at the behavioral and neural levels. Method: Twenty typically developing preschool children were taught novel words using an RSR learning schedule for some words and an immediate retrieval (IR) learning schedule for other words. In addition to the label, children were taught two arbitrary semantic features for each …

Range-Wide Population Genetic Analysis Of Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza Maritima) Supports At Least Five Distinct Population Segments That Do Not Align With Current Subspecies Descriptions, Kathryn E.C. Davis, Amie E. Settlecowski, Mackenzie R. Roeder, Carolyn Enloe, Thomas Virzi, Margaret E. Hunter, Stefan Woltmann, Sabrina S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

As an obligate salt marsh species, Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima) are vulnerable to numerous threats including climate change, coastal erosion, sea-level rise, and both natural and anthropogenic disasters. Of the 9 recognized subspecies, 2 are extinct and 1 is endangered. Previous genetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite loci showed that current taxonomy does not accurately reflect underlying genetic diversity, with possible consequences for the distribution of conservation resources. To further inform Seaside Sparrow management, we comprehensively describe genetic structure among 24 range-wide sampling locations that include all extant subspecies. We inferred population structure from several thousand single-nucleotide polymorphisms …

Phytosampling—A Supplementary Tool For Particulate Matter (Pm) Speciation Characterization, Chuqi Guo, Farhana Hasan, Dean Lay, Albert Leo N. Dela Cruz, Ajit Ghimire, Slawo M. Lomnicki

Faculty Publications

Ambient air particulate matter (PM) and PM-associated environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been documented to contribute to pollution-related health effects. Studies of ambient air PM potentially bear artifacts stemming from the collection methods. We have investigated the applicability of PM phytosampling (PHS) as a supplementary tool to a classic PM sampler in respect of achieving better PM chemical composition assessment (primarily organic fraction). Phytosampling is a static PM collection method relying on the particle entrapment by the plant’s leaf through electrostatic forces and surface trichomes. We have investigated the differences in the EPFR and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) speciation …

Increased Ploidy Of Butomus Umbellatus In Introduced Populations Is Not Associated With Higher Phenotypic Plasticity To N And P, Nathan E. Harms, James T. Cronin, John F. Gaskin

Faculty Publications

Separate introductions or post-introduction evolution may lead to multiple invader genotypes or cytotypes that differ in growth rates, biomass or chemical profile responses (phenotype) to a range of environments. If the invader has high trait plasticity to a range of resource levels, then sediment N or P enrichment may enhance invasiveness. However, the ways in which ploidy, plasticity, and available N or P interact are unknown for most species despite the potential to explain spread and impacts by invaders with multiple introduced lineages. We conducted a common garden experiment with four triploid and six diploid populations of Butomus umbellatus, collected …

Generalized Deep Learning Eeg Models For Cross-Participant And Cross-Task Detection Of The Vigilance Decrement In Sustained Attention Tasks, Alexander J. Kamrud, Brett J. Borghetti, Christine M. Schubert Kabban, Michael E. Miller

Faculty Publications

Tasks which require sustained attention over a lengthy period of time have been a focal point of cognitive fatigue research for decades, with these tasks including air traffic control, watchkeeping, baggage inspection, and many others. Recent research into physiological markers of mental fatigue indicate that markers exist which extend across all individuals and all types of vigilance tasks. This suggests that it would be possible to build an EEG model which detects these markers and the subsequent vigilance decrement in any task (i.e., a task-generic model) and in any person (i.e., a cross-participant model). However, thus far, no task-generic EEG …

Restoration For A Traumatized World, Katelyn Campbell Weakley, Ingrid Weiss Slikkers

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.