Digital Commons Network^™

Constitutional Gravity: A Unitary Theory Of Alternative Dispute Resolution And Public Civil Justice, Richard C. Reuben

Faculty Publications

Under the traditional bipolar model, civil dispute resolution is generally divided into two spheres: trial, which is public in nature and therefore subject to constitutional due process, and alternative dispute resolution (ADR), which is private in nature and therefore not subject to such constraints. In this article, Professor Richard Reuben proposes a unitary understanding of public civil dispute resolution, one that recognizes that ADR is often energized by state action and thus is constitutionally required to comply with minimal but meaningful due process standards. Depending upon the process, such standards might include the right to an impartial forum, the right …

The Insurer's Right To Reimbursement Of Defense Costs, Robert H. Jerry Ii

Faculty Publications

This Article examines the theoretical justification for the insurer's asserted right to reimbursement of defense costs incurred in defending noncovered claims. Part I sketches some details about the duty to defend which are necessary prerequisites to exploring any claim to a right of reimbursement. Part II discusses the rationale offered by most courts and commentators for recognizing the right to reimbursement: under the law of restitution, the insurer who defends a noncovered claim bestows a benefit on the policyholder which, in justice, ought to be returned. This Part concludes that a reasoned argument can be made in support of the …

Comparability Of Resting Energy Expenditure In Nigerians And U.S. Blacks, Amy Luke, Charles N. Rotimi, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, T. Elaine Prewitt, Lisa Moragne-Kayser, Regina Marders, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Objective: To determine the influence of environmental factors on resting energy expenditure (REE) and its relationship to adiposity in two populations of West African origin, Nigerians and U.S. blacks. Research Methods and Procedures: REE and body composition were measured in a cross-sectional sample of 89 Nigerian adults (39 women and 50 men), and 181 U.S. black adults (117 women and 65 men). Both groups represent randomly selected population samples. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry after an overnight fast in both sites using the same instrument. Body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in 72 Nigerians and 156 …

Correlates Of Blood Pressure In An Urban Zimbabwean Population And Comparison To Other Populations Of African Origin, Jacob Mufunda, L. J. Scott, J. Chifamba, J. Matenga, B. Sparks, R. Cooper, H. Sparks

Faculty Publications

We have evaluated the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, sodium to potassium ratio (Na/K), and tobacco use in an urban African population. We conducted a random, population-based, cross-sectional survey of people 25 years and older in Marondera, Zimbabwe, with over-sampling in older age groups (n = 775), using a method comparable to that used in International Collaborative Study on Hypertension in Blacks (ICSHIB). The age-adjusted prevalences of hypertension in Marondera (SBP ≥140/DBP ≥90/antihypertensive medication) were 30% for women and 21% for men. The average BMI was 26.3 kg/m2 for women and …

Lack Of Association Between A Biallelic Polymorphism In The Adducin Gene And Blood Pressure In Whites And African Americans, Nicholas J. Schork, Aravinda Chakravarti, Bonnie Thiel, Myriam Fornage, Howard J. Jacob, Robin Cai, Charles N. Rotimi, Richard S. Cooper, Alan B. Weder

Faculty Publications

Population-based candidate gene association analyses are becoming increasingly popular as a result of a greater number of genes and gene polymorphisms having been identified for which some functional information is available. Because many biochemical and physiologic systems impact blood pressure regulation and hypertension susceptibility, many of these identified genes and polymorphisms are candidates for population-level association studies involving blood pressure levels or hypertension status. Recent studies have suggested that the α-adducin gene may harbor polymorphisms that influence blood pressure level. Therefore, we embarked on a study to test one such polymorphism in two large US samples: one from an urban …

Localization Of A Small Genomic Region Associated With Elevated Ace, Xiaofeng Zhu, Colin A. Mckenzie, Terrence Forrester, Deborah A. Nickerson, Ulrich Broeckel, Heribert Schunkert, Angela Doering, Howard J. Jacob, Richard S. Cooper, Mark J. Rieder

Faculty Publications

Defining the relationship between multiple polymorphisms in a small genomic region and an underlying quantitative trait locus (QTL) represents a major challenge in human genetics. Pedigree analyses have shown that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) levels are influenced by a QTL located within or close to the ACE gene and most likely resides in the 3' region of this locus. We genotyped seven polymorphisms spanning 13 kb in the 3' end of ACE in 159 Afro-Caribbean subjects to evaluate the linkage disequilibrium between these sites and to narrow the genomic region associated with an elevated ACE level using a cladistic analysis. …

Effect Of Silicon Rate And Host Resistance On Blast, Scald, And Yield Of Upland Price, K. W. Seebold, L. E. Datnoff, F. J. Correa-Victoria, T. A. Kucharek, G. H. Snyder

Faculty Publications

Blast-resistant, partially resistant, and susceptible cultivars of rice were planted in soil amended with Si at 0, 500, or 1,000 kg/ha at two locations in eastern Colombia to assess differential responses to leaf blast, neck blast, and leaf scald, and to examine the quantity and quality of grains harvested. Leaf and neck blast on partially resistant and susceptible cultivars were reduced by Si as the rate of Si was increased. Depending on the location, the level of severity of leaf and neck blast on partially resistant cultivars, when fertilized with Si at 500 or 1,000 kg/ha, was lowered to that …

Are Scientists In Developing Countries Isolated?, W. Shrum, P. Campion

Faculty Publications

Most scholars and development experts assume that scientists in developing countries are isolated, although some posit that they are part of a global scientific community. This paper seeks to determine the size of professional networks for scientists in less developed countries (LDC) as well as the distribution of their ties across organisational contexts and locations. Professional contact networks of scientists in Africa and Asia were determined in personal interviews with 293 researchers in universities, government laboratories and non-governmental organisations. Contrary to expectations, researchers in the least developed countries do not have the smallest networks. Results indicate that: (a) international and …

Acifluorfen Sorption, Degradation, And Mobility In A Mississippi Delta Soil, L. A. Gaston, M. A. Locke

Faculty Publications

Potential surface water and groundwater contaminants include herbicides that are applied postemergence. Although applied to the plant canopy, a portion of any application reaches the soil either directly or via subsequent foliar washoff. This study examined sorption, degradation, and mobility of the postemergence herbicide acifluorfen (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid) in Dundee silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Aeric Ochraqualf) taken from conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) field plots. Homogeneous surface and subsurface samples were used in the sorption and degradation studies; intact soil columns (30 cm long and 10 cm diam.) were used in the mobility study. Batch sorption isotherms were …

Taking Economic Equality Off The Table, Gene R. Nichol

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Public Opinion About Punishment And Corrections, Francis T. Cullen, Bonnie S. Fisher, Brandon K. Applegate

Faculty Publications

"Get tough" control policies in the United States are often portrayed as the reflection of the public's will: Americans are punitive and want offenders locked up. Research from the past decade both reinforces and challenges this assessment. The public clearly accepts, if not prefers, a range of punitive policies (e.g., capital punishment, three-strikes-and-you're-out laws, imprisonment). But support for get-tough policies is "mushy." Thus citizens may be willing to substitute a sentence of life imprisonment without parole for the death penalty. Especially when nonviolent offenders are involved, there is substantial support for intermediate sanctions and for restorative justice. Despite three decades …

Is Malnutrition Declining? An Analysis Of Changes In Levels Of Childhood Malnutrition Since 1980, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Monika Blo¨ Ssner

Faculty Publications

Nutritional status is the best global indicator of well-being in children. Although many surveys of children have been conducted since the 1970s, lack of comparability between them has made it difficult to monitor trends in child malnutrition.

Cross-sectional data from 241 nationally representative surveys were analysed in a standard way to produce comparable results of low height-for-age (stunting). Multilevel modelling was applied to estimate regional and global trends from 1980 to 2005.

The prevalence of stunting has fallen in developing countries from 47% in 1980 to 33% in 2000 (i.e. by 40 million), although progress has been uneven according to …

Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Women, J. David Branch, Russell R. Pate, Sharon P. Bourque

Faculty Publications

Among women, there is an increased prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and less participation in physical activity at levels recommended by the Surgeon General. As a result, women have been identified as a target group in public health initiatives to increase physical activity. The health-related benefits of habitual, moderate intensity physical activity are well documented in the epidemiological literature, but less is known about the effect of such physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness. Our hypothesis was that moderate and vigorous exercise training regimens of similar estimated energy expenditure would result in similar changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Eighteen sedentary premenopausal women with …

Affirmative Action: Necessary For Equality For All Women, Stephanie M. Wildman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

International Institutions, Michael P. Scharf, John Knox, Michelle Mulvena, Chris Potter, Tracy Sund

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of Diffractive Photoproduction Of Vector Mesons At Large Momentum Transfer At Hera, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Search For Contact Interactions In Deep Inelastic E+P → E+X Scattering At Hera, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

In a search for signatures of physics processes beyond the Standard Model, various eeqq vector contact-interaction hypotheses have been tested using the high-Q2 deep inelastic neutral-current e+p scattering data collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 47.7pb-1 of e+p interactions at 300 GeV center-of-mass energy. No significant evidence of a contact-interaction signal has been found. Limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the contact-interaction amplitudes. The effective mass scales Λ corresponding to these limits range from 1.7 TeV to 5 TeV for the contact-interaction scenarios considered.

Measurement Of High-Q2 Charged-Current E+P Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections At Hera, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

The e+p charged-current deep inelastic scattering cross sections, dσ/dQ2 for Q2 between 200 and 60000 GeV2, and dσ/dx and dσ/dy for Q2 > 200 GeV2, have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA. A data sample of 47.7 pb-1, collected at a center-of-mass energy of 300 GeV, has been used. The double-differential cross-section dσ/dQ2 falls by a factor of about 50000 as Q2 increases from 280 to 30000 GeV2. The double differential cross section d2σ/dxdQ2 has also been measured. A comparison between the data and Standard Model (SM) predictions shows that contributions from antiquarks (ū and c̄) and quarks (d …

Angular And Current-Target Correlations In Deep Inelastic Scattering At Hera, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

Correlations between charged particles in deep inelastic e+ p scattering have been studied in the Breit frame with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 6.4pb-1. Short-range correlations are analysed in terms of the angular separation between current-region particles within a cone centred around the virtual photon axis. Long-range correlations between the current and target regions have also been measured. The data support predictions for the scaling behaviour of the angular correlations at high Q2 and for anti-correlations between the current and target regions over a large range in Q2 and in the Bjorken scaling variable x. …

Measurement Of The Spin-Density Matrix Elements In Exclusive Electroproduction Of Ρ0 Mesons At Hera, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

Exclusive electroproduction of ρ0 mesons has been measured using the ZEUS detector at HERA in two Q2 ranges, 0.25 < Q2 < 0.85 GeV2 and 3 < Q2 < 30 GeV2. The low-Q2 data span the range 20 < W < 90 GeV; the high-Q2 data cover the 40 < W < 120 GeV interval. Both samples extend up to four-momentum transfers of |t| = 0.6 GeV2. The distribution in the azimuthal angle between the positron scattering plane and the ρ0 production plane shows a small but significant violation of s-channel helicity conservation, corresponding to the production of longitudinally polarised (i.e. helicity zero) ρ0 mesons from transverse photons. Measurements of the 15 combinations of spin-density matrix elements which completely define the angular distributions are presented and discussed.

Predicting Turnover And Retention In Nursing Home Administrators: Management And Policy Implications, Douglas A. Singh, Robert C. Schwab

Faculty Publications

Administrator turnover and its impact on the quality of patient care are important concerns in the nursing home industry. This study evaluates a model to determine which factors, attitudes, and personal characteristics can predict tenure. Responses to a survey from 290 nursing home administrators (NHAs) who furnished data on their previous positions were analyzed using logistic regression methods. The extracted model correlates tenure with the administrator's past patterns of stability, community attachment, organizational commitment, and facility performance. The model is particularly effective (85% accuracy) in flagging NHAs who are likely to depart within their first 3 years of employment. Implications …

Caregivers Locus Of Control For Child Improvement, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

A potentially important variable that has received little attention in the disabilities literature is the caregiver's locus of control beliefs for child improvement as they relate to treatment compliance and actual child improvement. To evaluate the construct's utility in a practice setting, 131 caregiver-child dyads were assessed twice, twelve months apart. Children were an average of approximately four years old at the first assessment, and all of them had mild to severe developmental disabilities. Aspects of caregiver compliance to treatment were rated, and measures of child development status, family functioning, and caregiver locus of control were administered. Results indicated that …

Botulinum Toxin For Essential Tremor Of The Voice With Multiple Anatomical Sites Of Tremor: A Crossover Design Study Of Unilateral Versus Bilateral Injection, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan C. Irish, Lisa Durkin, Anthony Parkiam, Anthony Lang

Faculty Publications

Objectives/Hypothesis: To evaluate the relative efficacy of unilateral and bilateral injections of botulinum toxin injection (BOTOX) in the treatment of essential tremor of the voice (ETV). Study Design: Prospective open-label crossover study. Methods: Patients referred to the Neurolaryngology Clinic at Toronto General Hospital with a diagnosis of ETV were eligible for the study. Patients were sequentially as-signed to receive BOTOX as either a bilateral 2.5-U or a unilateral 15-U electromyography-guided injection, followed by the alternative injection 16 to 18 weeks later. Acoustic, aerodynamic, and nasopharyngoscopic data were collected approximately 2, 6, 10, and16 weeks after each injection. Patients were asked …

The Treatment Of Essential Voice Tremor With Botulinum Toxin A: A Longitudinal Case Report, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan Irish, Lisa Durkin

Faculty Publications

Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bilateral botulinum toxin injection into the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles of a patient with essential voice tremor. Acoustic and aerodynamic data were collected weekly over a 16-week period. Flexible nasolaryngoscopy was performed prior to injection and 2, 6, 10, and 16 weeks post injection. Perceptual analyses of the acoustic and nasolaryngoscopic data were performed. A reduction in frequency tremor and, to a lesser extent, amplitude tremor was observed during the 1-10 week period. Estimated laryngeal resistance decreased after injection and was accompanied in perceptual measures by a reduction in …

Regulating Consenseual Sex With Minors: Defining A Role For Statutory Rape, Michelle Oberman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Girls In The Master's House: Of Protection, Patriarchy And The Potential For Using The Master's Tools To Reconfigure Statutory Rape Law, Michelle Oberman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Death Taxes: A Critique From The Margin, Patricia A. Cain

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Ambiguous Basis Of Judicial Deference To Administrative Rules, David M. Hasen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Handling Hot Potatoes: Judicial Review Of California Initiatives After Senate V. Jones, Gerald F. Uelmen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Drugs Upon Sentencing Policy, Gerald F. Uelmen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.