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Gradient-Based Non-Linear Microstructure Design, Brent L. Adams, M. Lyon Apr 2004

Gradient-Based Non-Linear Microstructure Design, Brent L. Adams, M. Lyon

Faculty Publications

The support of this research by the Army Research Office is gratefully acknowledged. M. Lyon is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Fourier analysis is implemented on the orientation distribution of a polycrystalline microstructure. The linearity and convexity of the Fourier space, with respect to orientation, allows one to consider all possible distributions by considering all linear combinations of single-grain orientations. The limits of the Fourier space are therefore defined by the solutions to a set of linear programming problems. A unique approach to the linear programming, similar to the Krylov subspace methods for obtaining solutions to …

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Ox Yokes: Culture, Comfort And Animal Welfare, Andrew (Drew) B. Conroy Apr 2004

Ox Yokes: Culture, Comfort And Animal Welfare, Andrew (Drew) B. Conroy

Faculty Publications

Three yoking systems are used globally to capture the power of oxen. These are the head yoke, withers yoke, and neck yoke. Each system has its strengths and weaknesses, with culture and cattle playing a role in the adoption and use of each system. The neck yoke system offers important lessons in understanding animal comfort and yoke design. Despite its success, the neck yoke should not be universally adopted, nor should it be universally promoted. However ignoring the lessons learned in North America over the last 400 years would ignore animals and teamsters who perfected this system and learned to …

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Bohmian Dynamics On Subspaces Using Linearized Quantum Force, Vitaly A. Rassolov, Sophya Garashchuk Apr 2004

Bohmian Dynamics On Subspaces Using Linearized Quantum Force, Vitaly A. Rassolov, Sophya Garashchuk

Faculty Publications

In the de Broglie–Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved in terms of quantum trajectories evolving under the influence of quantum and classical potentials. For a practical implementation that scales favorably with system size and is accurate for semiclassical systems, we use approximate quantum potentials. Recently, we have shown that optimization of the nonclassical component of the momentum operator in terms of fitting functions leads to the energy-conserving approximate quantum potential. In particular, linear fitting functions give the exact time evolution of a Gaussian wave packet in a locally quadratic potential and can describe the dominant …

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Traditional Christian Sacraments And Covenants, Noel B. Reynolds, Bryson L. Bachman Apr 2004

Traditional Christian Sacraments And Covenants, Noel B. Reynolds, Bryson L. Bachman

Faculty Publications

Whereas Mormon theology and scripture understands baptism as the witnessing of a covenant to follow Christ, a survey of Christian tradition shows that the early Christian writers did not link their understanding of covenant with baptism. Historical reasons for the de-emphasis of covenant language in the Roman period are identified, before it picked up again in baptismal settings after the fourth century. Extensive discussion of covenant theology emerged later between the reformers. Calvin, Luther, and Zwingli are considered, but Bullinger has the most to say on the link between ordinances and covenants in a way that would make sense for …

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Coastal Wetland Subsidence Arising From Local Hydrologic Manipulations, R. Eugene Turner Apr 2004

Coastal Wetland Subsidence Arising From Local Hydrologic Manipulations, R. Eugene Turner

Faculty Publications

Twenty-three estimates of soil subsidence rates arising under the influence of local hydrologic changes from flap-gates, weirs, dikes, and culverts in tidal wetlands were compared to 75 examples of subsidence in drained agricultural wetlands. The induced subsidence rates from these hydrologic modifications in tidal wetlands can continue for more than 100 years, and range between 1.67 to 0.10 cm yr−1 within 1 to 155 years after the hydrologic modifications commence. These subsidence rates are lower than in freshwater wetlands drained for agricultural purposes, decline with age, and are significant in comparison to the rates of global sea level rise or …

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Toward A Biblical Theology Of God's Judgment: A Celebration Of The Cross In Seven Phases Of Divine Universal Judgment (An Overview Of A Theocentric-Christocentric Approach), Jiri Moskala Apr 2004

Toward A Biblical Theology Of God's Judgment: A Celebration Of The Cross In Seven Phases Of Divine Universal Judgment (An Overview Of A Theocentric-Christocentric Approach), Jiri Moskala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The God Of Job And Our Adversary, Jiri Moskala Apr 2004

The God Of Job And Our Adversary, Jiri Moskala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Train Wreck? Or Can The Federal Sentencing System Be Saved? A Plea For Rapid Reversal Of Blakely V. Washington, Frank O. Bowman Iii Apr 2004

Train Wreck? Or Can The Federal Sentencing System Be Saved? A Plea For Rapid Reversal Of Blakely V. Washington, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

In Blakely v. Washington, the Court found the Washington State Sentencing Guidelines unconstitutional, placed the validity of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines in the gravest doubt, and cast a shadow of deep uncertainty over many state sentencing systems and the entire twenty-five-year sentencing reform movement. Over the next year, legal publications will be deluged with sober analyses, exegeses, dissections, and deconstructions of the doctrinal origins and long-term effects of Blakely. If the big train wreck really happens, I expect I'll write a few myself. However, it is early for that sort of thing since so much about Blakely remains unclear. Indeed, …

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Promoting The Promise Manufactured Homes Provide For Affordable Housing, Amy J. Schmitz Apr 2004

Promoting The Promise Manufactured Homes Provide For Affordable Housing, Amy J. Schmitz

Faculty Publications

This Article raises issues for HUD and other policy makers to consider with respect to MHIA programs and broader mobile home policies. It also seeks to spark public awareness about the potential that mobile homes provide for affordable housing. The time is ripe for policy makers on federal and state levels to craft safety and financing regulations that take into account the unique character and complexities of mobile home transactions and mobile home ownership. Furthermore, the MHIA should ignite mobile home manufacturers, retailers, lenders, and consumer advocates to join forces to help alleviate burdens of mobile home ownership and provide …

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A Piecewise Linear Approach To Overbooking, Robert Ball, Mark J. Clement, Casey T. Deccio, Feng Huang, Quinn O. Snell Apr 2004

A Piecewise Linear Approach To Overbooking, Robert Ball, Mark J. Clement, Casey T. Deccio, Feng Huang, Quinn O. Snell

Faculty Publications

Overbooking is frequently used to increase the revenue generated by a network infrastructure without incurring additional costs. If the overbooking factor is chosen appropriately, additional virtual circuits can be admitted without degrading quality of service for existing customers. Most implementations use a single factor to accept a linear fraction of traffic requests. If a piecewise linear approach is used in admissions, additional traffic can be accepted without causing proportional increases in loss rate and utilization. This additional accepted traffic can significantly improve the profit margin for network service providers.

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Australia And The United States: Two Common Criminal Justice Systems Uncommonly At Odds, Paul Marcus, Vicki Waye Apr 2004

Australia And The United States: Two Common Criminal Justice Systems Uncommonly At Odds, Paul Marcus, Vicki Waye

Faculty Publications

At first glance the criminal justice systems of Australia and the United States look strikingly similar. With common law roots from England, they both emphasize the adversary system, the roleof the advocate, the presumption of innocence, and an appeals process. Upon closer reflection,however, they appear starkly different. From both Australian and U.S. perspectives, the authorsexplore those differences, examining important features such as the exclusion of evidence, rules regarding interrogation, the entrapment defense, and the open nature of trials. The Article concludes with an analysis of the reasons for those differences, reasons that heavily relate back to the founding of the …

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The President's Page: The New Constitution And Bylaws Of The Adventist Theological Society, Jiri Moskala Apr 2004

The President's Page: The New Constitution And Bylaws Of The Adventist Theological Society, Jiri Moskala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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President's Page, Samantha K. Hastings Apr 2004

President's Page, Samantha K. Hastings

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Monitoring Physical Activity: Uses And Measurement Issues With Automated Counters, Michelle L. Granner, Patricia A. Sharpe Apr 2004

Monitoring Physical Activity: Uses And Measurement Issues With Automated Counters, Michelle L. Granner, Patricia A. Sharpe

Faculty Publications

Background: Promotion of physical activity is a public health priority, and environmental factors influence physical activity behavior. Valid and reliable automated measurement tools of physical activity for assessment and evaluation within public settings are needed. Methods: Searches of the research literature and governmental reports from physical activity, transportation, and recreation fields were conducted to identify methods of automated counting and validation studies. The article provides a summary of (a) current methods and uses of automated counters, (b) information about validity and reliability where available, (c) strengths and limitations of each methods, and (d) measurement issues. Results: Existing automated counting technology …

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Metrics For Human Driving Of Multiple Robots, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Jonathan Turner, Stephen Bart Wood Apr 2004

Metrics For Human Driving Of Multiple Robots, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Jonathan Turner, Stephen Bart Wood

Faculty Publications

A goal of human-robot interaction is to expand the capability of human beings so that they can control multiple robots simultaneously. This provides leverage for human attention beyond single robot interaction. The number of such robots that can be operated is called the fan-out of a human-robot team. We define the concepts of neglect-tolerance as a measure of autonomy and interaction-effort as a measure of required human attention. A model for fan-out is presented that predicts a human's ability to control multiple robots. We validate this model using robot simulations and user studies. Using the validated model we demonstrate enhanced …

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Aggressive Telecommunications Overbooking Ratios, Robert Ball, Mark J. Clement, Casey T. Deccio, Feng Huang, Quinn O. Snell Apr 2004

Aggressive Telecommunications Overbooking Ratios, Robert Ball, Mark J. Clement, Casey T. Deccio, Feng Huang, Quinn O. Snell

Faculty Publications

The Internet is comprised of vast networks of wires and fiber. A common misconception is that there is an unlimited amount of bandwidth; in reality there exists only a finite amount. Each length of wire and fiber is owned by a company, and every company wants to maximize its profit. One means of improving profit is to overbook existing transmission lines in order to increase income without increasing expenses. If too much overbooking is performed, the Quality of Service (QoS) seen by customers will decline. This paper explains a process to achieve an optimal Overbooking Ratio (OR) for admission control …

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Prosecuting Corruption: The Case Of Pakistan, Masood Khan, Niaz A. Shah, Melvin J. Dubnick Mar 2004

Prosecuting Corruption: The Case Of Pakistan, Masood Khan, Niaz A. Shah, Melvin J. Dubnick

Faculty Publications

The prosecutorial approach treats corruption like any crime, and to that extent it tends to focus on those acts that have been “juridified” – that is, made explicitly illegal and subject to some form of juridical process where the determination of guilt and imposition of sanctions are expected. Under systems where the rule of law is taken seriously, this approach does result in distinguishing between petty actions of dishonesty (e.g., stealing paper clips from the office for personal use) and more significant violations, some of which are formally treated as crimes in the legal system. Elevating corruption to a criminal …

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Microsecond Spin-Flip Times In N-Gaas Measured By Time-Resolved Polarization Of Photoluminescence, John S. Colton, T. A. Kennedy, A. S. Bracker, D. Gammon Mar 2004

Microsecond Spin-Flip Times In N-Gaas Measured By Time-Resolved Polarization Of Photoluminescence, John S. Colton, T. A. Kennedy, A. S. Bracker, D. Gammon

Faculty Publications

We have observed microsecond spin-flip times in lightly doped n-GaAs, by measuring the photoluminescence polarization in the time domain with pump and probe pulses. Times up to 1.4 μs have been measured. Our results as a function of magnetic field indicated three regions governing the spin relaxation: a low field region, where spin-flip times increase due to suppression of the nuclear hyperfine interaction for localized electrons, a medium field region where spin-flip times increase due to narrowing of the hyperfine relaxation for interacting electrons, and a high field region where spin-flip times begin to level off due to the increasing …

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Dynamic Autonomous Transport Selection In Heterogeneous Wireless Environments, Jeffrey M. Brown, Heidi R. Duffin, Charles D. Knutson, Shannon B. Barnes, Ryan W. Woodings Mar 2004

Dynamic Autonomous Transport Selection In Heterogeneous Wireless Environments, Jeffrey M. Brown, Heidi R. Duffin, Charles D. Knutson, Shannon B. Barnes, Ryan W. Woodings

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we introduce Quality of Transport (QoT), an architecture for synergistically and autonomously managing session-layer protocol access to multiple transports in heterogeneous wireless environments. We present an overview of the QoT architecture including: 1) transport discovery, 2) service discovery, 3) object exchange, 4) transport switching, and 5) intelligent transport selection. Preliminary successes with our design and implementation of QoT suggest that dynamic intelligent autonomous transport switching can help to optimize user experience and session layer performance in multi-transport environments.

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Prioritized Soft Constraint Satisfaction: A Qualitative Method For Dynamic Transport Selection In Heterogeneous Wireless Environments, Heidi R. Duffin, Michael A. Goodrich, Charles D. Knutson Mar 2004

Prioritized Soft Constraint Satisfaction: A Qualitative Method For Dynamic Transport Selection In Heterogeneous Wireless Environments, Heidi R. Duffin, Michael A. Goodrich, Charles D. Knutson

Faculty Publications

This paper presents Prioritized Soft Constraint Satisfaction (PSCS), a novel approach to selecting the “best” transport in dynamic wireless transport switching systems. PSCS maintains a satisfying connection to another endpoint by choosing transports based on a user-established range of preferences and priority for criteria such as speed, power, range and cost. Additionally, feedback is provided regarding tradeoffs among the criteria, thus enabling the user to adjust inputs according to the capabilities of the system. We also recommend guidelines for setting preferences and priorities.

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The Bible And Pedagogy, Andrea Luxton Mar 2004

The Bible And Pedagogy, Andrea Luxton

Faculty Publications

This paper seeks to identify and explore some of the pedagogical principles practiced in the Bible. To limit the extent of the discussion, the four “ideals” of pedagogy identified by the National Research Council will be used as a framework for the study. Two levels of teaching will be explored: the principles and practice we see within the inspired text as God interacts with humanity; and the principles and practice found in the way that the Bible as an inspired text itself becomes a teacher to its readers. Finally in each of the four areas this paper will consider what …

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Effect Of Spin-Orbit Interaction And In-Plane Magnetic Field On The Conductance Of A Quasi-One-Dimensional System, Yuriy V. Pershin Dr, James A. Nesteroff, Vladimir Privman Mar 2004

Effect Of Spin-Orbit Interaction And In-Plane Magnetic Field On The Conductance Of A Quasi-One-Dimensional System, Yuriy V. Pershin Dr, James A. Nesteroff, Vladimir Privman

Faculty Publications

We study the effect of spin-orbit interaction and in-plane effective magnetic field on the conductance of a quasi-one-dimensional ballistic electron system. The effective magnetic field includes the externally applied field, as well as the field due to polarized nuclear spins. The interplay of the spin-orbit interaction with effective magnetic field significantly modifies the band structure, producing additional subband extrema and energy gaps, introducing the dependence of the subband energies on the field direction. We generalize the Landauer formula at finite temperatures to incorporate these special features of the dispersion relation. The obtained formula describes the conductance of a ballistic conductor …

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Association Between Blood Pressure And Resting Energy Expenditure Independent Of Body Size, Amy Luke, Adebowale Adeyemo, Holly Kramer, Terrence Forrester, Richard S. Cooper Mar 2004

Association Between Blood Pressure And Resting Energy Expenditure Independent Of Body Size, Amy Luke, Adebowale Adeyemo, Holly Kramer, Terrence Forrester, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Obesity is an important risk factor for hypertension; however, the pathway through which it raises blood pressure (BP) is poorly understood. Body size is also the primary determinant of energy expenditure, and we therefore examined the joint relationship of energy expenditure and body size to blood pressure. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using respiratory gas exchange in population-based samples of 997 Nigerians and 452 African Americans. In a third sample of 118 individuals, nonresting energy expenditure (ie, physical activity) was measured in addition to REE. The univariate correlation between REE and BP ranged from 0.10 to 0.22 in the …

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The "Tabernacle Post Office" Petition For The Saints Of Kanesville, Iowa, Fred E. Woods, Maurine Carr Ward Mar 2004

The "Tabernacle Post Office" Petition For The Saints Of Kanesville, Iowa, Fred E. Woods, Maurine Carr Ward

Faculty Publications

As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. Thus spoke wise King Solomon a millennium before the birth of Christ. As America labored to give birth to a new nation, the United States Post Office Department was born when the Second Continental Congress met in 1775 at Philadelphia and agreed to appoint Benjamin Franklin as the country's first postmaster general. During the nineteenth century, America continued to grow in population as children were born and as immigrants crossed the Atlantic to the land of promise. This growth not only caused America to lengthen …

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Development Of Commercially Viable Compliant Mechanisms Using The Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model: Case Studies Of Parallel Mechanisms, Christopher A. Mattson, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby Mar 2004

Development Of Commercially Viable Compliant Mechanisms Using The Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model: Case Studies Of Parallel Mechanisms, Christopher A. Mattson, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby

Faculty Publications

Analysis and synthesis of compliant mechanisms has recently been the subject of significant study in the research community. This focus has led to a number of design approaches for developing compliant mechanisms. This paper describes the value of using the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model (PRBM) to design compliant mechanisms for commercial products. Application of the PRBM is illustrated through the development of two parallel mechanisms: a bicycle derailleur and parallel-motion bicycle brakes. The PRBM allows compliant mechanisms to be modeled and analyzed as rigid-body mechanisms and significantly reduces the complexity of analysis. Mechanisms with straightforward properties are used to demonstrate the use …

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An Assessment Of Hiv/Aids Risk In Higher Education Students In Yerevan, Armenia, Talin Babikian, Mary Catherin Freier, Gary L. Hopkins, Ralph Diclemente, Duane C. Mcbride, Matt Riggs Mar 2004

An Assessment Of Hiv/Aids Risk In Higher Education Students In Yerevan, Armenia, Talin Babikian, Mary Catherin Freier, Gary L. Hopkins, Ralph Diclemente, Duane C. Mcbride, Matt Riggs

Faculty Publications

Armenia's current sociopolitical and economic instability and the alarming HIV incidence rates in neighboring countries amplify its risk for a national epidemic. The goals of this study were to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk behaviors among higher education students in Yerevan. Knowledge of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse was markedly higher than that on intravenous transmission and prevailing myths; however, HIV/AIDS knowledge was not related to risk behaviors. Tobacco and alcohol prevalence was relatively high. Students reported risky sexual behaviors, including inconsistent condom use, casual sex, and multiple partners. In addition to descriptive statistics delineating gender differences across the target …

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Symbolically Aided Model Development For An Induction Machine In Virtual Test Bed, Wenzhong Gao, Eugene V. Slovodnik, Roger A. Dougal Mar 2004

Symbolically Aided Model Development For An Induction Machine In Virtual Test Bed, Wenzhong Gao, Eugene V. Slovodnik, Roger A. Dougal

Faculty Publications

A new phase-domain induction machine model for use in power system dynamic simulation is developed with the aid of a symbolic tool. The symbolic tool can automatically construct a time-domain power system component model in the resistive companion form (RCF) that is widely used in time-domain simulators. The automatic differentiation technique (aDT) is utilized within the context of a symbolic modeling language, and the tool has been implemented for the virtual test bed (VTB) simulation environment. The new induction machine model was used to study start-up transients of an induction motor. The new model was verified by comparing the simulation …

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Using Weblogs In Scholarship And Teaching, David Wiley, Trey Martindale Mar 2004

Using Weblogs In Scholarship And Teaching, David Wiley, Trey Martindale

Faculty Publications

The web has become an important resource for teaching and learning (National Center for Educational Statistics [NCES], 2003). One reason the web is such a vital resource is that it allows almost anyone to contribute to its "holdings." Tools like HTML editors and FTP clients have made web publishing available to many teachers and students. However, the challenge of learning to use these tools has been a barrier to web publishing for many. Weblogs reduce the technical barriers to effective web publishing significantly.

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Analysis Of Electromagnetic Field Polarizations In Multi-Antenna Systems, Michael A. Jensen, Jon W. Wallace, Thomas Svantesson Mar 2004

Analysis Of Electromagnetic Field Polarizations In Multi-Antenna Systems, Michael A. Jensen, Jon W. Wallace, Thomas Svantesson

Faculty Publications

This paper provides an analytical framework useful for assessing the use of all six electric and magnetic electromagnetic field polarizations for multiantenna communications systems. The approach uses a mapping between the induced signal currents and the received electromagnetic field in order to formulate a diversity interpretation of the six-polarization problem. Application of the framework to a simple, yet representative, channel model demonstrates that for full multipath elevation and azimuthal angle spread, six communication modes are theoretically possible. However, to implement the system requires more antenna design work since a straightforward implementation is found to reduce the potential number of modes …

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Lehi As Moses, Noel B. Reynolds Feb 2004

Lehi As Moses, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

Our understanding of Lehi’s leadership comes through the writings of his son Nephi. While it has been previously noted that Nephi chose to tell the story of his reign and ministry (1 Nephi 10:1) in such a way that his readers would see Nephi himself as a second Moses, it has not been much observed that it may have been his father, Lehi, who first employed this device to persuade his descendants of his own divine calling. In this paper I will show that Lehi had used this device in an attempt to persuade his descendants to accept his difficult …

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