Digital Commons Network^™

Improving Speech Recognition Learning Through Lazy Training, Tony R. Martinez, Michael E. Rimer, D. Randall Wilson

Faculty Publications

Multi-layer backpropagation, like most learning algorithms that can create complex decision surfaces, is prone to overfitting. We present a novel approach, called lazy training, for reducing the overfit in multiple-layer networks. Lazy training consistently reduces generalization error of optimized neural networks by more than half on a large OCR dataset and on several real world problems from the UCI machine learning database repository. Here, lazy training is shown to be effective in a multi-layered adaptive learning system, reducing the error of an optimized backpropagation network in a speech recognition system by 50.0% on the TIDIGITS corpus.

Network Simplification Through Oracle Learning, Tony R. Martinez, Joshua Menke, Adam Peterson, Michael E. Rimer

Faculty Publications

Often the best artificial neural network to solve a real world problem is relatively complex. However, with the growing popularity of smaller computing devices (handheld computers, cellular telephones, automobile interfaces, etc.), there is a need for simpler models with comparable accuracy. The following research presents evidence that using a larger model as an oracle to train a smaller model on unlabeled data results in 1) a simpler acceptable model and 2) improved results over standard training methods on a similarly sized smaller model. On automated spoken digit recognition, oracle learning resulted in an artificial neural network of half the size …

Geochemistry Of Atmospheric Aerosols Generated From Lava-Seawater Interactions, Francis J. Sansone, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Joseph A. Resing, Eric H. Decarlo, Sue M. Vink, Jacqueline A. Heath, Barry J. Huebert

Faculty Publications

[1] Trace elements were measured in the aerosol plume produced by lava‐seawater interactions along the shoreline of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Plume concentrations were normalized relative to Hawaiian basalt composition and showed a linear log‐log co‐variation with their emanation coefficient (an indicator of element volatility). Normalized aerosol concentrations also consistently covaried with corresponding normalized concentrations in dilute fumarolic gas from Kilauea volcano and fumarolic gas condensates from Kudryavy and Merapi volcanoes, despite different mechanisms of element volatilization. Conservatively estimated regional ocean deposition rates of Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe and P were >50 times background rates. Thus, upper ocean …

Note On The Derivative Of The Hyperbolic Cotangent, G. W. Ford, R. F. O'Connell

Faculty Publications

In a letter to Nature (Ford G W and O'Connell R F 1996 Nature 380 113) we presented a formula for the derivative of the hyperbolic cotangent that differs from the standard one in the literature by an additional term proportional to the Dirac delta function. Since our letter was necessarily brief, shortly after its appearance we prepared a more extensive unpublished note giving a detailed explanation of our argument. Since this note has been referenced in a recent article (Estrada R and Fulling S A 2002 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35 3079) we think it appropriate that it …

Legal Theory And The Rule Of Law, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

In "Legal Theory and the Rule of Law" Noel Reynolds maintains that the rule of law can be understood as a set of conditions that rational actors would impose on any authority they would create to act in their stead in creating and administering legally binding rules. The authority and obligation associated with law derive from this fundamental convention, and the principles of the rule of law are the conditions of that agreement, which become thereby governing principles to which legislatures, judges, and enforcement agencies can be held in their official actions. These generally recognized standards are inherent in this …

Search For Lepton-Flavor Violation In E+P Collisions At Desy Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli

Faculty Publications

A search has been made for lepton-flavor-violating interactions of the type e+p→lX, where l denotes a μ or τ with high transverse momentum, at a center-of-mass energy √s of 300 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 47.7 pb-1 using the ZEUS detector at HERA. No evidence was found for lepton-flavor violation and constraints were derived on leptoquarks (LQs) that could mediate such interactions. For LQ masses below √s, limits are set on λeq1βlq, where λeq1 is the coupling of the LQ to an electron and a first-generation quark q1 and βlq is the branching ration of the LQ to l …

Annotated Bibliography Of Research In The Teaching Of English, Deborah Brown, Catherine Beavis, Judith Kalman, Anne D'Antonio Stinson, Melissa E. Whiting

Faculty Publications

Twice a year, in the May and November issues, RTE publishes a selected bibliography of recent research in the teaching of English and related fields. Most of the studies appeared during the six-month period preceding the compilation of the bibliography (July through December 2001 for the present bibliography), but some studies that appeared earlier are occasionally included. The listing is selective; we make no attempt to include all research and research-related articles that appeared in the period under review. Comments on the bibliography and suggestions about items for inclusion may be directed to the bibliography editors. We encourage you to …

Design Of Functionally Graded Composite Structures In The Presence Of Stress Constraints, Robert Lipton

Faculty Publications

In this work new homogenization results are used to introduce a methodology for the design of structural components made from composite materials in the presence of stress constraints. A numerical method is developed for finding functionally graded materials that provide the maximum torsional rigidity while keeping the mean square stress inside the composite structure below a prescribed level. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement Of The Photon-Proton Total Cross Section At A Center-Of-Mass Energy Of 209 Gev At Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli

Faculty Publications

The photon-proton total cross section has been measured in the process e+ p → e+ γp → e+ X with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Events were collected with photon virtuality Q2 < 0.02 GeV2 and average γp center-of-mass energy Wγp = 209 GeV in a dedicated run, designed to control systematic effects, with an integrated luminosity of 49 nb-1. The measured total cross section is σtotγp = 174 ± 1 (stat.) ± 13 (syst.) μb. The energy dependence of the cross section is compatible with parameterizations of high-energy pp and pap data. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

De Haas-Van Alphen Oscillations In The Quasi-Two-Dimensional Organic Conductor Κ-(Et)2cu(Ncs)2: The Magnetic Breakdown Approach, V. M. Gvozdikov, Yuriy V. Pershin Dr, E. Steep, A. G. M. Jansen, P. Wyder

Faculty Publications

We present both experimental data and an analytic theory for the de Haas–van Alphen ~dHvA! effect in the two-dimensional organic single-crystal conductor k -(ET)2Cu(NCS)2. We show that the magnetization oscillation pattern and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum of our measurements are well described theoretically within the coherent magnetic breakdown (MB) model for a two-dimensional Fermi surface consisting of two open sheets and closed pockets connected by magnetic breakdown centers. The spectrum of Landau quantized energy levels changes substantially due to the MB. Landau bands develop whose bandwidth and relative distance between them oscillate in inverse magnetic field. These oscillations …

High-Mass Dijet Cross Sections In Photoproduction At Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli

Faculty Publications

Dijet differential cross sections for the reaction e+ p → e+ + jet + jet + X in the photoproduction regime have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 42.7 pb-. The cross sections are given for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies in the range 134 < W < 277 GeV. The differential cross sections as a function of the dijet mass, MJJ, and of the dijet angular variables have been measured for 47 < MJJ < 160 GeV and compared to next-to-leading-order QCD calculations. The dijet events in the region 75 < MJJ < 100 GeV have been used to derive a 95% C.L. upper limit on the cross section for Z0 photoproduction of σ e+p→e+Z0X < 5.9 pb. Upper limits on the photoproduction of new heavy resonances decaying into two jets are also presented for masses in the range between 60 GeV and 155 GeV. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The Body In Resurrection: Science And Scripture On The "Spiritual Body" (1 Cor. 15:35-58), Alan G. Padgett

Faculty Publications

Understanding the science of Paul’s day helps us understand his comments on the resurrected body. Understanding the science of our day helps us proclaim the resurrection coherently to our own world.

Survey Of Research On Learning Styles, Rita Dunn, Jeffrey Beaudry Phd, Angela Klavas

Faculty Publications

A number of studies conducted during the last decade have found that students’ achievement increases when teaching methods match their learning styles—biological and developmental characteristics that affect how they learn.

Ephesians And Stoic Physics, David E. Fredrickson

Faculty Publications

A primer in Stoic physics is required to understand Ephesians’ description of the body of Christ. The result is problematic

Body Of Christ: Our Diversity In Him, Lois E. Malcolm

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reorganizations And Stochastic Collateral Value, Royce De R. Barondes

Faculty Publications

Bebchuk and Fried propose using a series of auctions to implement a market-based methodology for valuing secured claims in a reorganization. This Article demonstrates their procedure can result in a secured creditor receiving more than its ex ante bargain, and that the probability distribution of possible collateral values can be relevant to fulfilling the ex ante bargain. This Article further develops and examines a refinement of the Bebchuk and Fried procedure that provides an approximate solution to the overcompensation of secured creditors. This refinement reconceptualizes collateral as comprising two components: (i) a call option on that property, exercisable at the …

The Sabbath In The First Creation Accounts, Jiri Moskala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Inauguration Or Day Of Atonement?: A Response To Norman Young's "Old Testament Background To Hebrews 6:19-20 Revisited", Richard M. Davidson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Law And Economics Of Consumer Finance, Richard M. Hynes, Eric A. Posner

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Uniform Trust Code (2000): Significant Provisions And Policy Issues, David M. English

Faculty Publications

This Article provides an overview of the UTC, describes how it responds to recent developments in American trust practice, and describes how its enactment would change the trust law prevailing in most American states.

Dijet Photoproduction At Hera And The Structure Of The Photon, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli

Faculty Publications

The dijet cross section in photoproduction has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb-1. The events were required to have a virtuality of the incoming photon, Q2, of less than 1 GeV2 and a photon-proton centre-of-mass energy in the range 134 < Wγp < 277 GeV. Each event contains at least two jets satisfying transverse-energy requirements of ETjet1 > 14 GeV and ETjet2 > 11 GeV and pseudorapidity requirements of -1 < ηjet1,2 < 2.4. The measurements are compared to next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. The data show particular sensitivity to the density of partons in the photon, allowing the validity of the current parameterisations to be tested.

Newspaper Critic Shapes Chicago Style Of Theater, Scott B. Fosdick

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Master-Slave Rituals Of Power At A Gold Mine In Nineteenth Century Brazil, Matt D. Childs

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Habeas Review Of Perfunctory State Court Decisions On The Merits, Scott Dodson

Faculty Publications

This article discusses the appropriate standard of review a federal habeas court should use to review a state-court determination of federal law unaccompanied by a federally-based rationale. In other words, what standard of review does the federal court employ when the state court’s opinion is wholly composed of the phrases: “The claims are without merit. Denied.”? The Supreme Court has not explicitly resolved the issue, and various federal judges around the country have reached different opinions. This article argues that a close scrutiny of the controlling habeas corpus statute, relevant case law, and policy considerations leads to the conclusion that …

Harmony And Diversity In Global Patent Law, John F. Duffy

Faculty Publications

The second half of the twentieth century saw the rise of a broad movement to harmonize patent laws across nation-states. The most recent, and most significant, manifestation of this movement is the 1994 TRIPS Agreement, which requires signatory nations to adopt uniform rules on many major issues of patent law. The TRIPS Agreement has now been implemented by well over one hundred countries, including almost all major industrial nations, and it heralds a new level of international uniformity in patent law.

This Article, while acknowledging the value of some harmonization of national law , explores the possible costs of the …

The Steel Seizure Case: One Of A Kind?, Neal Devins, Louis Fisher

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Anomalous Conductance Distribution In Quasi-One-Dimensional Gold Wires: Possible Violation Of The One-Parameter Scaling Hypothesis, Pritiraj Mohanty, Richard A. Webb

Faculty Publications

We report measurements of conductance distribution in a set of quasi-one-dimensional gold wires. The distribution includes the second cumulant or the variance which describes the universal conductance fluctuations, and the third cumulant which denotes the leading deviation. We have observed an asymmetric contribution—or, a nonvanishing third cumulant—contrary to the expectation for quasi-one-dimensional systems in the noninteracting theories in the one-parameter scaling framework, which include the perturbative diagrammatic calculations and the random matrix theory.

But Can You Count On Them To Be Ethical?, Melvin J. Dubnick, Jonathan B. Justice

Faculty Publications

The issue addressed in this paper is whether the linkage between accountability and ethics makes sense in light of what we know about social and psychological behavior. And if the connection between the two makes analytic sense, what are the implications of those linkages for our understanding of public administrative ethics? We will show that there is indeed (at the least) an analytic connection between accountability and ethics, and that the relationship is a complex one rooted in the fact that accountability is itself takes multiple and relatively distinct forms in the lives of public administrators. Furthermore, we contend that …

The Evolving Accretion Disc In The Black Hole X-Ray Transient Xte J1859+226, R. I. Hynes, C. A. Haswell, S. Chaty, C. R. Shrader, W. Cui

Faculty Publications

We present HST, RXTE, and UKIRT observations of the broad-band spectra of the black hole X-ray transient XTE J1859+226 during the decline from its 1999-2000 outburst. Our UV spectra define the 2175-Å interstellar absorption feature very well and based on its strength we estimate E(B - V) = 0.58 ± 0.12. Hence we deredden our spectra and follow the evolution of the spectral energy distribution on the decline from outburst. We find that the UV and optical data, and the X-ray thermal component when detectable, can be fitted with a simple blackbody model of an accretion disc heated by internal …

Rapid Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Connection Establishment: Accelerating Bluetooth Inquiry Using Irda, Trevor Clifton, Derek D. Joos, Charles D. Knutson, Ryan W. Woodings

Faculty Publications

Bluetooth device discovery is a time-intensive phase of the Bluetooth connection-establishment procedure. In this paper we propose a technique that integrates existing IrDA technology with Bluetooth technology to improve the ad hoc connection establishment time of Bluetooth devices. We accomplish this improvement by first establishing an IrDA connection between two devices equipped with both Bluetooth and IrDA capabilities and then exchanging Bluetooth device discovery information via the established IrDA connection. As a result of this cooperative exchange, the devices are able to bypass the time-intensive Bluetooth device discovery procedure. Our research shows that IrDA-assisted Bluetooth connection establishment is up to …