Digital Commons Network^™

Isotopic Evidence For Dominant Secondary Production Of Hono In Near-Ground Wildfire Plumes, Jiajue Chai, Jack E. Dibb, Bruce E. Anderson, Claire Bekker, Danielle E. Blum, Eric Heim, Carolyn E. Jordan, Emily E. Joyce, Jackson H. Kaspari, Hannah Munro, Wendell W. Walters, Meredith G. Hastings

Faculty Publications

Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor to hydroxyl radical (OH) that determines atmospheric oxidative capacity and thus impacts climate and air quality. Wildfire is not only a major direct source of HONO, it also results in highly polluted conditions that favor the heterogeneous formation of HONO from nitrogen oxides (NOx= NO + NO2) and nitrate on both ground and particle surfaces. However, these processes remain poorly constrained. To quantitatively constrain the HONO budget under various fire and/or smoke conditions, we combine a unique dataset of field concentrations and isotopic ratios (15N / 14N and 18O / 16O) of NOx …

Benthic Nutrient Fluxes Across Subtidal And Intertidal Habitats In Breton Sound In Response To River-Pulses Of A Diversion In Mississippi River Delta, Robert R. Twilley, Silke Rick, Daniel C. Bond, Justin Baker

Faculty Publications

We measured benthic fluxes of dissolved nutrients in subtidal sediments and intertidal soils associated with river-pulse events from Mississippi River via the operation of a river diversion struc-ture at Caernarvon, LA. Experiments measuring benthic fluxes in subtidal habitats were conducted during the early spring flood pulse (February and March) each year from 2002 to 2004, compared to benthic fluxes of intertidal habitats measured in February and March 2004. Nitrate (NO3⁻) uptake rates for subtidal sediments and intertidal soils depended on overlying water NO3⁻ concentrations at near-, mid-, and far-field locations during river-pulse experiments when water temperatures were …

Biogeochemical And Hydrological Variables Synergistically Influence Nitrate Variability In Coastal Deltaic Wetlands, Alicia Sendrowski, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Robert Twilley, Paola Passalacqua

Faculty Publications

Coastal river deltas are centers of surface water nitrate processing, yet the mechanisms controlling spatio-temporal patterns in nutrient variability are still little understood. Nitrate fluctuations in these systems are controlled by complex interactions between hydrological and biogeochemical drivers, which act together to transport and transform inorganic nutrients. Distinguishing the contributions of these drivers and identifying wetland zones where nitrate processing is occurring can be difficult, yet is critical to make assessments of nutrient removal capacity in deltaic wetlands. To address these issues, we analyze relationships among regional “external” (river discharge, tides, wind) and local “internal” (water level, temperature, turbidity, and …

An Integrated Energy Simulation Model Of A Compressed Air System For Sustainable Manufacturing: A Time‐Discretized Approach, Vansh Vyas, Hyun Woo Jeon, Chao Wang

Faculty Publications

A compressed air system (CAS) is one of the most common and energy‐consuming systems in manufacturing. To practice more economically and environmentally sustainable manufacturing, manufacturers need ways to reduce the energy costs and carbon footprint, resulting from a CAS in their production systems. While preliminary energy studies on a CAS and on machining processes are available separately, existing research studies rarely analyze energy costs using a tool that considers both a CAS and production systems. Therefore, in this study, we propose an energy simulation tool that combines a CAS and a production system to evaluate the effects of a CAS …

Eleven Observations About Legal Writing, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

This Article collects 11 observations about legal writing that I have shared with law students since I began teaching in the late 1970s.

Examining Associations Between Knowledge And Vaccine Uptake Using The Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Questionnaire (Hpv-Kq), Sayward Harrison, Valerie Yelverton, Yunfei Wang, Jan Ostermann, Laura J. Fish, Charnetta L. Williams, Lavanya Vasudevan, Emmanuel B. Walter

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Understanding the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and vaccination behavior is important to inform public health interventions, yet few validated HPV knowledge scales exist. This study describes development of the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Questionnaire (HPV-KQ) and its validation with parents residing in the southern United States (US). Methods: Drawing on previously published measures, we developed the 13-item HPV-KQ and administered the scale via Web-based survey to parents (N=1105) of adolescents ages 9 to 17 years. Dimensionality, internal consistency, model fit, and predictive validity were assessed. Results: The scale was bidimensional. One factor captured general HPV knowledge, and the …

Examining Associations Between Knowledge And Vaccine Uptake Using The Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Questionnaire (Hpv-Kq), Sayward Harrison, Valerie Yelverton, Jan Ostermann Ph.D., Laura J. Fish, Charnetta L. Williams, Lavanya Vasudevan, Emmanuel B. Walter

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Understanding the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and vaccination behavior is important to inform public health interventions, yet few validated HPV knowledge scales exist. This study describes development of the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Questionnaire (HPV-KQ) and its validation with parents residing in the southern United States (US). Methods: Drawing on previously published measures, we developed the 13-item HPV-KQ and administered the scale via Web-based survey to parents (N=1105) of adolescents ages 9 to 17 years. Dimensionality, internal consistency, model fit, and predictive validity were assessed. Results: The scale was bidimensional. One factor captured general HPV knowledge, and the …

An Extended Essay On Church Autonomy, Carl H. Esbeck

Faculty Publications

The doctrine of church autonomy has its own exclusive line of precedent running from Watson v. Jones (1872) through Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral (1952) - where the doctrine was first recognized as having First Amendment stature - and culminating with renewed vigor for religious institutional autonomy in the unanimous decision of Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. EEOC (2012). Attention to church autonomy has expanded rapidly since the Supreme Court’s decision in Hosanna-Tabor, and its scope is much disputed as it pushes aside other claims and interests. In its most familiar form—the “ministerial exception” - it is …

Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Intellectual Property Jurisprudence, Ryan Vacca, Ann Bartow

Faculty Publications

On September 18, 2020, the world lost an irreplaceable leader. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, after many years of battling cancer, had passed away. Although she will primarily be remembered for her work on gender equality—as both advocate and jurist—Justice Ginsburg signiicantly impacted other areas of the law. One such area is intellectual property. During her time on the U.S. Supreme Court, she authored 20 opinions in these areas—11 copyright, seven patent, and two trademark—and joined the opinions of her colleagues in many others.

Genome-Wide Association And Selective Sweep Studies Reveal The Complex Genetic Architecture Of Dmi Fungicide Resistance In Cercospora Beticola, Rebecca Spanner, Demetris Taliadoros, Jonathan Richards, Viviana Rivera-Varas, Jonathan Neubauer, Mari Natwick, Olivia Hamilton, Niloofar Vaghefi, Sarah Pethybridge, Gary A. Secor, Timothy L. Friesen, Eva H. Stukenbrock, Melvin D. Bolton

Faculty Publications

The rapid and widespread evolution of fungicide resistance remains a challenge for crop disease management. The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) class of fungicides is a widely used chemistry for managing disease, but there has been a gradual decline in efficacy in many crop pathosystems. Reliance on DMI fungicides has increased resistance in populations of the plant pathogenic fungus Cercospora beticola worldwide. To better understand the genetic and evolutionary basis for DMI resistance in C. beticola, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and selective sweep analysis were conducted for the first time in this species. We performed whole-genome resequencing of 190 C. beticola …

Symmetries And Geometries Of Qubits, And Their Uses, A. R.P. Rau

Faculty Publications

The symmetry SU(2) and its geometric Bloch Sphere rendering have been successfully applied to the study of a single qubit (spin-1/2); however, the extension of such symmetries and geometries to multiple qubits—even just two—has been investigated far less, despite the centrality of such systems for quantum information processes. In the last two decades, two different ap-proaches, with independent starting points and motivations, have been combined for this purpose. One approach has been to develop the unitary time evolution of two or more qubits in order to study quantum correlations; by exploiting the relevant Lie algebras and, especially, sub-algebras of the …

Directly Determined Properties Of Hd 97658 From Interferometric Observations, Tyler G. Ellis, Tabetha Boyajian, Kaspar Von Braun, Roxanne Ligi, Denis Mourard, Diana Dragomir, Gail H. Schaefer, Christopher D. Farrington

Faculty Publications

We conducted interferometric observations with the CHARA Array of transiting super-Earth host HD 97658 and measured its limb-darkened angular diameter to be theta(LD) = 0.314 +/- 0.004 mas. The combination of the angular diameter with the Gaia EDR3 parallax value with zero-point correction (pi = 46.412 +/- 0.022 mas, d =21.546 +/- 0.011 pc) yields a physical radius of R-star = 0.728 +/- 0.008 R-circle dot. We also measured the bolometric flux of the star to be F-bol = 2.42 +/- 0.05 x 10(-8) erg s(-1) cm(-2), which, together with angular size, allows a measurement of the effective temperature T-eff …

Deep Belief Network Based Audio Classification For Construction Sites Monitoring, Michele Scarpiniti, Francesco Colasante, Simone Di Tanna, Marco Ciancia, Yong Cheol Lee, Aurelio Uncini

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we propose a Deep Belief Network (DBN) based approach for the classification of audio signals to improve work activity identification and remote surveillance of construction projects. The aim of the work is to obtain an accurate and flexible tool for consistently executing and managing the unmanned monitoring of construction sites by using distributed acoustic sensors. In this paper, ten classes of multiple construction equipment and tools, frequently and broadly used in construction sites, have been collected and examined to conduct and validate the proposed approach. The input provided to the DBN consists in the concatenation of several …

Population Structure, Gene Flow, And Sex-Biased Dispersal In The Reticulated Flatwoods Salamander (Ambystoma Bishopi): Implications For Translocations, Steven T. Williams, Jean P. Elbers, Sabrina S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Understanding patterns of gene flow and population structure is vital for managing threatened and endangered species. The reticulated flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma bishopi) is an endangered species with a fragmented range; therefore, assessing connectivity and genetic population structure can inform future conservation. Samples collected from breeding sites (n = 5) were used to calculate structure and gene flow using three marker types: single nucleotide polymorphisms isolated from potential immune genes (SNPs), nuclear data from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and the mitochondrial control region. At a broad geographical scale, nuclear data (SNP and MHC) supported gene flow and little structure (FST …

Hydraulically-Vulnerable Trees Survive On Deep-Water Access During Droughts In A Tropical Forest, Rutuja Chitra-Tarak, Chonggang Xu, Salomón Aguilar, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Jeff Chambers, Matteo Detto, Boris Faybishenko, Rosie A. Fisher, Ryan G. Knox, Charles D. Koven, Lara M. Kueppers, Nobert Kunert, Stefan J. Kupers, Nate G. Mcdowell, Brent D. Newman, Steven R. Paton, Rolando Pérez, Laurent Ruiz, Lawren Sack, Jeffrey M. Warren, Brett T. Wolfe, Cynthia Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Joseph Zailaa, Sean M. Mcmahon

Faculty Publications

Deep-water access is arguably the most effective, but under-studied, mechanism that plants employ to survive during drought. Vulnerability to embolism and hydraulic safety margins can predict mortality risk at given levels of dehydration, but deep-water access may delay plant dehydration. Here, we tested the role of deep-water access in enabling survival within a diverse tropical forest community in Panama using a novel data-model approach. We inversely estimated the effective rooting depth (ERD, as the average depth of water extraction), for 29 canopy species by linking diameter growth dynamics (1990–2015) to vapor pressure deficit, water potentials in the whole-soil column, and …

Global Flash Drought Monitoring Using Surface Soil Moisture, Vinit Sehgal, Nandita Gaur, Binayak P. Mohanty

Faculty Publications

Abrupt onset and swift intensification characterize flash droughts. Global surface soil moisture (θRS) from NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite can facilitate a near-real-time assessment of emerging flash droughts at a 36-km footprint. However, a robust flash drought monitoring using θRS must account for the (a) short observation record of SMAP, (b) nonlinear geophysical controls over θRS dynamics, and (c) emergent meteorological drivers of flash droughts. We propose a new method for near-real-time characterization of droughts using Soil Moisture Stress (SMS, drought stress) and Relative Rate of Drydown (RRD, drought stress intensification rate)—developed using SMAP θRS (March 2015–May 2021), …

Cage's Imitation Game: Cheap Imitation And Song Books Through The Sketches, Jeffrey Perry

Faculty Publications

The theme of John Cage’s Song Books (1970), according to Cage, is contained in the statement “We connect Satie with Thoreau” (Cage 1970a, 1). Previous studies of Cage’s Song Books have not asked what I feel to be obvious questions: how, precisely, does Cage connect Satie with Thoreau? To what end? And how does Cage connect to Satie and Thoreau (and to the other sources from which he borrows)? I make use of Cage’s sketch materials to seek answers. I examine three of the Solos for Voice from Song Books that make use of the cheap-imitation procedure that Cage had …

Machine Learning Applied To K-Bentonite Geochemistry For Identification And Correlation: The Ordovician Hagan K-Bentonite Complex Case Study, Achim D. Herrmann, John T. Haynes, Richard M. Robinet, Norlene R. Emerson

Faculty Publications

Altered tephras (K-bentonites) are of great importance for calibration of the geologic time scale, for local, regional, and global correlations, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Thus, de-finitive identification of individual tephras is critical. Single crystal geochemistry has been used to differentiate tephra layers, and apatite is one of the phenocrysts commonly occurring in tephras that has been widely used. Here, we use existing and newly acquired analytical datasets (electron probe micro-analyzer [EPMA] data and laser ablation ICP-MS [LA-ICP-MS] data, respectively) of apatite in several Ordovician K-bentonites that were collected from localities about 1200 km apart (Minne-sota/Iowa/Wisconsin and Alabama, United States) to test …

The Supreme Court's Reticent Qualified Immunity Retreat, Katherine Mims Crocker

Faculty Publications

The recent outcry against qualified immunity, a doctrine that disallows damages actions against government officials for a wide swath of constitutional claims, has been deafening. But when the Supreme Court in November 2020 and February 2021 invalidated grants of qualified immunity based on reasoning at the heart of the doctrine for the first time since John Roberts became Chief Justice, the response was muted. With initial evaluations and competing understandings coming from legal commentators in the months since, this Essay explores what these cases appear to say about qualified immunity for today and tomorrow.

The Essay traces idealistic, pessimistic, and …

Cheating For The Cause: The Effects Of Performance-Based Pay On Socially Oriented Misreporting, Jessen L. Hobson, Ryan D. Sommerfeldt, Laura W. Wang

Faculty Publications

We examine the effect of performance-based pay on misreporting intended to benefit a social mission. We show that performance-based pay decreases people’s propensity to misreport for a social mission in a not-for-profit setting (Experiment 1). We similarly show that in a for-profit setting, performance-based pay also decreases misreporting propensity for a social mission, although not for a non-social mission (Experiment 2). Finally, using a framed field experiment with participants attending a conference hosted by a real charity, we show that performance-based pay reduces actual misreporting when misreporting leads to more donations for the charity (Experiment 3). These results are consistent …

What Factors Influence Hiv Testing? Modeling Preference Heterogeneity Using Latent Classes And Class-Independent Random Effects, Jan Ostermann Ph.D., Brian P. Flaherty, Derek S. Brown, Bernard Njau, Amy M. Hobbie, Tara B. Mtuy, Max Masnick, Axel C. Mühlbacher, Nathan M. Thielman

Faculty Publications

Efforts to eliminate the HIV epidemic will require increased HIV testing rates among high-risk populations. To inform the design of HIV testing interventions, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with six policy-relevant attributes of HIV testing options elicited the testing preferences of 300 female barworkers and 440 male Kilimanjaro mountain porters in northern Tanzania. Surveys were administered between September 2017 and July 2018. Participants were asked to complete 12 choice tasks, each involving first- and second-best choices from 3 testing options. DCE responses were analyzed using a random effects latent class logit (RELCL) model, in which the latent classes summarize common …

Are The Dead Sea Scrolls From Khirbet Qumran?, Kenneth Atkinson

Faculty Publications

The Dead Sea Scrolls continue to remain the subject of an intense academic debate concerning their interpretation, their authors, and whether there is a connection between the caves in which these documents were discovered and the archaeological site of Khirbet Qumran. The answers to these questions are important because of the unprecedented number of fragmentary documents in this collection and their diverse contents. Because Roland de Vaux found the same types of pottery in the Scroll caves that he uncovered inside Khirbet Qumran, most scholars view the Scrolls as archaeological objects that are associated with this settlement. Khirbet Qumran’s architectural …

A Dose Of Dignity : Equitable Vaccination Policies For Incarcerated People And Correctional Staff During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Itay Ravid, Jordan M. Hyatt, Steven L. Chanenson

Faculty Publications

Since its emergence in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered the lives of millions of Americans. As it so often is during times of crisis, our most vulnerable communities have disproportionately suffered and were overlooked. Among these myriad communities, incarcerated people became a particularly potent symbol of our failure to handle the spread of the virus. In December 2020, a beacon of hope emerged with the introduction of new cutting-edge vaccines which promised to bring the world back to where it was just a year-and-a-half ago. Here again, however, policy and politics have led states to adopt different distribution …

Multilevel Modeling Of Interval-Contingent Data In Neuropsychology Research Using The Imertest Package In R, Richard S. Pond Jr., Matison W. Mccool, Brian A. Bulla

Faculty Publications

Intensive longitudinal research designs are becoming more common in the field of neuropsychology. They are a powerful approach to studying development and change in naturally occurring phenomena. However, to fully capitalize on the wealth of data yielded by these designs, researchers have to understand the nature of multilevel data structures. The purpose of the present article is to describe some of the basic concepts and techniques involved in modeling multilevel data structures. In addition, this article serves as a step-by-step tutorial to demonstrate how neuropsychologists can implement basic multilevel modeling techniques with real data and the R package, lmerTest. R …

Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing (Emdr) Practitioners’ Beliefs About Memory, Sanne T.L. Houben, Henry Otgaar, Jeffrey Roelofs, Ineke Wessel, Lawrence Patihis, Harald Merckelbach

Faculty Publications

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a widely used treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. The idea behind EMDR is that lateral eye movements may mitigate the emotional impact of traumatic memories. Given the focus on changing patients’ memories, it is important that EMDR practitioners have detailed knowledge about human memory. We explored beliefs and ideas about memory in samples of EMDR practitioners (Study 1: n = 12; Study 2: n = 41), students (Study 1: n =35; Study 2: n = 24), and researchers (Study 2: n = 30). All groups seemed to be aware of the fallibility of …

Fourth-Order Adjoint Sensitivity And Uncertainty Analysis Of An Oecd/Nea Reactor Physics Benchmark: I. Computed Sensitivities, Ruixian Fang, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This work extends the investigation of higher-order sensitivity and uncertainty analysis from 3rd-order to 4th-order for a polyethylene-reflected plutonium (PERP) OECD/NEA reactor physics benchmark. Specifically, by applying the 4th-order comprehensive adjoint sensitivity analysis methodology (4th-CASAM) to the PERP benchmark, this work presents the numerical results of the most important 4th-order sensitivities of the benchmark’s total leakage response with respect to the benchmark’s 180 microscopic total cross sections, which includes 180 4th-order unmixed sensitivities and 360 4th-order mixed sensitivities corresponding to the largest 3rd-order ones. The numerical results obtained in this work reveal that the number of 4th-order relative sensitivities that …

Through The Looking Glass: Longitudinal Evidence Providing New Insight For Motor Competence And Health, Lisa M. Barnett, E. Kipling Webster, Ryan M. Hulteen, An V. De Meester, Nadia C. Valentini, Matthieu Lenoir, Caterina Pesce, Nancy Getchell, Vitor P. Lopes, Leah E. Robinson, Ali Brian, Luis P. Rodrigues

Faculty Publications

Introduction In 2008, a conceptual model explaining the role of motor competence (MC) in children’s physical activity (PA), weight status, perceived MC and health-related fitness was published.

Objective The purpose of the current review was to systematically compile mediation, longitudinal and experimental evidence in support of this conceptual model.

Methods This systematic review (registered with PROSPERO on 28 April 2020) was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Separate searches were undertaken for each pathway of interest (final search 8 November 2019) using CINAHL Complete, ERIC, Medline (OVID), PsycINFO, Web of Science …

Honoring The Mother Of All People; Contemporary Indigenous Leadership In Revitalizing Environmental And Cultural Sustainability, Katharine A. Duderstadt, Alexandra G. Martin, Svetlana Peshkova, Siobhan Senier, Jennifer F. Brewer, Daniel R. Howard

Faculty Publications

This series of events brings Indigenous perspectives from 22 Indigenous speakers across the U.S. and Arctic regions to discussions of sustainable futures within the New Hampshire community. There is growing movement in the academic community to understand how Indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage can deepen our thinking about sustainable futures. While most researchers recognize that anthropogenic climate change and other sustainability challenges require humanistic as well as scientific approaches, many have yet to thoroughly understand the colonial legacies that initiated many of these sustainability problems and continue to impede our study and solutions. The 2020-2021 Sidore Series was designed to …

Ocean Regime Shift Is Driving Collapse Of The North Atlantic Right Whale Population, Erin L. Meyer-Gutbrod, Charles H. Greene, Kimberley T.A. Davies, David G. Johns

Faculty Publications

Ocean warming linked to anthropogenic climate change is impacting the ecology of marine species around the world. In 2010, the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf regions of the Northwest Atlantic underwent an unprecedented regime shift. Forced by climate-driven changes in the Gulf Stream, warm slope waters entered the region and created a less favorable foraging environment for the endangered North Atlantic right whale population. By mid-decade, right whales had shifted their late spring/summer foraging grounds from the Gulf of Maine and the western Scotian Shelf to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The population also began exhibiting unusually high …

Bright And Blind Spots Of Water Research In Latin America And The Caribbean, Alyssa J. Devincentis, Hervé Guillon, Romina Díaz Gómez, Noelle K. Patterson, Francine Van Den Brandeler, Srthur Koehl, Pablo Ortiz-Partida, Laura E. Garza-Díaz, Jennifer Gamez-Rodríguez, Erfan Goharian, Samuel Sandoval Solis

Faculty Publications

Water resources management in Latin America and the Caribbean is particularly threatened by climatic, economic, and political pressures. To assess the region's ability to manage water resources, we conducted an unprecedented literature review of over 20 000 multilingual research articles using machine learning and an understanding of the socio-hydrologic landscape. Results reveal that the region's vulnerability to water-related stresses, and drivers such as climate change, is compounded by research blind spots in niche topics (reservoirs and risk assessment) and subregions (Caribbean nations), as well as by its reliance on an individual country (Brazil). A regional bright spot, Brazil, produces well-rounded …