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Hysteresis During Cycling Of Nickel Hydroxide Active Material, Venkat Srinivasan, John W. Weidner, John Newman Jan 2001

Hysteresis During Cycling Of Nickel Hydroxide Active Material, Venkat Srinivasan, John W. Weidner, John Newman

Faculty Publications

The nickel hydroxide electrode is known to exhibit a stable hysteresis loop, with the potential on charge being higher than that on discharge at every state-of-charge (SOC). What we show here is that this loop created during a complete charge and discharge (i.e., boundary curves) is not sufficient to define the state of the system. Rather, internal paths within the boundary curves (i.e., scanning curves) can be generated that access potentials between the boundary curves. The potential obtained at any SOC, as well as how the material charges and discharges from that point, depends on the …

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Multimode Quantitative Scanning Microwave Microscopy Of In Situ Grown Epitaxial Ba1-XSrXTio3 Composition Spreads, K. S. Chang, M. Aronova, O. Famodu, I. Takeuchi, S. E. Lofland, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, H. Chang Jan 2001

Multimode Quantitative Scanning Microwave Microscopy Of In Situ Grown Epitaxial Ba1-XSrXTio3 Composition Spreads, K. S. Chang, M. Aronova, O. Famodu, I. Takeuchi, S. E. Lofland, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, H. Chang

Faculty Publications

We have performed variable-temperature multimode quantitative microwavemicroscopy of in situepitaxial Ba1−xSrxTiO3 thin-film composition spreads fabricated on (100) LaA1O3 substrates. Dielectric properties were mapped as a function of continuously varying composition from BaTiO3 to SrTiO3. We have demonstrated nondestructive temperature-dependent dielectric characterization of local thin-film regions. Measurements are simultaneously taken at multiple resonant frequencies of the microscope cavity. The multimode measurements allow frequency dispersion studies. We observe strong composition-dependent dielectric relaxation in Ba1−xSrxTiO3 at microwave frequencies.

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Approximate Solutions For Galvanostatic Discharge Of Spherical Particles I. Constant Diffusion Coefficient, Venkat R. Subramanian, James A. Ritter, Ralph E. White Jan 2001

Approximate Solutions For Galvanostatic Discharge Of Spherical Particles I. Constant Diffusion Coefficient, Venkat R. Subramanian, James A. Ritter, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

Approximate models are developed, based on second, fourth, and sixth order polynomials, that describe the concentration profile of an electrochemically active species in a spherical electrode particle. Analytical expressions are obtained that describe the way the concentration profiles, surface concentrations, and electrode utilization change during the galvanostatic discharge of an electrode particle. Based on a comparison with an exact analytical model over a wide range of dimensionless current densities, all three approximate models performed extremely well in predicting these quantities. Quantitative criterion for the validity of these models is also developed and shows that the sixth order, four parameter approximate …

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Modeling Of A Nickel-Hydrogen Cell: Phase Reactions In The Nickel Active Material, B. Wu, Ralph E. White Jan 2001

Modeling Of A Nickel-Hydrogen Cell: Phase Reactions In The Nickel Active Material, B. Wu, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Modeling Lithium Intercalation In A Porous Carbon Electrode, Gerardine G. Botte, Ralph E. White Jan 2001

Modeling Lithium Intercalation In A Porous Carbon Electrode, Gerardine G. Botte, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide-Carbon Supercapacitors, Manikandan Ramani, Bala S. Haran, Ralph E. White, Branko N. Popov Jan 2001

Synthesis And Characterization Of Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide-Carbon Supercapacitors, Manikandan Ramani, Bala S. Haran, Ralph E. White, Branko N. Popov

Faculty Publications

It is shown that composite Ru oxide-carbon based supercapacitors possess superior energy and power densities as compared to bare carbon. An electroless deposition process was used to synthesize the ruthenium oxide-carbon composites. Ru is dispersed on the carbon matrix as small particles. The effect of electrochemical oxidation and temperature treatment on the material performance has been studied extensively. Increasing the oxidation temperature reduces the proton transport rate and also increases the degree of crystallinity of the deposits. This adversely affects the performance of the composite. Loading a small amount of Ru oxide (9 wt %) on carbon increases the capacitance …

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Not So Different: Tangible, Intangible, Digital, And Analog Works And Their Comparison For Copyright Purposes, I. Trotter Hardy Jan 2001

Not So Different: Tangible, Intangible, Digital, And Analog Works And Their Comparison For Copyright Purposes, I. Trotter Hardy

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Observable Behavior For Implicit User Modeling: A Framework And User Studies, Jinmook Kim, Douglas W. Oard Jan 2001

Observable Behavior For Implicit User Modeling: A Framework And User Studies, Jinmook Kim, Douglas W. Oard

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a framework for observable behavior that can be used as a basis for user modeling, and it reports the results of a pair of user studies that examine the joint utility of two specific behaviors. User models can be constructed by hand, or they can be learned automatically based on feedback provided by the user about the relevance of documents that they have examined. By observing user behavior, it is possible to obtain implicit feedback without requiring explicit relevance judgments. Four broad categories of potentially observable behavior are identified: examine, retain, reference, and annotate, and examples of …

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Modeling Information Content Using Observable Behavior, Douglas W. Oard, Jinmook Kim Jan 2001

Modeling Information Content Using Observable Behavior, Douglas W. Oard, Jinmook Kim

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a framework for modeling the content of information objects such as documents and video programs based on observation of how users interact with those objects in the course of information seeking and use. Four categories of potentially observable user behaviors are identified: examination, retention, reference, and annotation. The framework draws together techniques from the information filtering, Web searching and citation indexing, and identifies the natural scope (portion of an object, complete object, or collection of objects) at which each behavior can be observed. The process of using observations as a basis for identifying information that may be …

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User Modeling For Information Filtering Based On Implicit Feedback, Jinmook Kim, Douglas W. Oard, Kathleen Romanik Jan 2001

User Modeling For Information Filtering Based On Implicit Feedback, Jinmook Kim, Douglas W. Oard, Kathleen Romanik

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Latin American Legal History: Some Essential Spanish Terms, M C. Mirow Jan 2001

Latin American Legal History: Some Essential Spanish Terms, M C. Mirow

Faculty Publications

Terms related to Latin American legal history translated into English.

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Nature Writing, American Literature, And The Idea Of Community: A Conversation With Barry Lopez, David Thomas Sumner Jan 2001

Nature Writing, American Literature, And The Idea Of Community: A Conversation With Barry Lopez, David Thomas Sumner

Faculty Publications

This interview with Barry Lopez is part of a series of conversations with contemporary western writers about the ethical and cultural implications of nature writing.

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The Dillow’S Ridge Site And The Production Of Mill Creek Chert Tools, Brian M. Butler, Charles R. Cobb Jan 2001

The Dillow’S Ridge Site And The Production Of Mill Creek Chert Tools, Brian M. Butler, Charles R. Cobb

Faculty Publications

The Dillow's Ridge site (11 U635) is a small Mississippian village situated on an unplowed hilltop near the largest known Mill Creek chert quarry in Union County, Illinois. The site was both a permanent residential settlement and a major workshop where Mill Creek chert tools were produced for nonlocal use. Radiocarbon dates document the occupation from the late 1200s A.D. to A.D. 1450 or 1500. The production debris and rejects indicate that the major “export" products were hoes and Ramey knives. Although the quantity of lithic debris on the site is very impressive, estimates of annual production of large biface …

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Probability And Agents, Marco Valtorta, Michael N. Huhns Jan 2001

Probability And Agents, Marco Valtorta, Michael N. Huhns

Faculty Publications

To make sense of the information that agents gather from the Web, they need to reason about it. If the information is precise and correct, they can use engines such as theorem provers to reason logically and derive correct conclusions. Unfortunately, the information is often imprecise and uncertain, which means they will need a probabilistic approach. More than 150 years ago, George Boole presented the logic that bears his name. There is concern that classical logic is not sufficient to model how people do or should reason. Adopting a probabilistic approach in constructing software agents and multiagent systems simplifies some …

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Trust And Persistence, Paul A. Buhler, Michael N. Huhns Jan 2001

Trust And Persistence, Paul A. Buhler, Michael N. Huhns

Faculty Publications

We rely on computers to control our power plants and water supplies, our automobiles and transportation systems, and soon our economic and political systems. Increasingly, software agents are enmeshed in these systems, serving as the glue that connects distributed components. Clearly, we need mechanisms to determine whether these agents are trustworthy. What do we need to establish trust? Agents are often characterized by features such as autonomy, sociability, proactiveness, and persistent identity. This latter feature is key in determining trust. When agents operate over an extended period, they can earn a reputation for competence, timeliness, ease of use, and trustworthiness, …

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Philosophical Agents, John R. Rose, Michael N. Huhns Jan 2001

Philosophical Agents, John R. Rose, Michael N. Huhns

Faculty Publications

Abstraction is the technique we use to deal with complexity. What is the proper kind and level of abstraction for complex software agents? We think it would be reasonable to endow agents with a philosophy. Then, by understanding their philosophies, we can use them more effectively. To endow agents with ethical principles, developers need an architecture that supports explicit goals, principles and capabilities, as well as laws and ways to sanction or punish miscreants. All of the ethical approaches described in this article are single-agent in orientation and encode other agents implicitly.

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Inside An Agent, José M. Vidal, Paul A. Buhler, Michael N. Huhns Jan 2001

Inside An Agent, José M. Vidal, Paul A. Buhler, Michael N. Huhns

Faculty Publications

When we discuss agent-based system construction with software developers or ask students to implement common agent architectures using object-oriented techniques, we find that it is not trivial for them to create an elegant system design from the standard presentation of these architectures in textbooks or research papers. To better communicate our interpretation of popular agent architectures, we draw UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams to guide an implementer's design. However, before we describe these diagrams, we need to review some basic features of agents. The paper considers an architecture showing a simple agent interacting with an environment. The agent senses its …

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The Emerging Law Of Race And Student Assignment Plans, John Charles Boger, Elizabeth Jean Bower Jan 2001

The Emerging Law Of Race And Student Assignment Plans, John Charles Boger, Elizabeth Jean Bower

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Future Of Educational Diversity: Old Decrees, New Challenges, John Charles Boger, Elizabeth Jean Bower Jan 2001

The Future Of Educational Diversity: Old Decrees, New Challenges, John Charles Boger, Elizabeth Jean Bower

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Impossibility Of Lujan's Project, Gene R. Nichol Jan 2001

The Impossibility Of Lujan's Project, Gene R. Nichol

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Property And Propriety In Galdós’S ​Doña Perfecta, David Laraway Jan 2001

Property And Propriety In Galdós’S ​Doña Perfecta, David Laraway

Faculty Publications

One question sure to stir up a spirited discussion in any gathering of galdosistas is whether Benito Perez Galdos's Dofia Perfecta is finally able to transcend the tendentiousness of its own ideological leanings. 1 A long tradition of criticism of the novel faults its didacticism and questions whether its characters are endowed with any real depth (see Penuel 80-86). Stephen Gilman's observation that Dona Perfecta constitutes an "ideological Flatland" by comparison with the depth of Galdos's mature works nicely captures an intuition chat runs deeply among defenders and critics of the novel alike (378-79). However, a widely cited article by …

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Dis-Semblances: Physiognomy And Fiction In Borges’S ​Historia Universal De La Infamia, David Laraway Jan 2001

Dis-Semblances: Physiognomy And Fiction In Borges’S ​Historia Universal De La Infamia, David Laraway

Faculty Publications

Over a decade after publishing Ficciones and some six years after El Aleph made its way into print, Borges had occasion to write a new introduction to Historia universal de la infomia, his first extended exploration of the mechanisms of fictional narrative. It was, he reflected of the 1935 work, an "irresponsable juego de un timido que nose anim6 a escribir cuentos y que se distrajo en falsear y tergiversar [ ... ]. No es otra cosa que apariencia [ ... ] una superficie de imagenes" (Obras l: 291). There can be little question that, compared with Ficciones and El …

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Quasi Species That Rebound After Discontinuation Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Similar To The Viral Quasi Species Present Before Initiation Of Therapy, Keith A. Crandall, Hiromi Imamichi, Ven Natarajan, Min Kang Jiang, Robin L. Dewar, Steve Berg, Arunasri Gaddam, Marjorie Bosche, Julie A. Metcalf, Richard T. Davey Jr., H. Clifford Lane Jan 2001

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Quasi Species That Rebound After Discontinuation Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Similar To The Viral Quasi Species Present Before Initiation Of Therapy, Keith A. Crandall, Hiromi Imamichi, Ven Natarajan, Min Kang Jiang, Robin L. Dewar, Steve Berg, Arunasri Gaddam, Marjorie Bosche, Julie A. Metcalf, Richard T. Davey Jr., H. Clifford Lane

Faculty Publications

In an effort to identify the sources of the viruses that emerge after discontinuation of therapy, analyses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) quasi species were done for 3 patients with sustained levels of HIV RNA of <50 copies/mL for 1-3 years. The sequences found in the rebounding plasma virus were closely related to those of the actively replicating form of viruses present before the initiation of combination therapy. All quasi species found in the rebounding plasma virus were also present in proviral DNA, cell-associated RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and virion RNA derived from PBMC coculture during periods when plasma HIV RNA levels were <50 copies/mL. These findings suggest that the rapid resurgence of plasma viremia observed after discontinuation of therapy and the viruses cocultured from PBMC are derived from a relatively stable pool of the replicating form of virus rather than from activation of a previously latent pool.

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Microstructure-Sensitive Design Of A Compliant Beam, Brent L. Adams, Alisa J. Millar Henrie, B. Henrie, M. Lyon, H. Garmestani, Surya R. Kalidindi Jan 2001

Microstructure-Sensitive Design Of A Compliant Beam, Brent L. Adams, Alisa J. Millar Henrie, B. Henrie, M. Lyon, H. Garmestani, Surya R. Kalidindi

Faculty Publications

BA acknowledges financial support provided by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-9632556. SK acknowledges financial support from National Science Foundation under Award Number CMS-9732699. BA, SK and HG also acknowledge support from the NSF-CIRE program centered at Florida A&M University, facilitating collaborations. Support was also provided by the College of Engineering and Technology at BYU (AH, BH and ML). Computations were performed on the new SGI Origin 2000 supercomputer at Brigham Young University, donated by Ira Fulton. We show that mechanical design can be conducted where consideration of polycrystalline microstructure as a continuous design …

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Gravitational Descendants And The Moduli Space Of Higher Spin Curves, Tyler J. Jarvis, Takashi Kimura, Arkady Vaintrob Jan 2001

Gravitational Descendants And The Moduli Space Of Higher Spin Curves, Tyler J. Jarvis, Takashi Kimura, Arkady Vaintrob

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this note is introduce a new axiom (called the Descent Axiom) in the theory of r-spin cohomological field theories. This axiom explains the origin of gravitational descendants in this theory. Furthermore, the Descent Axiom immediately implies the Vanishing Axiom, explicating the latter (which has no a priori analog in the theory of Gromov-Witten invariants), in terms of the multiplicativity of the virtual class. We prove that the Descent Axiom holds in the convex case, and consequently in genus zero.

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Was The Path Nephi Saw ‘Strait And Narrow’ Or ‘Straight And Narrow', Noel B. Reynolds, Royal Skousen Jan 2001

Was The Path Nephi Saw ‘Strait And Narrow’ Or ‘Straight And Narrow', Noel B. Reynolds, Royal Skousen

Faculty Publications

A complete analysis of the full range of usage patterns for all forms of strait and straight in the Book of Mormon provides sufficient contextual evidence for resolving the orthographical problems that were introduced through these homophones in the manuscripts and the 1830 edition. The article lists all 27 occurrences of some form of straight in the 1830 edition, indicating which ones were changed to strait and in which LDS editions they were revised. The evidence, we believe, indicates that most of these later changes were correct. But because the Book of Mormon usage introduced by Nephi was distinctive, and …

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Behavioral Inhibition, Social Withdrawal, And Parenting, Kim B. Burgess, Kenneth H. Rubin, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson Jan 2001

Behavioral Inhibition, Social Withdrawal, And Parenting, Kim B. Burgess, Kenneth H. Rubin, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

The study of children's social and emotional development requires that attention be paid to such factors as dispositional/biological factors (e.g., temperament), familial interactions and relationships, social contexts (e.g., school, neighborhood), and culture. For example, Hinde (1995) has advanced the notion that development be considered from a multi-level perspective beginning with individual characteristics and progressing the interaction, relationship, and group levels of analysis and conjecture. At the level of the individual child, developmental scientists have studies such constructs as temperament that might lead to problematic social or behavioral outcomes. One such interpersonal characteristic is that of "difficult" temperament – a phenomenon …

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Non-Social Play As A Risk Factor In Social And Emotional Development, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson, Kenneth H. Rubin Jan 2001

Non-Social Play As A Risk Factor In Social And Emotional Development, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson, Kenneth H. Rubin

Faculty Publications

Children spend much of their youthful energy engaged in play. Indeed, play, in its various forms, represents a serious business – not only for the active participations, but also for students of the phenomenon. To many researchers, play is viewed as a generative fore in children's social, emotional, and cognitive development (see Rubin, Fein, & Vandenberg, 1983; Saracho & Spodek, 1998; Fromberg & Bergen, 1998). The extent to which children engage in play with others is of added developmental significance. In light of the complexity and developmental significance of children's play and especially play with peers, it seems important to …

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Varieties Of Religion-Family Linkages, John R. Snarey, David C. Dollahite Jan 2001

Varieties Of Religion-Family Linkages, John R. Snarey, David C. Dollahite

Faculty Publications

The 4 articles in this special issue make important contributions to both family and religious studies as well as to their interface. This commentary begins by considering 4 unifying themes present across all of the articles, including meaningful religion-family linkages, the importance of gender differences in the faith-family interface, the significance of intergenerational relationships, and the need for better theory. The authors then discuss the unique major strength and secondary limitations of each study. Finally, the commentary focuses on two challenges inhibiting the contemporary study of religion and the family–a relative lack of racial and religious diversity in samples and …

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Two Sides Of A River: Mormon Transmigration Through Quincy, Illinois, And Hannibal, Missouri, Fred E. Woods Jan 2001

Two Sides Of A River: Mormon Transmigration Through Quincy, Illinois, And Hannibal, Missouri, Fred E. Woods

Faculty Publications

The infamous extermination order issued 27 October 1838 by Missouri Governor Lilburn W. Boggs caused thousands of Latter-day Saints to flee the state and seek refuge in Illinois across the Mississippi River. Illinois, established in 1817, had high hopes for its future, but just two decades later it was smitten, like the rest of America, with the economic depression of 1837. In such a needy condition, the people Illinois welcomed the Mormon migrants for three central reasons. Financially motivated, the state viewed the Latter-day Saint influx as an opportunity to raise its population to boost the economy through the collection …

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