Digital Commons Network^™

Deep East Texas Grave Markers: Types, Styles, And Motifs, Nancy Adgent, Perky Beisel, George Avery

Faculty Publications

Grave markers are often the only physical evidence of a person’s existence and offer opportunities for even ordinary people to ‘speak’ from the grave. Sometimes the deceased selects the marker or leaves instructions for its composition.

In modern times, the grieving family typically chooses the type, style, motif, and inscription according to commercial availability, aesthetic appeal, and budgetary constraints. A cemetery visitor will likely have no idea of the actual circumstances that caused a particular marker to have its shape, design, and decorative elements.

Like other possessions, markers are subject to fashion trends and since the advent of mass production …

Anthropocentric Distance In National Geographic’S Environmental Aesthetic, Anne Marie Todd

Faculty Publications

Tourism is the way we understand the world: tourists travel in an increasingly mediated environment in which ubiquitous promotional material and other popular artifacts employ stunning images and romantic travel narratives to describe local environments. Tourist texts “sell” local landscapes to entice visitors, employing an environmental aesthetic that urges travel. With its mission to “explore the planet,” the National Geographic Society contributes to this tourist aesthetic. This essay examines three special issues on Africa simultaneously published by the National Geographic Society: its official journal, National Geographic, and its sister magazines, National Geographic Traveler, and National Geographic Adventure. The photographic images …

Song Of Wekiva: Florida’S Wild River And Its Democratic Vista, Steve Phelan

Faculty Publications

Today hundreds of thousands enjoy the river every year. We are a different breed. When I take our children or my students to the river or walk along its sandy uplands to show them undiscovered and unmapped springs popping out of the ground, they and I are still abiding in a domesticated world that erects a substantial, almost impervious barrier to the wilderness of the river. Nevertheless, that wildness is built unconsciously into our bodies. We are not like the Timucuans, the first humans to come down the St. Johns River and eventually up the Wekiva to the two main …

Dimensionality Of Business Ethics In China, Marc Sardy, J. Mark Munoz, James Jianmin Sun, Ilan Alon

Faculty Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethical dimensions in China. It reviews the extant business ethics literature on China, collects data on ethical conduct from a large Chinese university, and analyzes the data to examine emerging trends. Design/methodology/approach – Factor analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS) are applied to an established survey instrument after reliability is confirmed. Findings – Principal-components factor analysis uncovers six main factors. MDS further reduces the explanatory variables into four ethical dimensions, while increasing the number of useable observations. These four dimensions are then correlated with some demographic and psychographic variables. Results …

Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Detected In Amphibians From National Forests In Eastern Texas, Usa, Daniel Saenz, Brendan T. Kavanagh, Matthew Kwiatkowski

Faculty Publications

The amphibian disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd, Longcore et al. 1999), is well known as a major threat to amphibians resulting in mass die-offs and population declines throughout the world (Berger et al. 1998; Blaustein and Keisecker 2002; Daszak et al. 2003; McCallum 2005; Rachowicz et al. 2006). Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been detected on amphibians from sites across North America (Ouellet et al. 2005; Woodhams et al. 2008) and appears to be most prevalent in the western and the northeastern United States (Longcore et al. 2007; Schlaepfer et al. 2007). Whereas infected anurans also have …

An Overview Of Genus Aesculus L.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Activities, Shiyou Li, Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang

Faculty Publications

The genus Aesculus L. (Hippocastanaceae) has 12 species distributed in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America, and Europe. In Europe and the United States, A. hippocastanum has been used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, and postoperative edema. In China, A. chinensis var. chinense has been used as a stomachic and analgesic in the treatment of distention and pain in the chest and the abdomen, malaria, dysentery, and heart disease. The objective of this paper is to review the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of the genus Aesculus. To date, more than 210 compounds have been isolated …

Food, Nutrition, And Natural Resource Sciences In The Fy 2011 Budget. Chapter 27, American Assoc. For The Advancement Of Science Report Xxxv, William Fisher, Karl Glasener, Caron Gala Bijl, Mary Lee Watts, Lowell Randel, Steven H. Bullard, Jim Gulliford

Faculty Publications

Food, agricultural, nutrition, and natural resource sciences are poised to make major contributions to improve human health and protect our environment. With the launch of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIF A) in 2009, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said "the opportunity to truly transform a field of science happens at best once a generation." With the release of a report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization stating that food production will need to nearly double by 2050 to meet the demands of a world population totaling more than nine billion, this announcement is timely. The current …

White-Tailed Deer Antler Research: A Response To Demarais And Strickland, Ben Koerth, James Kroll

Faculty Publications

Demarais and Strickland presented several questions about the scope and validity of conclusions regarding predictability of mature antler size based on yearling antler size and produced a simulation model reported to demonstrate measurement bias in our 2008 study. We believe our conclusions were appropriate with our research hypothesis and demonstrated the assumed differential selection bias by hunters used in Demarais and Strickland was unwarranted. Demarais and Strickland provided no metadata to document the provenance of data used in their model and did not account for location, year, cohort, nutrition of research animals, or loss of individuals from their sample population …

Broad-Scale Relations Between Conservation Reserve Program And Grassland Birds: Do Cover Type, Configuration And Contract Age Matter?, Sam Riffell, Daniel Scognamillo, L. Wes Burger Jr., Shawn Bucholtz

Faculty Publications

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary cropland set-aside program where environmentally-sensitive cropland is retired to a conservation practice. Grassland birds should benefit because most CRP is grass habitat and because amount of land in CRP is highest in agriculture-dominated areas of the United States where grassland habitat has been most impacted. We used the Breeding Bird Survey and Common Land Unit (CLU) data (spatially-explicit data of farm field boundaries and land cover) to identify relations between types and configurations of CRP and grassland bird abundance in 3 Midwestern states. All 13 species we studied were related to at …

L'Autre Guide: For Early Man On A Modern Road, Musée De Préhistoire Des Gorges Du Verdon, Dore Bowen

Faculty Publications

Au cours de leur résidence au musée, l’artiste Isabelle Massu et l’historienne d’art américaine Dore Bowen ont entrepris une recherche dont elles présentent les résultats au Musée de Préhistoire, du 16 mai au 15 décembre 2009, avec la collaboration de la scénographe Isabelle Gressier.

"With The Support Of Listeners Like You": Lessons From U.S. Public Radio, Alan G. Stavitsky, Michael Huntsberger

Faculty Publications

This chapter provides an assessment of public broadcasting in the United States. It asserts that European public service broadcasting (PSB) could learn from U.S. practices that may prove to be particularly relevant in the current PSB climate.

Homophobia, Heterosexism, And Ambivalence In The Premier Issue Of Sports Illustrated Woman/Sport, Lisa M. Weidman

Faculty Publications

The arrival of a magazine dedicated solely to the world of women's sports was an exciting prospect for fans and proponents of women's sports. But the first issue of Sports Illustrated Women/Sport disappointed many who considered it did not put women's sports in the best possible light, who were worried and disappointed that its editors did not print the best stories or even focus on the most deserving athletes. Lisa Weidman decided to investigate further, using feminist theory and prior research findings to better understand the magazine's messages. Through a critical analysis of the magazine's editorial content - at the …

Dynamics And Distribution Of Natural And Human-Caused Hypoxia, N N. Rabalais, R J. Diaz, L A. Levin, R. Eugene Turner, N N. Rabalais, J Zhang

Faculty Publications

Water masses can become undersaturated with oxygen when natural processes alone or in combination with anthropogenic processes produce enough organic carbon that is aerobically decomposed faster than the rate of oxygen re-aeration. The dominant natural processes usually involved are photosynthetic carbon production and microbial respiration. The re-supply rate is indirectly related to its isolation from the surface layer. Hypoxic water masses (< 2 mg L-1, or approximately 30% saturation) can form, therefore, under 'natural' conditions, and are more likely to occur in marine systems when the water residence time is extended, water exchange and ventilation are minimal, stratification occurs, and where carbon production and export to the bottom layer are relatively high. Hypoxia has occurred through geological time and naturally occurs in oxygen minimum zones, deep basins, eastern boundary upwelling systems, and fjords. Hypoxia development and continuation in many areas of the world's coastal ocean is accelerated by human activities, especially where nutrient loading increased in the Anthropocene. This higher loading set in motion a cascading set of events related to eutrophication. The formation of hypoxic areas has been exacerbated by any combination of interactions that increase primary production and accumulation of organic carbon leading to increased respiratory demand for oxygen below a seasonal or permanent pycnocline. Nutrient loading is likely to increase further as population growth and resource intensification rises, especially with increased dependency on crops using fertilizers, burning of fossil fuels, urbanization, and waste water generation. It is likely that the occurrence and persistence of hypoxia will be even more widespread and have more impacts than presently observed. Global climate change will further complicate the causative factors in both natural and human-caused hypoxia. The likelihood of strengthened stratification alone, from increased surface water temperature as the global climate warms, is sufficient to worsen hypoxia where it currently exists and facilitate its formation in additional waters. Increased precipitation that increases freshwater discharge and flux of nutrients will result in increased primary production in the receiving waters up to a point. The interplay of increased nutrients and stratification where they occur will aggravate and accelerate hypoxia. Changes in wind fields may expand oxygen minimum zones onto more continental shelf areas. On the other hand, not all regions will experience increased precipitation, some oceanic water temperatures may decrease as currents shift, and frequency and severity of tropical storms may increase and temporarily disrupt hypoxia more often. The consequences of global warming and climate change are effectively uncontrollable at least in the near term. On the other hand, the consequences of eutrophication-induced hypoxia can be reversed if long-term, broad-scale, and persistent efforts to reduce substantial nutrient loads are developed and implemented. In the face of globally expanding hypoxia, there is a need for water and resource managers to act now to reduce nutrient loads to maintain, at least, the current status.

Natural And Human-Induced Hypoxia And Consequences For Coastal Areas: Synthesis And Future Development, J. Zhang, D. Gilbert, A.J. Gooday, L. Levin, S.W.A. Naqvi, J.J. Middelburg, M. Scranton, W. Ekau, A. Peña, B. Dewitte, T. Oguz, P.M.S. Monteiro, E. Urban, N.N. Rabalais, V. Ittekkot, W.M. Kemp, O. Ulloa, R. Elmgren, E. Escobar-Briones, A.K. Van Der Plas

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Gain Control In Ca1 Pyramidal Cells Using Changes In Somatic Conductance., Fernandez Fr, White Ja

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Mechanism Of Abrupt Transition Between Theta And Hyper-Excitable Spiking Activity In Medial Entorhinal Cortex Layer Ii Stellate Cells., Kispersky T, White Ja, Rotstein Hg

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Contemporary “Fist Inside The Velvet Glove”: Employer Captive Audience Meetings Under The Nlra, Paul M. Secunda

Faculty Publications

One of the more effective anti-union techniques used by employers during labor organizational campaigns is the holding of employee captive audience meetings. Employees, in the midst of deciding whether or not to join a union, are compelled to attend an assembly where management has a one-way conversation with them about the evils of unionism. These meetings occur during working hours, when the employer is best able to exert its economic authority over employees and to play on fears of job loss if employees vote for the union.

While employees are free to leave these meetings in the formal sense, they …

Constitutional Safety Valve: The Privileges Or Immunities Clause And Status Regimes In A Federalist System, Bruce E. Boyden

Faculty Publications

The American Constitution was born flawed: it failed to provide a mechanism for resolving entrenched differences in the social status regimes between states. This Article argues that part of the purpose of the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was to correct that flaw. The Privileges or Immunities Clause was the culmination of a long antebellum debate over whether southern states had to respect the rights of northern black citizens as they traveled. The Clause achieves this goal by requiring states in certain circumstances to respect the status determinations of other states when the citizens of those other …

The Political Fourth Amendment, Thomas P. Crocker

Faculty Publications

The Political Fourth Amendment builds on Justice Ginsburg's recent dissent in Herring v. United States to argue for a "more majestic conception" of the Fourth Amendment focused on protecting political liberty. To put the point dramatically, we misread the Fourth Amendment when we read it exclusively as a criminal procedure provision focused entirely on either regulating police or protecting privacy. In order to see the Fourth Amendment as contributing to the Constitution's protections for political liberty, and not simply as an invitation to regulate police practice, we must take seriously the fact that the Fourth Amendment's textual purpose is to …

Dangerous Terrain: Mapping The Female Body In Gonzales V. Carhart, B. Jessie Hill

Faculty Publications

The body occupies an ambiguous position within the law. It is, in one sense, the quintessential object of state regulatory and police power, the object that the state acts both upon and for. At the same time, the body is often constructed in legal discourse as the site of personhood - our most intimate, sacred, and inviolate possession. The inherent tension between these two concepts of the body permeates the law, but it is perhaps nowhere more prominent than in the constitutional doctrine pertaining to abortion. Abortion is one of the most heavily regulated medical procedures in the United States, …

The Essential Unity Of Shareholders And The Myth Of Investor Short-Termism, George W. Dent

Faculty Publications

The separation of ownership and control publicized by Berle and Means in 1932 persists today. Domination of public companies by self-serving and ineffective executives costs America billions of dollars every year and contributed to the current economic meltdown. Repeated efforts to solve this problem--including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, expanded disclosure duties, and more stringent requirements for director independence--have had little benefit and have sometimes made matters worse. The flaws in our corporate governance system are a growing problem for America’s economy as disillusioned investors increasingly place their capital in other countries.

Nonetheless, proposals for greater shareholder power have encountered criticisms: various …

Up To D[Eb]Ate On Raising And Control, Part 2: The Empirical Range Of The Constructions And Research On Their Acquistion, Susannah Kirby, William D. Davies, Stanley William Dubinsky

Faculty Publications

This is the second part of a two-part article that reviews a number of the current debates regarding raising and control constructions. The issues addressed in this part include the spectrum of related raising (e.g. possessor raising, further raising) and control (partial, split, generic, super-equi) phenomena; cross-linguistic typology, including backward and copy constructions; and their acquisition in child language.

Synaptically Activated Burst-Generating Conductances May Underlie A Group-Pacemaker Mechanism For Respiratory Rhythm Generation In Mammals, Christopher A. Del Negro, John A. Hayes, Ryland W. Pace, Benjamin R. Brush, Ryoichi Teruyama, Jack L. Feldman

Faculty Publications

Breathing, chewing, and walking are critical life-sustaining behaviors in mammals that consist essentially of simple rhythmic movements. Breathing movements in particular involve the diaphragm, thorax, and airways but emanate from a network in the lower brain stem. This network can be studied in reduced preparations in vitro and using simplified mathematical models that make testable predictions. An iterative approach that employs both in vitro and in silico models argues against canonical mechanisms for respiratory rhythm in neonatal rodents that involve reciprocal inhibition and pacemaker properties. We present an alternative model in which emergent network properties play a rhythmogenic role. Specifically, …

Intracellular Ph Regulation In Isolated Trout Gill Mitochondrion-Rich (Mr) Cell Subtypes: Evidence For Na+/H+ Activity, Scott K. Parks, Martin Tresguerres, Fernando Galvez, Greg G. Goss

Faculty Publications

We have studied intracellular pH (pHi) recovery in isolated trout gill mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells following acidification by the NH4Cl pre-pulse technique. Within a mixed MR cell population, one cell type displayed Na+-independent pHi recovery while the other cell type lacked a Na+-independent pHi recovery. Cells displaying Na+ independent recovery exhibited a significantly higher buffering capacity compared to cells lacking Na+-independent pHi recovery. Cells displaying Na+ independent recovery were identified as PNA+ (peanut lectin agluttinin binding) MR cells while those unable to recover were identified as PNA- (non-peanut lectin agluttinin binding) MR cells. Therefore, recovery from acidification in the absence of …

Social Status Regulates Kisspeptin Receptor Mrna In The Brain Of Astatotilapia Burtoni, Brian P. Grone, Karen P. Maruska, Wayne J. Korzan, Russell D. Fernald

Faculty Publications

The brain controls reproduction in response to relevant external and internal cues. Central to this process in vertebrates is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) produced in neurons of the hypothalamic-preoptic area (POA). GnRH1 released from the POA stimulates pituitary release of gonadotropins, which in males causes sperm production and concomitant steroid hormone release from the testes. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide acting via the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r), increases GnRH1 release and is linked to development of the reproductive system in mammals and other vertebrates. In both fish and mammals, kiss1r mRNA levels increase in the brain around the time of puberty but the environmental …

Expression, Localization And Interaction Of Snare Proteins In Arabidopsis Are Selectively Altered By The Dark, Naohiro Kato, Huancan Bai

Faculty Publications

A method to detect binary interactions among SNAREs, membrane proteins mediating vesicle fusion, in Arabidopsis cells was established. In this method, a pair of recombinant SNAREs is first expressed within Arabidopsis protoplasts at levels similar to their endogenous proteins in 96-well plates. Changes of the interaction are then detected by luminescence. Here, we report that the interaction of SYP122 and VAMP721, a SNARE pair mediating exocytosis, is enhanced when Arabidopsis protoplasts are incubated in the dark. Microscopic observation of plants expressing GFPSYP122 by the syp122 promoter suggests SYP122 is expressed in the root tip when the seedlings are grown in …

Engaging With The Politics Of Determinist Environmental Thinking, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

In The Shadow Of Slavery: Africa’S Botanical Legacy In The Atlantic World, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Renegotiating Barbuda's Commons: Recent Changes In Barbudan Open-Range Cattle Herding, Andrew Sluyter, Amy E. Potter

Faculty Publications

Barbuda remains little developed and sparsely populated relative to its neighbors in the Leeward Lesser Antilles, a rather extraordinary and relatively unknown Caribbean place. Much of its distinctiveness derives from the communal land-tenure system, itself rooted in three centuries of open-range cattle herding. Yet, as revealed through interviews, newspaper archives, and landscape observations, openrange cattle herding has declined over the past three decades, with related changes in land tenure. As the new Barbuda Land Act came into effect in 2008, codifying the communal tenure system, the very landscape elements that manifest open-range herding have become obscure. In particular, the rock-walled …

The Hispanic Atlantic's Tasajo Trail, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

Produced along the Río de la Plata during the nineteenth century, shipped to Havana, and consumed by African slaves, the salt-cured beef known as tasajo affected both of those places and, to some degree, the Atlantic world in general. Initial exploration of the tasajo trail that connected Buenos Aires and Cuba employs primary sources such as nineteenth-century descriptions and shipping records to characterize the landscapes, places, routes, and agents of the largely unexplored research territory of that anomalous commodity: one that, unlike others such as sugar, slaves not only produced but also consumed; one that underpinned more prominent, latitudinal transatlantic …