Digital Commons Network^™

Members And Outsiders: An Examination Of The Models Of United States Citizenship As Well As Questions Concerning European Union Citizenship, Ediberto Román

Faculty Publications

Be it in the United States or across the Atlantic, notions of citizenship conjure up thoughts of nationalism, membership, equality, price and patriotism. Though these notions suggest a sense of inclusion, the term citizenship also conjures up, for many, feelings of exclusion and subordination. This article will examine the fact that despite the virtuous rhetoric associated with the term, the status of citizen is often an elusive ideal, notwithstanding the attainment of such status. While the status is theoretically to include a litany of rights as well as a perception of belonging, for many in this society, citizenship means neither. …

Beyond The Polemic Against Junk Science: Navigating The Oceans That Divide Science And Law With Justice Breyer At The Helm, Joelle A. Moreno

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Facts, Shapes, Our Relationship With The Landscape: A Conversation With David Quammen, David Thomas Sumner

Faculty Publications

This interview with David Quammen is part of a series of conversations with contemporary western writers about the ethical and cultural implications of nature writing.

Nature Writing, American Literature, And The Idea Of Community: A Conversation With Barry Lopez, David Thomas Sumner

Faculty Publications

This interview with Barry Lopez is part of a series of conversations with contemporary western writers about the ethical and cultural implications of nature writing.

Biomedical Research Leaders: Report On Needs, Opportunities, Difficulties, Education And Training, And Evaluation, Samuel H. Wilson, Deborah Brown, Jay Moskowitz, Dan Hurley, David Brown, David Brown, Byron J. Bailey, Michael Mcclain, Marilyn Misenhimer, Judith Buckalew, Thomas Burks

Faculty Publications

The National Association of Physicians for the Environment (NAPE) has assumed a leadership role in protecting environmental health in recent years. The Committee of Biomedical Research Leaders was convened at the recent NAPE Leadership Conference: Biomedical Research and the Environment held on 1–2 November 1999, at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. This report summarizes the discussion of the committee and its recommendations. The charge to the committee was to raise and address issues that will promote and sustain environmental health, safety, and energy efficiency within the biomedical community. Leaders from every important research sector (industry laboratories, academic health …

Eosinophil Major Basic Protein-1 Does Not Contribute To Allergen-Induced Airway Pathologies In Mouse Models Of Asthma, K. L. Denzler, S. C. Farmer, J. R. Crosby, M. Borchers, G. Cieslewicz, K. A. Larson, S. Cormier-Regard, N. A. Lee, J. J. Lee

Faculty Publications

The relationship between eosinophils and the development of Ag-induced pulmonary pathologies, including airway hyper-responsiveness, was investigated using mice deficient for the secondary granule component, major basic protein-1 (mMBP-1). The loss of mMBP-1 had no effect on OVA-induced airway histopathologies or inflammatory cell recruitment. Lung function measurements of knockout mice demonstrated a generalized hyporeactivity to methacholine-induced airflow changes (relative to wild type); however, this baseline phenotype was observable only with methacholine; no relative airflow changes were observed in response to another nonspecific stimulus (serotonin). Moreover, OVA sensitization/aerosol challenge of wild-type and mMBP-1(-/-) mice resulted in identical dose-response changes to either methacholine …

Potential Gene Conversion And Source Genes For Recently Integrated Alu Elements, Astrid M. Roy, Marion L. Carroll, Son V. Nguyen, Abdel Halim Salem, Michael Oldridge, Andrew O.M. Wilkie, Mark A. Batzer, Prescott L. Deininger

Faculty Publications

Alu elements comprise >10% of the human genome. We have used a computational biology approach to analyze the human genomic DNA sequence databases to determine the impact of gene conversion on the sequence diversity of recently integrated Alu elements and to identify Alu elements that were potentially retroposition competent. We analyzed 269 Alu Ya5 elements and identified 23 members of a new Alu subfamily termed Ya5a2 with an estimated copy number of 35 members, including the de novo Alu insertion in the NFI gene. Our analysis of Alu elements containing one to four (Ya1-Ya4) of the Ya5 subfamily-specific mutations suggests …

Effect Of Harvest And Effective Population Size On Genetic Diversity In A Striped Bass Population, Marilyn Diaz, David S. Wethey, James Bulak, Bert Ely

Faculty Publications

A major factor that contributes to loss of genetic variation in natural populations is a small effective population size. In species with a complex life history that involves overlapping generations and delayed maturity, the impact of infrequent annual reproductive bottlenecks is likely to be small because effective population size is defined by the number of individuals contributing to a generation and not to a single year-class. The striped bass Morone saxatilis is a longlived species with overlapping generations and age structure, whose recreational and commercial importance has made it a target of intense harvest.We analyzed allele frequency fluctuation among juvenile …

Does A Rigid Body Limit Maneuverability?, Jeffrey A. Walker Phd

Faculty Publications

Whether a rigid body limits maneuverability depends on how maneuverability is defined. By the current definition, the minimum radius of the turn, a rigid-bodied, spotted boxfish Ostracion meleagris approaches maximum maneuverability, i.e. it can spin around with minimum turning radii near zero. The radius of the minimum space required to turn is an alternative measure of maneuverability. By this definition, O. meleagris is not very maneuverable. The observed space required by O. meleagris to turn is slightly greater than its theoretical minimum but much greater than that of highly flexible fish. Agility, the rate of turning, is related to maneuverability. …

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Acetaminophen, Cyclooxygenase 2, And Fever, Daniel L. Simmons, David Wagner, Kenneth Westover

Faculty Publications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used antipyretic agents that most probably exert their antifever effect by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX)–2. Thus, COX-2–selective drugs or null mutation of the COX-2 gene reduce or prevent fever. Acetaminophen is antipyretic and analgesic, as are NSAIDs, but it lacks the anti-inflammatory and anticoagulatory properties of these drugs. This has led to the speculation that a COX variant exists that is inhibitable by acetaminophen. An acetaminophen-inhibitable enzyme is inducible in the mouse J774.2 monocyte cell line. Induction of acetaminophen-inhibitable prostaglandin E2 synthesis parallels induction of COX-2. Thus, inhibition of pharmacologically distinct COX-2 enzyme activity by …

Affirmative Actions, William W. Van Alstyne

Faculty Publications

Liberals and progressives have been slow to realize that their preferred vocabulary has been hijacked and that when they respond to once hallowed phrases they are responding to a ghost now animated by a new machme. The point is not a small one, for in any debate, especially one fought in the arena of public opinion, the battle is won not by knock-down arguments but by the party that succeeds in placing its own spin on the terms presiding over the discussion.

Discovery Of A Novel, Paternally Expressed Ubiquitin-Specific Processing Protease Gene Through Comparative Analysis Of An Imprinted Region Of Mouse Chromosome 7 And Human Chromosome 19q13.4, Joomyeong Kim, Vladimir N. Noskov, Xiaochen Lu, Anne Bergmann, Xiaojia Ren, Tiffany Warth, Paul Richardson, Natalya Kouprina, Lisa Stubbs

Faculty Publications

Using mouse BAC clones spanning an imprinted interval of proximal mouse chromosome 7 and the genomic sequence of the related interval of human chromosome 19q13.4, we have identified a novel mouse gene, Usp29 (ubiquitin-specific processing protease 29), near two known imprinted genes, Peg3 and Zim1. Gene Usp29 is located directly adjacent to Peg3 in a ″head-to-head″ orientation, and comprises exons distributed over a genomic distance of at least 400 kb. A similar human gene is also found in the homologous location in human chromosome 19q13.4. The mouse Usp29 gene is also imprinted and is transcribed mainly from the paternal allele …

High Phosphorylation Efficiency And Depression Of Uncoupled Respiration In Mitochondria Under Hypoxia, Erich Gnaiger, Gabriela Méndez, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

Mitochondria are confronted with low oxygen levels in the microenvironment within tissues; yet, isolated mitochondria are routinely studied under air-saturated conditions that are effectively hyperoxic, increase oxidative stress, and may impair mitochondrial function. Under hypoxia, on the other hand, respiration and ATP supply are restricted. Under these conditions of oxygen limitation, any compromise in the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation to oxygen consumption could accentuate ATP depletion, leading to metabolic failure. To address this issue, we have developed the approach of oxygen-injection microcalorimetry and ADP-injection respirometry for evaluating mitochondrial function at limiting oxygen supply. Whereas phosphorylation efficiency drops during ADP limitation …

Response Of Atmospheric Methane Consumption By Maine Forest Soils To Exogenous Aluminum Salts, K. Nanba, G. M. King

Faculty Publications

Atmospheric methane consumption by Maine forest soils was inhibited by additions of environmentally relevant levels of aluminum. Aluminum chloride was more inhibitory than nitrate or sulfate salts, but its effect was comparable to that of a chelated form of aluminum. Inhibition could be explained in part by the lower soil pH values which resulted from aluminum addition. However, significantly greater inhibition by aluminum than by mineral acids at equivalent soil pH values indicated that inhibition also resulted from direct effects of aluminum per se. The extent of inhibition by exogenous aluminum increased with increasing methane concentration for soils incubated in …

On The Assignment Of Gender To Chicano Anglicisms: Processes And Results, Robert N. Smead

Faculty Publications

The creation of neologisms through linguistic borrowing is a complex process. For donor language models to be transformed into host language replicas, phonological and morphological adaptation must take place. Part and parcel of that adaptation is the assignment of gender to loanwords in a host language like Spanish. The present article examines gender assignment in two corpora of loanwords (New Mexican and Southern Colorado Spanish: N=212 and General Chicano Spanish: N=595). Through the application of variable rule methodology (GoldVarb 2), five factors are posited as significant. Two of these categorically determine gender assignment when present: (1) the biological sex of …

Using Hydrothermal Time Concepts To Model Seed Germination Response To Temperature Dormancy Loss And Priming Effects In Elymus Elymoides, Phil S. Allen, Susan E. Meyer, Susan B. Debaene-Gill

Faculty Publications

Hydrothermal time (HTT) describes progress toward seed germination under various combinations of incubation water potential (Ψ) and temperature (T). To examine changes in HTT parameters during dormancy loss, seeds from two populations of the bunchgrass Elymus elymoides were incubated under seven temperature regimes following dry storage at 10, 20 and 30 °C for intervals from 0 to 16 weeks. Fully after-ripened seeds were primed for 1 week at a range of s. Data on germination rate during priming were used to obtain a HTT equation for each seed population, while data obtained following transfer to water were used to calculate …

Biological Implications Of A Discrete Mathematical Model For Collagen Deposition And Alignment In Dermal Wound Repair, J. C. Dallon, J. A. Sherratt, P. K. Maini, M. W. Ferguson

Faculty Publications

We develop a novel mathematical model for collagen deposition and alignment during dermal wound healing. We focus on the interactions between fibroblasts, modelled as discrete entities, and a continuous extracellular matrix composed of collagen and a fibrin based blood clot. There are four basic interactions assumed in the model: fibroblasts orient the collagen matrix, fibroblasts produce and degrade collagen and fibrin and the matrix directs the fibroblasts and determines the speed of the cells. Several factors which influence the alignment of collagen are examined and related to current anti-scarring therapies using transforming growth factor " The most influential of these …

Preservation And Interpretive Plan For The Dill Tract Civil War Earthworks On James Island, South Carolina, Steven D. Smith

Faculty Publications

Beginning in the late fall of 1862 the Confederate Army defending Charleston began work on a line of earthworks and batteries across James Island, South Carolina, from Secessionville to the Stono River. The lines were called the "New Lines" to distinguish them from other lines built in 1861. Today, approximately 3,000 feet of these lines still exist in very good condition on a 17.3 acre tract of land that represent a portion of the Dill Tract. The tract and earthworks (archaeological site 38CH 195) are part of a noncontiguous district listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are …

Pyridoxamine, An Inhibitor Of Advanced Glycation Reactions, Also Inhibits Advanced Lipoxidation Reactions: Mechanism Of Action Of Pyridoxamine, Joelle M. Onorato, Alicia J. Jenkins, Suzanne R. Thorpe, John W. Baynes

Faculty Publications

Maillard or browning reactions lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on protein and contribute to the increase in chemical modification of proteins during aging and in diabetes. AGE inhibitors such as aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine (PM) have proven effective in animal model and clinical studies as inhibitors of AGE formation and development of diabetic complications. We report here that PM also inhibits the chemical modification of proteins during lipid peroxidation (lipoxidation) reactions in vitro, and we show that it traps reactive intermediates formed during lipid peroxidation. In reactions of arachidonate with the model protein RNase, PM prevented modification …

Amatory Motifs In Paul's Epistle To The Galatians, David E. Fredrickson

Faculty Publications

Paul uses familiar amatory terms to speak of the exclusivity of three critical relationships: the apostle and the Galatian congregations, Paul and Christ, and Christ and the congregations.

Differentiating The Free Exercise And Establishment Clauses, Carl H. Esbeck

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the Establishment Clause is not to safeguard individual religious rights. That is the role of the Free Exercise Clause, indeed its singular role. The purpose of the Establishment Clause, rather, is as a structural restraint on governmental power. Because of its structural character, the task of the Establishment Clause is to limit government from legislating or otherwise acting on any matter "respecting an establishment of religion." The powers that fall within the scope of the foregoing clause (denied to government, hence within the sole province of religion) and the powers outside this clause (hence, authority vested in …

Long-Term Pyrene Exposure Of Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes Pugio, Affects Molting And Reproduction Of Exposed Males And Offspring Of Exposed Females, Eva Oberdörster, Marius Brouwer, Thea Hoexum-Brouwer, Steve Manning, John A. Mclachlan

Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of long-term pyrene exposure on molting and reproduction in the model estuarine invertebrate, the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp were exposed to measured concentrations of 5.1, 15.0, and 63.4 ppb (mu g/L) pyrene for 6 weeks, during which time we determined molting and survivorship. At the end of the exposure, we immediately sacrificed some of the shrimp for biomarker (CYP1A and vitellin) analyses. The remaining shrimp were used to analyze fecundity and embryo survivorship during an additional 6 weeks after termination of pyrene exposure. Male shrimp at the highest …

Low Fasting Plasma Glucose Level As A Predictor Of Cardiovascular Disease And All-Cause Mortality, Ming Wei, Larry W. Gibbons, Tedd L. Mitchell, James B. Kampert, Michael P. Stern, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background - Although medical textbooks usually classify fasting plasma glucose <70 or 80 mg/dL (<3.89 or 4.44 mmol/L) as abnormal, the prognosis for patients with low fasting plasma glucose is unclear.

Methods and Results - We conducted prospective cohort studies among 40,069 men and women to investigate the association between fasting plasma glucose levels and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. We documented a U-shaped relation between fasting plasma glucose and mortality. In addition to diabetes and impaired fasting glucose levels, low fasting plasma glucose levels were also associated with high morality. After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, study population, ethnicity, current smoking status, high blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index, triglycerides, history of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and a family …

Researchers Explore Arctic Freshwater's Role In Ocean Circulation, Steven L. Forman, Wieslaw Maslowski, John T. Andrews, David Lubinski, Michael Steele, Jain Zhang, Richard B. Lammers, Bruce Peterson

Faculty Publications

A critical, but insufficiently understood, component of global change is the influence of Arctic freshwater input on water mass exchange between the Arctic Ocean and Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Four of the Earth's 10 largest river systems, the Mackenzie, Ob,Yenisei, and Lena, contribute water to the Arctic shore (Figure 1) from a vast watershed that drains continental interiors. This river discharge flows into the world's largest contiguous continental shelf and supplies over 50% (1823 km3 ) of the riverine input to the Arctic Ocean.

Settlement Patterns And The Origins Of African Jamaican Society: Seville Plantation, St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, Douglas V. Armstrong, Kenneth G. Kelly

Faculty Publications

Archaeological and historical research at Seville Plantation, Jamaica, are used to explain changes in settlement patterns within the estate's African Jamaican community between 1670 and the late nineteenth century. Sugar plantations, such as Seville, are marked by well-defined spatial order based upon economic and power relations that was imposed upon enslaved communities by planters and managers. Archaeological evidence is used to explore how enslaved Africans modified this imposed order and redefined boundaries in ways that correspond with the development of a distinct African Jamaican society. The rigidly defined linear housing arrangements initially established by the planter, and their relations to …

The Father's Witness: Patriarchal Images Of Boys, David Lee Miller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Unmanned Research Vehicle (Urv): Development, Implementation, & Flight Test Of A Mimo Digital Flight Control System Designed Using Quantitative Feedback Theory, Constantine H. Houpis, Steven J. Rasmussen

Faculty Publications

The Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) design technique, which has the ability to bridge the gap between theory and the real-world control design problem, is utilized in the design of a MIMO digital flight control system for an unmanned research vehicle (URV) that is presented in this paper. The design illustrates how the real-world knowledge of the plant to be controlled and the desired performance specifications can be utilized in trying to achieve a successful robust design for a nonlinear control problem. This paper presents some of the issues involved in developing, implementing, and flight testing a flight control system (FCS) …

Looking At The End From The Beginning: Studying Eschatological Concepts In The Pentateuch, Gerald Klingbeil

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Authority, Bible And Christian Ethics, Miroslav Kis

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Managing Temporal Data In A Comprehensive Modeling Environment, Norman L. Jones, E. James Nelson, Colby T. Manwaring

Faculty Publications

Numerous graphical pre- and post-processors have been developed for numerical modeling. Many of these systems support numerical models that can be used for both steady state and transient simulations. Dealing with transient data can be particularly difficult in such an environment due to the differing time scales and units associated with transient field data and boundary conditions. A data model and a set of functions are presented in this paper as a simple, yet powerful strategy for managing temporal data in a comprehensive modeling environment. The strategy makes it possible to seamlessly integrate multiple types of transient data and convert …