Digital Commons Network^™

A New View Of Ridge Segmentation And Near-Axis Volcanism At The East Pacific Rise, 8˚–12˚N, From Em300 Multibeam Bathymetry, Scott M. White, Rachel M. Haymon, S M. Carbotte

Faculty Publications

New, high-resolution bathymetry for the East Pacific Rise between 8˚N and 12˚N was collected over a6 km wide swath centered on the ridge axis using the 30 kHz Simrad EM300 multibeam system. Thecoverage area corresponds latitudinally to the designated Ridge2000 Integrated Studies Site (ISS) for fastspreading ridges. The EM300 data, gridded at 30 m latitude by 50 m longitude, represent a greater than 4Ximprovement in horizontal resolution over previously available multibeam data and a 2X improvement indepth resolution. The new bathymetry was used to update the locations and hierarchy of ridge offsets forthis area. Among the many applications for this …

Geological And Oceanographic Perspectives On Event Bed Formation During Hurricane Katrina, T. R. Keen, Y. Furukawa, S. J. Bentley, R. L. Slingerland, W. J. Teague, J. D. Dykes, C. D. Rowley

Faculty Publications

Storm deposits in ancient shelf sediments typically form thick sequences of interbedded sand and mud deposited during shoreline regression, whereas modern shelf sediments are generally thin veneers deposited during shoreline transgression. In this paper we present a preliminary comparison between ancient and modern storm beds deposited in these disparate contexts. Hurricane Katrina deposited a storm bed on the Louisiana shelf with a maximum observed thickness of 0.58 m, which thinned to approximately 0.1 m at 200 km west of landfall. This thickness is similar to event beds observed in both ancient and modern sediments. Using data for tropical cyclone landfalls …

Rapid Decay Of Tree-Community Composition In Amazonian Forest Fragments, William F. Laurance, Henrique E.M. Nascimento, Susan G. Laurance, Ana Andrade, José E.L.S. Ribeiro, Juan Pablo Giraldo, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Richard Condit, Jerome Chave, Kyle E. Harms, Sammya D'Angelo

Faculty Publications

Forest fragmentation is considered a greater threat to vertebrates than to tree communities because individual trees are typically long-lived and require only small areas for survival. Here we show that forest fragmentation provokes surprisingly rapid and profound alterations in Amazonian tree-community composition. Results were derived from a 22-year study of exceptionally diverse tree communities in 40 1-ha plots in fragmented and intact forests, which were sampled repeatedly before and after fragment isolation. Within these plots, trajectories of change in abundance were assessed for 267 genera and 1,162 tree species. Abrupt shifts in floristic composition were driven by sharply accelerated tree …

Svm Classifier: A Comprehensive Java Interface For Support Vector Machine Classification Of Microarray Data, Mehdi Pirooznia, Youping Deng

Faculty Publications

Motivation

Graphical user interface (GUI) software promotes novelty by allowing users to extend the functionality. SVM Classifier is a cross-platform graphical application that handles very large datasets well. The purpose of this study is to create a GUI application that allows SVM users to perform SVM training, classification and prediction.

Results

The GUI provides user-friendly access to state-of-the-art SVM methods embodied in the LIBSVM implementation of Support Vector Machine. We implemented the java interface using standard swing libraries.

We used a sample data from a breast cancer study for testing classification accuracy. We achieved 100% accuracy in classification among the …

Hurricane Prediction: A Century Of Advances, Nan D. Walker, Alaric Haag, Shreekanth Balasubramanian, Robert Leben, Ivor Van Heerden, Paul Kemp, Hassan Mashriqui

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Detection Of The Irradiated Donor In The Lmxbs 4u 1636-536 (=V801 Ara) And 4u 1735-444 (=V926 Sco), J. Casares, R. Cornelisse, D. Steeghs, P. A. Charles, R. I. Hynes, K. O'Brien, T. E. Strohmayer

Faculty Publications

Phase-resolved VLT spectroscopy of the bursting low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1636-536/V801 Ara and 4U 1735-444/V926 Sco is presented. Doppler images of the N III λ4640 Bowen transition reveal compact spots which we attribute to fluorescent emission from the donor star and enable us to define a new set of spectroscopic ephemerides. We measure K em = 277 ± 22 and 226 ± 22 kms -1 from the N III spots in V801 Ara and V926 Sco, respectively, which represent strict lower limits to the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the donor stars. Our new ephemerides provide confirmation that light-curve maxima in …

Polaris: A System-Level Roadmap For On-Chip Interconnection Networks, Vassos Soteriou, Noel Eisley, Hangsheng Wang, Bin Li, Li Shiuan Peh

Faculty Publications

Technology trends are driving parallel on-chip architectures in the form of multi-processor systems-on-a-chip (MPSoCs) and chip multi-processors (CMPs). In these systems the increasing on-chip communication demand among the computation elements necessitates the use of scalable, nigh-bandwidth network-on-chip (NoC) fabrics. As transistor feature sizes are further miniaturized leading to rapidly increasing amounts of on-chip resources, more complicated and powerful NoC architectures become feasible that can support more sophisticated and demanding applications. Given tne myriad emerging software-hardware combinations, for cost-effectiveness, a system designer critically needs to prune this widening NoC design space to identify the architecture(s) that best balance(s) cost/performance, before the …

Sines Of A Nearly Perfect Character, David A. Ray, Jinchuan Xing, Abdel Halim Salem, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

Mobile elements have been recognized as powerful tools for phylogenetic and population-level analyses. However, issues regarding potential sources of homoplasy and other misleading events have been raised. We have collected available data for all phylogenetic and population level studies of primates utilizing Alu insertion data and examined them for potentially homoplasious and other misleading events. Very low levels of each potential confounding factor in a phylogenetic or population analysis (i.e., lineage sorting, parallel insertions, and precise excision) were found. Although taxa known to be subject to high levels of these types of events may indeed be subject to problems when …

M-Body Pure State Entanglement, Feng Pan, J. P. Draayer

Faculty Publications

The simple entanglement of N-body N-particle pure states is extended to the more general M-body or M-body N-particle states where N ≠ M. Some new features of the M-body N-particle pure states a re discussed. An application of the measure to quantify quantum correlations in a Bose-Einstien condensate model is demonstrated. © 2006 World Scientific Publishing Company.

Variation Within Dialects: A Case Of Cajun/Creole Influence Within Child Saae And Swe, Janna B. Oetting, April Wimberly Garrity

Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study examined whether child speakers of Southern African American English (SAAE) and Southern White English (SWE) who were also perceived by some listeners to present a Cajun/Creole English (CE) influence within their dialects produced elevated rates of 6 phonological and 5 morphological patterns of vernacular relative to other SAAE- and SWE-speaking children. Method: A group comparison design was followed. The data were listener judgments, 1-min audiotaped excerpts of conversational speech, and transcribed language samples from 93 children (31 classified as specifically language impaired while the others were classified as either aged-matched or language-matched controls; 13 classified as SWE …

Vision-Based Target Geo-Location Using A Fixed-Wing Miniature Air Vehicle, D. Blake Barber, Joshua D. Redding, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Clark N. Taylor

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a method for determining the GPS location of a ground-based object when imaged from a fixed-wing miniature air vehicle (MAV). Using the pixel location of the target in an image, with measurements of MAV position and attitude, and camera pose angles, the target is localized in world coordinates. The main contribution of this paper is to present four techniques for reducing the localization error. In particular, we discuss RLS filtering, bias estimation, flight path selection, and wind estimation. The localization method has been implemented and flight tested on BYU’s MAV testbed and experimental results are presented demonstrating …

Information Infrastructure For Integrated Ecohydraulic And Water Resources Modeling And Assessment, R. Wallace, K. Pathak, M. Fife, Norman L. Jones, J. P. Holland, D. Stuart, J. Harris, C. Butler, D. R. Richards

Faculty Publications

Watershed management increasingly requires ecohydraulic modeling and assessment within a regional context, rather than on a project-by-project basis. Such holistic modeling and assessment require evaluation capabilities across multiple temporal and spatial scales. Thus, modeling and assessment tools must be integrated in a scientifically and computationally effective infrastructure. The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, in concert with the Hydrologic Engineering Center and its academic partners, including Brigham Young University, is establishing a comprehensive set of hydroinformatics modeling and assessment tools for ecohydraulic and water resources management applications, all linked based on a common data and information infrastructure. This paper …

The Smith-Mundt Act's Ban On Domestic Propaganda: An Analysis Of The Cold War Statute Limiting Access To Public Diplomacy, Edward L. Carter, Allen W. Palmer

Faculty Publications

For more than fifty years, the U.S. Code has authorized the federal government to disseminate messages about America to international audiences. For at least thirty years, federal law has also prohibited those international propaganda messages from being disseminated within the United States. Given the realities of the acceleration and dispersion of information flow across international borders in the twenty-first century, a ban on dissemination of information that is tied to geographic boundaries raises both practical and policy issues. The domestic dissemination ban may have outlived its usefulness and relevance. Further, futile enforcement of the statute contradicts general U.S. policy promoting …

The Large‐Scale Freshwater Cycle Of The Arctic, Mark C. Serreze, Andrew P. Barrett, Andrew G. Slater, Rebecca A. Woodgate, Knut Aagaard, Richard B. Lammers, Michael Steele, Richard Moritz, Michael Meredith, Craig M. Lee

Faculty Publications

This paper synthesizes our understanding of the Arctic's large‐scale freshwater cycle. It combines terrestrial and oceanic observations with insights gained from the ERA‐40 reanalysis and land surface and ice‐ocean models. Annual mean freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean is dominated by river discharge (38%), inflow through Bering Strait (30%), and net precipitation (24%). Total freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic is dominated by transports through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (35%) and via Fram Strait as liquid (26%) and sea ice (25%). All terms are computed relative to a reference salinity of 34.8. Compared to earlier estimates, …

Trapping Phyllophaga Spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) In The United States And Canada Using Sex Attractants, Paul S. Robbins, Steven R. Alm, Charles D. Armstrong, Anne L. Averill, Thomas C. Baker, Robert J. Bauernfiend, Frederick P. Baxendale, S. Kris Braman, Rick L. Brandenburg, Daniel B. Cash, Gary J. Couch, Richard S. Cowles, Robert L. Crocker, Zandra D. Delamar, Timothy G. Dittl, Sheila M. Fitzpatrick, Kathy L. Flanders, Tom Forgatsch, Timothy J. Gibb, Bruce D. Gill, Daniel O. Gilrein, Clyde S. Gorsuch, Abner M. Hammond, Patricia D. Hastings, David W. Held, Paul R. Heller, Rose T. Hiskes, James L. Holliman, William G. Hudson, Michael G. Klein, Vera L. Krischik, David J. Lee, Charles E. Linn

Faculty Publications

The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified. Three major findings included: (1) widespread use of the two compounds [of the 147 Phyllophaga (sensu stricto) species found in the United States and Canada, males of nearly 40% were captured]; (2) in most species intraspecific male response to the …

Boundary Manifolds Of Projective Hypersurfaces, Daniel C. Cohen, Alexander I. Suciu

Faculty Publications

We study the topology of the boundary manifold of a regular neighborhood of a complex projective hypersurface. We show that, under certain Hodge-theoretic conditions, the cohomology ring of the complement of the hypersurface functorially determines that of the boundary. When the hypersurface defines a hyperplane arrangement, the cohomology of the boundary is completely determined by the combinatorics of the underlying arrangement and the ambient dimension. We also study the LS category and topological complexity of the boundary manifold, as well as the resonance varieties of its cohomology ring. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Santa Clara County Soft First Story Multi Unit Building Survey, Guna S. Selvaduray, S. Vukazich, J. Tran

Faculty Publications

The objective of this survey was to provide data to emergency managers in Santa Clara County on the number of soft first-story multifamily dwellings (MFD) located in their communities using a cost-effective town-gown partnership. Target areas of cities were found by identifying areas containing residential units of two or more stories that had four or more living units. The survey found that 2,630, or 36%, of the 7,391 MFD in Santa Clara County are of the soft first-story construction type. It was found that one out of every nine apartment units in Santa Clara County is located in a soft …

Cultural Competence In Action: A Framework And Practical Strategies For Clinicians, Nidhi Mahendra, Dolores Battle, Joan Payne

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Changes In Understory Vegetation Of A Ponderosa Pine Forest In Northern Arizona 30 Years After A Wildfire, Amanda L. Bataineh, Brian P. Oswald, Mohammad M. Bataineh, Hans M. Williams, Dean W. Coble

Faculty Publications

Wildland fires can cause shifts in understory species composition and production. Many studies have examined short-term changes in understory vegetation following a wildfire; however, very few long term studies are available. The objective of this study was to examine changes in understory (herb and shrub) species composition and production since the 1972 Rattle Burn wildfire on the Coconino National Forest near Flagstaff, Arizona. Understory species composition and production were originally sampled in 1972, 1974, and 1980 and were re-sampled during July and August of 2002 and 2003 on 30 plots in each of four sites: high severity burn, low severity …

Voluntary Participation And Informed Consent International Genetic Research, Patricia A. Marshall, Clement A. Adebamowo, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Temidayo O. Ogundiran, Mirjana Vekich, Teri Strenski, Jie Zhou, T. Elaine Prewitt, Richard S. Cooper, Charles N. Rotimi

Faculty Publications

Objectives. We compared voluntary participation and comprehension of informed consent among individuals of African ancestry enrolled in similarly designed genetic studies of hypertension in the United States and Nigeria. Methods. Survey questionnaires were used to evaluate factors associated with voluntariness (the number of people volunteering) and understanding of the study's genetic purpose. A total of 655 individuals (United States: 348; Nigeria: 307) were interviewed after participation in the genetic studies. Results. Most US respondents (99%), compared with 72% of Nigerian respondents, reported being told the study purpose. Fewer than half of the respondents at both sites reported that the study …

A Review Of Accelerated Test Models, Luis A. Escobar, William Q. Meeker

Faculty Publications

Engineers in the manufacturing industries have used accelerated test (AT) experiments for many decades. The purpose of AT experiments is to acquire reliability information quickly. Test units of a material, component, subsystem or entire systems are subjected to higher-than-usual levels of one or more accelerating variables such as temperature or stress. Then the AT results are used to predict life of the units at use conditions. The extrapolation is typically justified (correctly or incorrectly) on the basis of physically motivated models or a combination of empirical model fitting with a sufficient amount of previous experience in testing similar units. The …

Legal Cases Illustrate Lending Do's And Don'ts, Neil Fulton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Time-Varying Mimo Channels: Measurement, Analysis, And Modeling, Michael A. Jensen, Jon W. Wallace

Faculty Publications

communication nodes is analyzed. A wide-band 8 times 8 sounder is employed to measure the response of indoor and outdoor channels at 2.55 and 5.2 GHz. The rate of channel temporal variation is then quantified in terms of information theoretic metrics that indicate the loss in channel quality as transmit and receive channel state information becomes increasingly outdated. Finally, these metrics are used to investigate the ability of two different modeling strategies-a random matrix model and a physical time-varying cluster model-to capture the channel temporal variation.

The Effects Of The Strong Kids Curriculum On Students At-Risk For Internalizing Behavior Disorders, Marenda Brown, Michelle Marchant, Paul Caldarella, Hilda Sabbah, Michael Adams

Faculty Publications

Advantage of Deveoping Social/Emotional Skills in Schools: School is a context that is accessible to children and youth. Schools provide an environment rich in opportunities for social and emotional development (Miller et al., 1998). Classroom experiences are made up of social and emotional interactions (Elksnin & Elksnin, 2006). Children typically feel comfortable in the school setting (Roeser, 2001).

An M/M/1 Retrial Queue With Unreliable Server, Nathan P. Sherman, Jeffrey P. Kharoufeh

Faculty Publications

We analyze an unreliable M/M/1 retrial queue with infinite-capacity orbit and normal queue. Retrial customers do not rejoin the normal queue but repeatedly attempt to access the server at i.i.d. intervals until it is found functioning and idle. We provide stability conditions as well as several stochastic decomposability results.

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption In The Reduction Of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Critical Appraisal, Katie J. Walker, A. Elaine Bond, Renea L. Beckstrand, Mary Williams

Faculty Publications

This article examines the effects of omega-3 fatty acid consumption in reducing sudden cardiac death risk, and provides useful dosing recommendations for patients–with or without a history of coronary heart disease–in a primary care practice.

Analysis And Functional Annotation Of Expressed Sequence Tags From The Fall Armyworm Spodoptera Frugiperda, Youping Deng, Yinghua Dong, Venkata Thodima, Rollie J. Clem, A. Lorena Passareli

Faculty Publications

Background

Little is known about the genome sequences of lepidopteran insects, although this group of insects has been studied extensively in the fields of endocrinology, development, immunity, and pathogen-host interactions. In addition, cell lines derived from Spodoptera frugiperda and other lepidopteran insects are routinely used for baculovirus foreign gene expression. This study reports the results of an expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing project in cells from the lepidopteran insect S. frugiperda, the fall armyworm.

Results

We have constructed an EST database using two cDNA libraries from the S. frugiperda-derived cell line, SF-21. The database consists of 2,367 ESTs …

Are We Ready For The Nomads? (Remarks), Melvin J. Dubnick

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Emergency Nurses' Perceptions Of Obstacles And Supportive Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care, Sondra Heaston, Renea L. Beckstrand, A. Elaine Bond, Sheri P. Palmer

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Little is known about emergency nurses' perceptions of either obstacles or supportive behaviors for providing end-of life (EOL) care to dying patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived obstacles and supportive behaviors in providing EOL care to dying patients in emergency departments.

Methods: In this survey research, a 73-item questionnaire regarding EOL care was mailed to a geographically dispersed national random sample of 300 members of the Emergency Nurses Association. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the 54 Likert-type items and demographic items. Two open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: Returns after 3 mailings …

African-American Mitochondrial Dnas Often Match Mtdnas Found In Multiple African Ethnic Groups, Bert Ely, Jamie Lee Wilson, Fatimah Jackson, Bruce A. Jackson

Faculty Publications

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes have become popular tools for tracing maternal ancestry, and several companies offer this service to the general public. Numerous studies have demonstrated that human mtDNA haplotypes can be used with confidence to identify the continent where the haplotype originated. Ideally, mtDNA haplotypes could also be used to identify a particular country or ethnic group from which the maternal ancestor emanated. However, the geographic distribution of mtDNA haplotypes is greatly influenced by the movement of both individuals and population groups. Consequently, common mtDNA haplotypes are shared among multiple ethnic groups. We have studied the distribution of mtDNA …