Digital Commons Network^™

Overcoming Stickiness: An Empirical Investigation Of The Role Of The Template In The Replication Of Organizational Routines, Gabriel Szulanski, Robert J. Jensen

Faculty Publications

Knowledge assets are fundamental sources of competitive advantage. Accordingly, the prosperity of firms is increasingly predicated on their ability to mobilize those assets so that they can be properly exploited. Yet, valuable knowledge assets are often complex, intangible, and tacit organizational attributes embedded in organizational routines and are hard to mobilize. Thus, the reality of knowledge transfer rarely lives up to expectations. A central tenet in viewing transfers of knowledge as the replication of organizational routines is the importance of the template. We hypothesize that a template, i.e. a working example, is essential in replicating knowledge assets effectively. In this …

Ten Efficient Research Strategies For Distance Learning, Thomas C. Wright, Scott L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Today's distance education administrator, frequently with an expertise in another academic discipline, is also supposed to be a distance education scholar. This expectation results from the recent interest in distance learning that nearly all institutions of learning and disciplines of study have shown. More research, studies, journals, and essays about distance education also exist than at any other time.

A distance education administrator and an education research librarian at Brigham Young University have teamed up to identify ten pragmatic research strategies to help new, busy, and even a few experienced distance education administrators stay current in their field and successful …

The Vienna Convention On The Law Of Treaties In U.S. Treaty Interpretation, Evan J. Criddle

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Under The Empirical Radar: An Initial Expressive Law Analysis Of The Ada, Michael Ashley Stein

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

To Ghana: February-March 2004, Keith Clouten

Faculty Publications

The first indication that Ghana might be on my travel itinerary came during the ASDAL Conference 2000 held at Andrews University. Vida Mensah, who is library director at Valley View University in Ghana, was among several librarians who came to that conference from places worldwide. As the conference workshops drew to a close, Vida stopped by my office to talk about Valley View’s need for a new library, and to ask for my help in preparing specifications for a building. Nothing was promised, but there was an underlying assumption that I would come to Valley View University sometime soon to …

Analysis Of End-Of-Life Content In Critical Care Nursing Textbooks, Karin T. Kirchhoff, Renea L. Beckstrand, Prashanth Reddy Anumandla

Faculty Publications

Nurses have identified a need for improving their knowledge and skills in providing end-of-life care. Critical care nursing textbooks can serve as an important source of information on end-of-life care for critical care nurses. Hence, an analysis of end-of-life content in 14 critical care nursing textbooks was conducted. Critical care nursing textbooks used for review were published in 1995 or later and identified from the libraries at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Brigham Young University. The end-of-life content areas identified by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), under which the AACN end-of-life competencies for undergraduate nursing students can …

Multiwavelength Observations Revealing The Evolution Of The Outburst Of The Black Hole Xte J1118+480, S. Chaty, C. A. Haswell, J. Malzac, R. I. Hynes, C. R. Shrader, W. Cui

Faculty Publications

We report multiwavelength observations of the soft X-ray transient XTE J1118+480, which we observed with UKIRT, Hubble Space Telescope (HST), RXTE, Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) and many other instruments and facilities. Adding radio (Ryle Telescope, VLA), submillimetre (JCMT) and X-ray (Chandra and SAX) data from the literature, we assembled the most complete spectral energy distribution (SED) of this source yet published. We followed the evolution of this source for 1 yr, including six observations performed during the outburst, and one observation at the end of the outburst. Because of the unusually high galactic latitude of XTE J118+480, it suffers from …

A Study Of The Suitability Of Irobex For High-Speed Exchange Of Large Data Objects, Casey T. Deccio, Joseph Ekstrom, Charles D. Knutson, D. Ryan Partridge, Kevin B. Tew

Faculty Publications

This paper demonstrates that careful tuning of the OBEX and IrLAP negotiated parameters allows OBEX to scale well for use with large data objects and high transmission rates. Due to the substantial time overhead inherent in link turnarounds, minimizing turnarounds during the transmission of a large object helps to maximimize link efficiency. The IrLAP window size and OBEX packet size significantly impact the number of required turnarounds during the transmission of a large object. When these parameters are properly tuned, maximum throughput can be achieved, and OBEX performs efficiently at high data rates.

Molecular And Culture-Based Analyses Of Aerobic Carbon Monoxide Oxidizer Diversity, Gary M. King

Faculty Publications

Isolates belonging to six genera not previously known to oxidize CO were obtained from enrichments with aquatic and terrestrial plants. DNA from these and other isolates was used in PCR assays of the gene for the large subunit of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (coxL). CoxL and putative coxL fragments were amplified from known CO oxidizers (e.g., Oligotropha carboxidovorans and Bradyrhizobium japonicum), from novel CO-oxidizing isolates (e.g., Aminobacter sp. strain COX, Burkholderia sp. strain LUP, Mesorhizobium sp. strain NMB1, Stappia strains M4 and M8, Stenotrophomonas sp. strain LUP, and Xanthobacter sp. strain COX), and from several well-known isolates for which the capacity …

Uptake Of Carbon Monoxide And Hydrogen At Environmentally Relevant Concentrations By Mycobacteria, Gary M. King

Faculty Publications

Liquid culture assays revealed a previously unreported capacity for Mycobacterium bovis BCG, M. gordonae, and M. marinum to oxidize CO and for M. smegmatis to consume molecular hydrogen. M. bovis BCG, M. gordonae, M. smegmatis, and M. tuberculosis H37Ra oxidized CO at environmentally relevant concentrations (<50 >ppm); H2 oxidation by M. gordonae and M. smegmatis also occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations (< 10 ppm). CO was not consumed by M. avium or M. microti, although the latter appeared to possess CO dehydrogenase (CODH) genes based on PCR results with primers designed for the CODH large subunit, coxL. M. smegmatis and M. gordonae oxidized CO under suboxic (10 and 1% atmospheric oxygen) and anoxic conditions in the presence of nitrate; no oxidation occurred under anoxic conditions without nitrate. Similar results were obtained for H2 oxidation by M. smegmatis. Phylogenetic analyses of coxL PCR products indicated that mycobacterial sequences form a subclade distinct from that of other bacterial coxL, with limited differentiation among fast- and slow-growing strains.

Constitutional Empiricism: Quasi-Neutral Principles And Constitutional Truths, Timothy Zick

Faculty Publications

The absence of neutrality and objectivity in constitutional decision-making has vexed scholars and courts. In this Article, the author describes and analyzes "constitutional empiricism," a trend instituted by the Rehnquist Court, which is characterized by judicial reliance in constitutional review on empirical and scientific conventions and processes. Courts have generally relied upon traditional sources, such as text and history, to interpret consititutional powers and rights. In its search for neutrality and objectivity, however, the Court has recently turned not only to social science and other data, which are fast becoming common sources of interpretation, but also to the precepts and …

Multiple Uav Cooperative Search Under Collision Avoidance And Limited Range Communication Constraints, Randal W. Beard, Timothy W. Mclain

Faculty Publications

This paper focuses on the problem of cooperatively searching, using a team of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), an area of interest that contains regions of opportunity and regions of potential hazard. The objective of the UAV team is to visit as many opportunities as possible, while avoiding as many hazards as possible. To enable cooperation, the UAVs are constrained to stay within communication range of one another. Collision avoidance is also required. Algorithms for team-optimal and individually-optimal/team-suboptimal solutions are developed and their computational complexity compared. Simulation results demonstrating the feasibility of the cooperative search algorithms are presented.

Ultracompact High-Efficiency Polarizing Beam Splitter With A Hybrid Photonic Crystal And Conventional Waveguide Structure, J. Cai, S. Kim, Gregory P. Nordin, J. Jiang

Faculty Publications

We propose an ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter that operates over a wide wavelength range and is based on a hybrid photonic crystal and a conventional waveguide structure. Within a small area (15 mm 3 10 mm), this polarizing beam splitter separates TM- and TE-polarized modes into orthogonal output waveguides. Results of simulations with the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method show that 99.3% of TM-polarized light is def lected by the photonic crystal structure (with a 28.0-dB extinction ratio), whereas 99.0% of TE-polarized light propagates through the structure (with a 32.2-dB extinction ratio). Wave vector diagrams are employed to explain the …

Local-Field Factors In A Polarized Two-Dimensional Electron Gas, Juana Moreno, C. Marinescu

Faculty Publications

We derive approximate expressions for the static local-field factors of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas that smoothly interpolate between their small- and large-wave-vector asymptotic limits. The proposed analytical expressions reproduce recent diffusion Monte Carlo data for the unpolarized and fully polarized electron gas. We find that the degree of spin polarization produces important modifications to the local factors of the minority spins, while the local-field functions of the majority spins are less affected. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

Rates Of Species Loss From Amazonian Forest Fragments, Gonçalo Ferraz, Gareth J. Russell, Philip C. Stouffer, Richard O. Bierregaard, Stuart L. Pimm, Thomas E. Lovejoy

Faculty Publications

In the face of worldwide habitat fragmentation, managers need to devise a time frame for action. We ask how fast do understory bird species disappear from experimentally isolated plots in the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, central Amazon, Brazil. Our data consist of mist-net records obtained over a period of 13 years in 11 sites of 1, 10, and 100 hectares. The numbers of captures per species per unit time, analyzed under different simplifying assumptions, reveal a set of species-loss curves. From those declining numbers, we derive a scaling rule for the time it takes to lose half the …

All Linear Optical Quantum Memory Based On Quantum Error Correction, Robert M. Gingrich, Pieter Kok, Hwang Lee, Farrokh Vatan, Jonathan P. Dowling

Faculty Publications

An error-correction scheme that encodes an unknown two-photon state into four photons, up to one of which can be lost in the transmission is presented. Such a device acts as a simple repeater or quantum transponder when it is placed in series, and it acts as an optical quantum memory when it is inserted in an optical loop. Using this scheme, the conversion between flying qubits and stationary qubits in memory is not necessary, as the memory and quantum logic gates are composed fo the same optical resources.

A New General Purpose Event Horizon Finder For 3d Numerical Spacetimes, Peter Diener

Faculty Publications

I present a new general purpose event horizon finder for full 3D numerical spacetimes. It works by evolving a complete null surface backwards in time. The null surface is described as the zero-level set of a scalar function, which in principle is defined everywhere. This description of the surface allows the surface, trivially, to change topology, making this event horizon finder able to handle numerical spacetimes where two (or more) black holes merge into a single final black hole.

Small Magellanic Cloud-Type Interstellar Dust In The Milky Way, Lynne A. Valencic, Geoffrey C. Clayton, Karl D. Gordon, Tracy L. Smith

Faculty Publications

It is well known that the sight line toward HD 204827 in the cluster Trumpler 37 shows a UV extinction curve that does not follow the average Galactic extinction relation. However, when a dust component, fore-ground to the cluster, is removed, the residual extinction curve is identical to that found in the SMC within the uncertainties. The curve is very steep and has little or no 2175 A bump. The position of HD 204827 in the sky is projected onto the edge of the Cepheus IRAS bubble. In addition, HD 204827 has an IRAS bow shock, indicating that it may …

New Constraints On Ωm, Ωλ And W From An Independent Set Of 11 High-Redshift Supernovae Observed With The Hubble Space Telescope, R. A. Knop, G. Aldering, R. Amanullah, P. Astier, G. Blanc, M. S. Burns, A. Conley, S. E. Deustua, M. Doi, R. Ellis, S. Fabbro, G. Folatelli, A. S. Fruchter, G. Garavini, S. Garmond, K. Garton, R. Gibbons, G. Goldhaber, A. Goobar, D. E. Groom, D. Hardin, I. Hook, D. A. Howell, A. G. Kim, B. C. Lee, C. Lidman, J. Mendez, S. Nobili, P. E. Nugent, R. Pain, N. Panagia, C. R. Pennypacker, S. Perlmutter

Faculty Publications

We report measurements of ΩM, ΩΛ nd w from 11 supernovae (SNe) at z = 0.36-0.86 with high-quality light curves measured using WFPC2 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This is an independent set of high-redshift SNe that confirms previous SN evidence for an accelerating universe. The high-quality light curves available from photometry on WFPC2 make it possible for these 11 SNe alone to provide measurements of the cosmological parameters comparable in statistical weight to the previous results. Combined with earlier Supernova Cosmology Project data, the new SNe yield a measurement of the mass density ΩM = 0.25 -0.06+0.07 (statistical) …

High Throughput Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Implicates Heat Shock Protein 90 In Plant Disease Resistance, Rui Lu, Isabelle Malcuit, Peter Moffett, Maria T. Ruiz, Jack Peart, Ai Jiuan Wu, John P. Rathjen, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Louise Day, David C. Baulcombe

Faculty Publications

Virus-induced gene silencing was used to assess the function of random Nicotiana benthamiana cDNAs in disease resistance. Out of 4992 cDNAs tested from a normalized library, there were 79 that suppressed a hypersensitive response (HR) associated with Pto-mediated resistance against Pseudomonas syringae. However, only six of these clones blocked the Pto-mediated suppression of P. syringae growth. The three clones giving the strongest loss of Pto resistance had inserts corresponding to HSP90 and also caused loss of Rx-mediated resistance against potato virus X and N-mediated tobacco mosaic virus resistance. The role of HSP90 as a cofactor of disease resistance is associated …

Heralded Two-Photon Entanglement From Probabilistic Quantum Logic Operations On Multiple Parametric Down-Conversion Sources, Todd B. Pittman, Michelle M. Donegan, Michael J. Fitch, Bryan C. Jacobs, James D. Franson, Pieter Kok, Hwang Lee, Jonathan P. Dowling

Faculty Publications

An ideal controlled-NOT gate followed by projective measurements can be used to identify specific Bell states of its two input qubits. When the input qubits are each members of independent Bell states, these projective measurements can be used to swap the post-selected entanglement onto the remaining two qubits. Here we apply this strategy to produce heralded two-photon polarization entanglement using Bell states that originate from independent parametric down-conversion sources, and a particular probabilistic controlled-NOT gate that is constructed from linear optical elements. The resulting implementation is closely related to an earlier proposal by Sliwa and Banaszek, and can be intuitively …

Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism In A Metatherian, Didelphis Virginiana: Implications For Eutherians, Robert G. Tague

Faculty Publications

Eutherians give birth to relatively large infants. Females have larger pelves than males, though males typically have larger nonpelvic bones. Pelvic dimorphism is an adaptation for parturition. Metatherian females, who give birth to markedly small infants, should not show pelvic adaptations for parturition and should have smaller pelves than males. Adult females and males of the Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana, are compared. Males are significantly larger than females in absolute size for 14 of 16 pelvic and 8 nonpelvic measures. Sexes did not differ significantly for lower iliac length and posterior space of midplane. However, relative lengths for females are …

Similar Gene Structure Of Two Sox9a Genes And Their Expression Patterns During Gonadal Differentiation In A Teleost Fish, Rice Field Eel (Monopterus Albus), Rongjia Zhou, Li Liu, Yiqing Guo, Hongshi Yu, Hanhua Cheng, Xiao Huang, Terrence R. Tiersch, Philippe Berta

Faculty Publications

The Sox9 gene encodes a transcription factor that is critical for testis determination and chondrogenesis in vertebrates. Mutations in human SOX9 cause campomelic dysplasia, a dominant skeletal dysmorphology syndrome often associated with male to female sex reversal. Here we show that the Sox9a gene was duplicated during evolution of the rice field eel, Monopterus albus, a freshwater fish which undergoes natural sex reversal from female to male during its life, and has a haploid genome size (0.6-0.8 pg) that is among the smallest of the vertebrates. The duplicated copies of the gene (named Sox9a1 and Sox9a2) fit within the Sox9 …

Rules And Fuzzy Rules In Text: Concept, Extraction And Usage, D. H. Kraft, M. J. Martín-Bautista, J. Chen, D. Sánchez

Faculty Publications

Several concepts and techniques have been imported from other disciplines such as Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to the field of textual data. In this paper, we focus on the concept of rule and the management of uncertainty in text applications. The different structures considered for the construction of the rules, the extraction of the knowledge base and the applications and usage of these rules are detailed. We include a review of the most relevant works of the different types of rules based on their representation and their application to most of the common tasks of Information Retrieval such as …

Portals To The Past, Diane Duesterhoeft, Trish Keogh

Faculty Publications

The article describes the effort to preserve the artifacts of a unique organization: video recordings of the President’s Peace Commission symposia held at St. Mary's University. Since cultural and educational institutions preserve their history with varying degrees of success, libraries can provide an important link to preservation. In addition to describing the reasons and process for coordinating with the St. Mary’s Learning Resources Center for videotaping of panel sessions, the original cataloging of these videotapes and incorporation into the Louis J. Blume Library collection is described. These videotapes can disseminate what transpired to a larger audience, and they provide a …

Laplace And Segal-Bargmann Transforms On Hermitian Symmetric Spaces And Orthogonal Polynomials, Mark Davidson, Gestur Ólafsson, Genkai Zhang

Faculty Publications

Let D = G/K be a complex bounded symmetric domain of tube type in a complex Jordan algebra V and let Dℝ = J ∩ D ⊂ D be its real form in a formally real Euclidean Jordan algebra J ⊂ V; Dℝ = H/L is a bounded realization of the symmetric cone in J. We consider representations of H that are gotten by the generalized Segal-Bargmann transform from a unitary G-space of holomorphic functions on D to an L2-space on DR. We prove that in the unbounded realization the inverse of the unitary part of the restriction map is …

Solar Neutrinos, Sno And Neutrino-Deuteron Reactions, Vladimir Gudkov, Kuniharu Kubodera

Faculty Publications

The standard nuclear physics approach and effective field theory approach for calculations of neutrino–deuteron cross sections for the solar neutrino energies are considered. Their main features, the level of accuracy and problems to be addressed for further developments are discussed.

The Remarkable Rapid X-Ray, Ultraviolet, Optical And Infrared Variability In The Black Hole Xte J1118+480, R. I. Hynes, C. A. Haswell, W. Cui, C. R. Shrader, K. O'Brien, S. Chaty, D. R. Skillman, J. Patterson, Keith Horne

Faculty Publications

The transient black-hole binary XTE J1118+480 exhibited dramatic rapid variability at all wavelengths which were suitably observed during its 2000 April-July outburst. We examine time-resolved X-ray, ultraviolet, optical and infrared data spanning the plateau phase of the outburst. We find that both X-ray and infrared bands show large amplitude variability. The ultraviolet and optical variability is more subdued, but clearly correlated with that seen in the X-rays. The ultraviolet, at least, appears to be dominated by the continuum, although the lines are also variable. Using the X-ray variations as a reference point, we find that the ultraviolet (UV) variability at …

Predictive Joint Motion Limiting In Robotic Applications, Edward Red, Brian Fielding

Faculty Publications

Three joint space algorithms slow the Cartesian path motion when it appears that joint motion is approaching a joint, speed, or acceleration limit. All three algorithms use quadratic curve fitting to predict where the joint motion is heading, followed by a prediction as to how much time would elapse until a limit is reached.

Combined Beamforming And Space-Time Block Coding With Sparse Array Antennas, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Mohammad Ghavami

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.